1
|
Hanana H, Taranu ZE, Turcotte P, Gagnon C, Kowalczyk J, Gagné F. Evaluation of general stress, detoxification pathways, and genotoxicity in rainbow trout exposed to rare earth elements dysprosium and lutetium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111588. [PMID: 33396111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been recently identified as emergent contaminants because of their numerous and increasing applications in technology. The impact of REEs on downstream ecosystems, notably aquatic organisms, is of particular concern, but has to date been largely overlooked. The purpose of this study was thus to evaluate the toxicity of lanthanide metals, lutetium (Lu) and dysprosium (Dy) in rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) was determined and the expression of 14 genes involved in different pathways such as oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, mitochondrial respiration, DNA repair, protein folding and turnover, inflammation, calcium binding and ammonia metabolism were quantified in surviving fish. In parallel, lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA damage (DSB), metallothionein level (MT) and cyclooxygenase activity (COX) were examined. The acute 96 h-LC50 data revealed that Lu was more toxic than Dy (1.9 and 11.0 mg/L, respectively) and was able to affect all investigated pathways by changing the expression of the studied genes, to the exception of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It also induced a decrease in DNA repair at concentrations 29 times below the LC50. This suggests that Lu could trigger a general stress to disrupt the cell homeostasis leading to genotoxicity without promoting oxidative stress. However, Dy induced modulation in the expression of genes involved in the protection against oxidative stress, detoxification, mitochondrial respiration, immunomodulation, protein turnover and an increase in the DNA strand breaks at concentrations 170 times lower than LC50. Changes in mRNA level transcripts could represent an early signal to prevent against toxicity of Dy, which exhibited inflammatory and genotoxic effects. This study thus provides useful knowledge enhancing our understanding of survival strategies developed by rainbow trout to cope with the presence of lanthanides in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hanana
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Zofia E Taranu
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Patrice Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Joanna Kowalczyk
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, 7th Floor, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Dong C, Tian L, Ji X, Yang L, Li L. Gadolinium Chloride Restores the Function of the Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication between Hepatocytes in a Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3748. [PMID: 31370360 PMCID: PMC6695937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) has been reported to attenuate liver injury caused by a variety of toxicants. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is thought to be essential in controlling liver homeostasis and pathology. Here we evaluate the effects of GdCl3 on functional GJIC and connexin expression in mouse models and primary hepatocytes. METHODS Mice were administered GdCl3 intraperitoneally the day before a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection or bile duct ligation (BDL) operation. Primary hepatocytes were treated with CCl4 or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), with or without GdCl3. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was performed to assess the GJIC function. The expression of connexins was examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS CCl4 treatment or the BDL operation led to the dysfunction of GJIC and a down-regulation of Cx32 and Cx26 in injured liver. GdCl3 administration restored GJIC function between hepatocytes by facilitating the transfer of fluorescent dye from one cell into adjacent cells via GJIC, and markedly prevented the decrease of Cx32 and Cx26 in injured liver. In primary hepatocytes, CCl4 or LPS treatment induced an obvious decline of Cx32 and Cx26, whereas GdCl3 pretreatment prevented the down-regulation of connexins. In vivo GdCl3 protected hepatocytes and attenuated the liver inflammation and fibrosis in liver injury mouse models. CONCLUSION GdCl3 administration protects functional GJIC between hepatocytes, and prevents the decrease of connexin proteins at mRNA and protein levels during liver injury, leading to the alleviation of chronic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengbin Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaofang Ji
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hanana H, Turcotte P, Dubé M, Gagnon C, Gagné F. Response of the freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha to sub-lethal concentrations of samarium and yttrium after chronic exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:662-670. [PMID: 30245300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Samarium (Sm) and yttrium (Y) are commonly used rare earth elements (REEs) but there is a scarcity of information concerning their biological effects in non-target aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability of those REEs and their toxicity on Dreissena polymorpha after exposure to increasing concentration of Sm and Y for 28 days at 15 °C. At the end of the exposure period, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), metallothionein (MT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) and cyclin D (Cyc D) were analysed. In addition, we examined lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA strand breaks (DSB), GST and prostaglandin cyclooxygenase (COX) activities. Results showed a concentration dependent increase in the level of the REEs accumulated in the soft tissue of mussels. Both REEs decreased CAT but did not significantly modulated SOD and MT expressions. Furthermore, Sm3+ up-regulated GST, CO1 and Cyc D, while Y3+ increased and decreased GST and CO1 transcripts levels, respectively. Biomarker activities showed no oxidative damage as evidenced by LPO, while COX activity was decreased and DNA strand breaks levels were changed suggesting that Sm and Y exhibit anti-inflammatory and genotoxic effects. Factorial analysis revealed that the major impacted biomarkers by Sm were LPO, CAT, CO1 and COX, while GST gene expression, COX, Cyc D and CAT as the major biomarkers affected by Y. We conclude that these REEs display different mode of action but further investigations are required in order to define the exact mechanism involved in their toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hanana
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7.
