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Forsyth DM, Comte S, Davis NE, Bengsen AJ, Côté SD, Hewitt DG, Morellet N, Mysterud A. Methodology matters when estimating deer abundance: a global systematic review and recommendations for improvements. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Forsyth
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 1447 Forest Road Orange NSW 2800 Australia
| | - Sebastien Comte
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 1447 Forest Road Orange NSW 2800 Australia
| | - Naomi E. Davis
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Bengsen
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 1447 Forest Road Orange NSW 2800 Australia
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- Département de biologie & Centre d'études Nordiques Université Laval Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - David G. Hewitt
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas 78363 USA
| | | | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences University of Oslo P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO‐0316 Oslo Norway
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Response of an Indicator Species, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, to Temporal and Spatial Variations in Sika Deer Density. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020302. [PMID: 35205168 PMCID: PMC8868673 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Deer can affect forest ecosystems through foraging behavior. Using indicator species that are sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in deer density has the advantage of managing deer effectively and practically. We examined the response of Dryopteriscrassirhizoma to the variations in sika deer density in Hokkaido, Japan. We showed that the grazing intensity of D. crassirhizoma was sensitive to short-term decreases in deer density and positively related to spatial variation in deer density within regions. Dryopteris crassirhizoma can be a useful indicator species and using grazing intensity could help managers rapidly determine their management direction and decide where to focus their efforts. Abstract Identifying appropriate indicator species for the impact of deer on forest vegetation is crucial for forest management in deer habitats and is required to be sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in deer density. Dryopteris crassirhizoma was selected as a new indicator to evaluate the response to these variations. We examined the population-level characteristics, morphological characteristics at the individual level, and grazing intensity of D. crassirhizoma at temporally different deer density sites in Hokkaido, Japan. The response of D. crassirhizoma to spatial variation in deer density was also examined within and between two regions in Hokkaido, Japan. Although the population-level characteristics and morphological characteristics did not significantly respond to short-term decreases in deer density, grazing intensity significantly decreased with decreasing deer density. The grazing intensity was also positively related to the spatial variation of deer density within both regions, but the estimated coefficient of the grazing intensity differed between regions. We concluded that D. crassirhizoma can be a useful indicator species of the impact of deer on forest vegetation. The grazing intensity of the indicator species was sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in deer density within the region.
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Modelling the Relative Abundance of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) along a Climate and Land-Use Gradient. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030222. [PMID: 35158549 PMCID: PMC8833417 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) are important given their economic, recreational and ecological value. However, uncontrolled roe deer numbers can result in negative impacts on forest regeneration and agricultural crops, disease transmission and occurrences of deer-vehicle collisions. Information on the abundance and distribution is needed for effective management. We combined distance sampling (DS) of roe deer dung pellet groups with multiple variables to develop a density surface model (DSM) in the federal state of Bavaria in south-eastern Germany. We used the estimates of pellet group density as a proxy for roe deer relative abundance. We extrapolated our best DSM, conducted a quantitative evaluation and contrasted relative abundance along climate and land-use gradients. Relative abundance of roe deer was influenced by a combination of habitat type, climate and wildlife management variables, which differed between seasons and which reflected changes in food and shelter availability. At the landscape scale, the highest abundance was observed in agriculture-dominated areas and the lowest in urban areas. Higher abundance was also observed in areas with intermediate temperatures compared to the warmest areas. Our results provide information on possible future changes in the distribution of relative abundance due to changes in climate and land-use.
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McGregor H, Moseby K, Johnson CN, Legge S. Effectiveness of thermal cameras compared to spotlights for counts of arid zone mammals across a range of ambient temperatures. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/am20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effective monitoring of mammal species is critical to their management. Thermal cameras may enable more accurate detection of nocturnal mammals than visual observation with the aid of spotlights. We aimed to measure improvements in detection provided by thermal cameras, and to determine how these improvements depended on ambient temperatures and mammal species. We monitored small to medium sized mammals in central Australia, including small rodents, bettongs, bilbies, European rabbits, and feral cats. We conducted 20 vehicle-based camera transects using both a spotlight and thermal camera under ambient temperatures ranging from 10°C to 35°C. Thermal cameras resulted in more detections of small rodents and medium sized mammals. There was no increased benefit for feral cats, likely due to their prominent eyeshine. We found a strong relationship between increased detections using thermal cameras and environmental temperature: thermal cameras detected 30% more animals than conventional spotlighting at approximately 15°C, but produced few additional detections above 30°C. Spotlighting may be more versatile as it can be used in a greater range of ambient temperatures, but thermal cameras are more accurate than visual surveys at low temperatures, and can be used to benchmark spotlight surveys.