| | - Patrice Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7
| | - Maxime Dubé
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7
| | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 2E7.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gadolinium Chloride Rescues Niemann⁻Pick Type C Liver Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113599. [PMID: 30441844 PMCID: PMC6274821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare neurovisceral cholesterol storage disorder that arises from loss of function mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Soon after birth, some patients present with an aggressive hepatosplenomegaly and cholestatic signs. Histopathologically, the liver presents with large numbers of foam cells; however, their role in disease pathogenesis has not been explored in depth. Here, we studied the consequences of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) treatment, a well-known Kupffer/foam cell inhibitor, at late stages of NPC liver disease and compared it with NPC1 genetic rescue in hepatocytes in vivo. GdCl3 treatment successfully blocked the endocytic capacity of hepatic Kupffer/foam measured by India ink endocytosis, decreased the levels CD68—A marker of Kupffer cells in the liver—and normalized the transaminase levels in serum of NPC mice to a similar extent to those obtained by genetic Npc1 rescue of liver cells. Gadolinium salts are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrasts. This study opens the possibility of targeting foam cells with gadolinium or by other means for improving NPC liver disease. Synopsis: Gadolinium chloride can effectively rescue some parameters of liver dysfunction in NPC mice and its potential use in patients should be carefully evaluated.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hanana H, Turcotte P, André C, Gagnon C, Gagné F. Comparative study of the effects of gadolinium chloride and gadolinium - based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent on freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:197-207. [PMID: 28437745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd), a metal of the lanthanide series used in various industrial and medical purposes is released into the aquatic environment. However, there are few aquatic toxicological studies addressing environmental effects of Gd which remains unknown in aquatic animals. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of GdCl3 and a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Omniscan), in zebra mussels after 28 days through a multibiomarker approach. Data revealed that after GdCl3 exposure, the mRNA level of metallothionein (MT) was modulated, those of cytochrome c oxidase (CO1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased, while gene expressions of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were downregulated. Furthermore, neither lipoperoxidation (LPO) nor genotoxicity were detected but only a decrease in the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity was observed. In addition, a significant correlation was found between biomarkers and bioaccumulated Gd, suggesting that mitochondrial and anti-inflammatory pathways were triggered with GdCl3. By opposition, the contrasting agent formulation induced downregulation of SOD, CAT, GST and CO1, a decrease in the level of LPO and an increase in the GST and COX activities. This suggests that the chelated form of Gd did not promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exhibits antioxidant and proinflammatory effects in mussels. Therefore, this study revealed that ionic and the chelated form of Gd influence different cellular pathways to initiate cellular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hanana
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Patrice Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Chantale André
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arab MR, Mirzaei R, Aval FS. The Protective Effects of Gadolinum Chloride on Pneumotoxic Effects of Styrene in Rat. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:422-8. [PMID: 26464813 PMCID: PMC4601862 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of gadoli-
num on pneumotoxic effects of styrene in rats as an experimental model.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study a total number of 40 adult male Sprague
Dawley rats that weighed 200 ± 13 g were randomly divided into five groups: i. styrene (St,
N=10), ii. styrene+gadolinium chloride (GdCl3, N=10), iii. control (N=10), iv. GdCl3 (N=5) and v.
normal saline (Nor.Sal, as a solvent of GdCl3, N=5). Normal saline, as a sham control group,
was otherwise treated identically. Rats from the experimental groups were exposed to St in an
exposure chamber for 6 days/week, 4 hours/day for up to 3 weeks. At the end of the experi-
ment, rats from all groups were killed by deep anesthesia. Their lungs were removed, then
fixed in formalin and weighed. Tissue samples were processed routinely and sections stained
by the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods. We measured
the thicknesses of the respiratory epithelia and interalveolar septa. Obtained data were ana-
lyzed by ANOVA, the Tukey test and the paired t test.
Results Shedding of apical cytoplasm in the bronchiole was a prominent feature of the
St group. PAS staining revealed histochemical changes in goblet cells in the epithelium
of the St group. While there were no significant changes in lung weights and respiratory
epithelial thicknesses between all studied groups, statistical analysis showed a significant
alteration in the thickness of interalveolar septa in the St and St+GdCl3 group compared
to the control groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion Styrene induced structural and histochemical changes in bronchiole,
interalveolar septa and alveolar organization in the rats’ lungs. Gadolinium appeared
to partially reduce the toxic effects of styrene on the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Arab
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramazan Mirzaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fereydoon Sargolzaei Aval
- Cell and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Strafella E, Bracci M, Staffolani S, Manzella N, Giantomasi D, Valentino M, Amati M, Tomasetti M, Santarelli L. Occupational styrene exposure induces stress-responsive genes involved in cytoprotective and cytotoxic activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75401. [PMID: 24086524 PMCID: PMC3781025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of a panel of genes involved in toxicology in response to styrene exposure at levels below the occupational standard setting. Methods Workers in a fiber glass boat industry were evaluated for a panel of stress- and toxicity-related genes and associated with biochemical parameters related to hepatic injury. Urinary styrene metabolites (MA+PGA) of subjects and environmental sampling data collected for air at workplace were used to estimate styrene exposure. Results Expression array analysis revealed massive upregulation of genes encoding stress-responsive proteins (HSPA1L, EGR1, IL-6, IL-1β, TNSF10 and TNFα) in the styrene-exposed group; the levels of cytokines released were further confirmed in serum. The exposed workers were then stratified by styrene exposure levels. EGR1 gene upregulation paralleled the expression and transcriptional protein levels of IL-6, TNSF10 and TNFα in styrene exposed workers, even at low level. The activation of the EGR1 pathway observed at low-styrene exposure was associated with a slight increase of hepatic markers found in highly exposed subjects, even though they were within normal range. The ALT and AST levels were not affected by alcohol consumption, and positively correlated with urinary styrene metabolites as evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα are the primary mediators of processes involved in the hepatic injury response and regeneration. Here, we show that styrene induced stress responsive genes involved in cytoprotection and cytotoxicity at low-exposure, that proceed to a mild subclinical hepatic toxicity at high-styrene exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Strafella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Staffolani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Giantomasi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|