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McMahon MC, Ditmer MA, Forester JD. Comparing unmanned aerial systems with conventional methodology for surveying a wild white-tailed deer population. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Context Ungulate populations are subject to fluctuations caused by extrinsic factors and require efficient and frequent surveying to monitor population sizes and demographics. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have become increasingly popular for ungulate research; however, little is understood about how this novel technology compares with conventional methodologies for surveying wild populations. Aims We examined the feasibility of using a fixed-wing UAS equipped with a thermal infrared sensor for estimating the population density of wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR), Minnesota, USA. We compared UAS density estimates with those derived from faecal pellet-group counts. Methods We conducted UAS thermal survey flights from March to April of 2018 and January to March of 2019. Faecal pellet-group counts were conducted from April to May in 2018 and 2019. We modelled deer counts and detection probabilities and used these results to calculate point estimates and bootstrapped prediction intervals for deer density from UAS and pellet-group count data. We compared results of each survey approach to evaluate the relative efficacy of these two methodologies. Key results Our best-fitting model of certain deer detections derived from our UAS-collected thermal imagery produced deer density estimates (WR20204_IE1.gif, 95% prediction interval = 4.32–17.84 deer km−2) that overlapped with the pellet-group count model when using our mean pellet deposition rate assumption (WR20204_IE2.gif, 95% prediction interval = 4.14–11.29 deer km−2). Estimates from our top UAS model using both certain and potential deer detections resulted in a mean density of 13.77 deer km−2 (95% prediction interval = 6.64–24.35 deer km−2), which was similar to our pellet-group count model that used a lower rate of pellet deposition (WR20204_IE3.gif, 95% prediction interval = 6.46–17.65 deer km−2). The mean point estimates from our top UAS model predicted a range of 136.68–273.81 deer, and abundance point estimates using our pellet-group data ranged from 112.79 to 239.67 deer throughout the CCESR. Conclusions Overall, UAS yielded results similar to pellet-group counts for estimating population densities of wild ungulates; however, UAS surveys were more efficient and could be conducted at multiple times throughout the winter. Implications We demonstrated how UAS could be applied for regularly monitoring changes in population density. We encourage researchers and managers to consider the merits of UAS and how they could be used to enhance the efficiency of wildlife surveys.
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McMahon MC, Ditmer MA, Isaac EJ, Moore SA, Forester JD. Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Systems for the Detection and Monitoring of Moose in Northeastern Minnesota. WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McMahon
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 2003 Upper Buford Circle, Suite 135 Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Mark A. Ditmer
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 2003 Upper Buford Circle, Suite 135 Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Edmund J. Isaac
- Grand Portage Biology and Environment 27 Store Road, Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Grand Portage MN 55605 USA
| | - Seth A. Moore
- Grand Portage Biology and Environment 27 Store Road, Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Grand Portage MN 55605 USA
| | - James D. Forester
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 2003 Upper Buford Circle, Suite 135 Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
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Pocknee CA, Lahoz-Monfort JJ, Martin RW, Wintle BA. Cost-effectiveness of thermal imaging for monitoring a cryptic arboreal mammal. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ContextThe development of reliable and cost-efficient survey techniques is key to the monitoring of all wildlife. One group of species that presents particular challenges for monitoring is the arboreal mammals. Traditional techniques for detecting these species often yield low detection probabilities (detectability) and are time-consuming, suggesting the potential for novel methods to enhance our understanding of their distribution, abundance and population trajectories. One technique that has been shown to increase detectability in a range of terrestrial species is thermal imaging, although it has rarely been applied to arboreal species. The true conservation status of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) is uncertain because of low detectability under typical survey techniques, and a more suitable method is required to enable effective monitoring of the species, making it an ideal candidate for the present study.
AimsWe aimed to compare the success and cost-effectiveness of surveys utilising thermal imaging with two traditional methods, namely, spotlighting and daytime surveys, so as to optimise monitoring of D. lumholtzi.
MethodsWe conducted surveys at 10 sites in Queensland (Australia) where D. lumholtzi was known to occur, by using each method, and modelled both the detectability of D. lumholtzi and the cost-effectiveness of each technique.
Key resultsDetectability of D. lumholtzi was significantly higher with the use of thermal imaging than it was with the other survey methods, and thermal detection is more cost-effective. In average survey conditions with a trained observer, the single-visit estimated detectability of D. lumholtzi was 0.28 [0.04, 0.79] in a transect through rainforest, by using thermal imaging. Using only spotlights, the detection probability was 0.03 [0, 0.28] under the same conditions.
ConclusionsThese results show that incorporating thermal technology into monitoring surveys will greatly increase detection probability for D. lumholtzi, a cryptic arboreal mammal.
ImplicationsOur study highlighted the potential utility of thermal detection in monitoring difficult-to-detect species in complex habitats, including species that exist mainly in dense forest canopy.
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Focardi S, Morgia VL, Montanaro P, Riga F, Calabrese A, Ronchi F, Aragno P, Scacco M, Calmanti R, Franzetti B. Reliable estimates of wild boar populations by nocturnal distance sampling. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Focardi
- S. Focardi ✉ , Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, IT-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Valentina La Morgia
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Paolo Montanaro
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Francesco Riga
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Calabrese
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Paola Aragno
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Marianne Scacco
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Calmanti
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Barbara Franzetti
- V. La Morgia, P. Montanaro, F. Riga, A. Calabrese, F. Ronchi, P. Aragno, M. Scacco, R. Calmanti and B. Franzetti, Inst. Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
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Croft S, Franzetti B, Gill R, Massei G. Too many wild boar? Modelling fertility control and culling to reduce wild boar numbers in isolated populations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238429. [PMID: 32946480 PMCID: PMC7500663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boar and feral swine number and range are increasing worldwide in parallel with their impact on biodiversity and human activities. The ecological and economic impact of this species include spread of diseases, vehicle collisions, damage to crops, amenities and infrastructures and reduction in plant and animal abundance and richness. As traditional methods such as culling have not contained the growth and spread of wild boar and feral pigs, alternative methods such as fertility control are now advocated. We used empirical data on two isolated wild boar populations to model and compare the effects of different regimes of culling and fertility control on population trends. We built a Bayesian population model and applied it to explore the implications for population control of various management options combining culling and/or contraception. The results showed that, whilst fertility control on its own was not sufficient to achieve the target reduction in wild boar number, adding fertility control to culling was more effective than culling alone. In particular, using contraceptives on 40% of the population to complement the culling of 60% of the animals, halved the time to achieve our target reduction compared with culling only. We conclude that, assuming the effort of adding fertility control to culling was found to be cost-effective in terms of population reduction, these two methods should be used simultaneously if a rapid decrease in wild boar number is required for a closed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Croft
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Franzetti
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Robin Gill
- Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Farnham, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Massei
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
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Beaver JT, Baldwin RW, Messinger M, Newbolt CH, Ditchkoff SS, Silman MR. Evaluating the Use of Drones Equipped with Thermal Sensors as an Effective Method for Estimating Wildlife. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Beaver
- Department of Biology and Center for EnergyEnvironment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Robert W. Baldwin
- Department of Biology and Center for EnergyEnvironment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Max Messinger
- Department of Biology and Center for EnergyEnvironment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Chad H. Newbolt
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | | | - Miles R. Silman
- Department of Biology and Center for EnergyEnvironment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC 27109 USA
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Spake R, Bellamy C, Gill R, Watts K, Wilson T, Ditchburn B, Eigenbrod F. Forest damage by deer depends on cross‐scale interactions between climate, deer density and landscape structure. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spake
- School of Geography and Environmental Science University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Chloe Bellamy
- Forest ResearchNorthern Research Station Midlothian UK
| | - Robin Gill
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge Farnham Surrey UK
| | - Kevin Watts
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge Farnham Surrey UK
| | - Tom Wilson
- Forest ResearchNorthern Research Station Midlothian UK
| | - Ben Ditchburn
- Forest ResearchNorthern Research Station Midlothian UK
| | - Felix Eigenbrod
- School of Geography and Environmental Science University of Southampton Southampton UK
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Augusteyn J, Pople A, Rich M. Evaluating the use of thermal imaging cameras to monitor the endangered greater bilby at Astrebla Downs National Park. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/am19040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spotlight surveys are widely used to monitor arid-zone-dwelling species such as the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis). These surveys require a sufficient sample size to adequately model detection probability. Adequate sample sizes can be difficult to obtain for low-density populations and for species that avoid light and or have poor eyeshine like the bilby. Abundance estimates based on burrow counts can be problematic because of the variable relationship between the number of burrows used and bilby abundance. In 2013, feral predators devastated a Queensland bilby population and a method was required that could locate and monitor the remaining bilbies. We report on a study that compared density estimates derived from spotlighting and thermal cameras. Bilbies were surveyed annually over three years, using spotlights and thermal cameras on different nights but using the same transects to compare the methods. On average, thermal cameras detected twice the number of bilbies per kilometre surveyed than spotlighting. Despite this difference in the number of bilbies detected, density estimates (bilbies km−2) were similar (thermal camera versus spotlight: 0.6 versus 0.2 (2014), 3.4 versus 3.4 (2015) and 4.8 versus 3.3 (2016)). Nevertheless, the larger sample size obtained using thermal cameras gave greater confidence in modelling detection probability.
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Improving daytime detection of deer for surveillance and management. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Maximising the detection of a target species reduces the uncertainty of survey results and can improve management outcomes. Deer (Cervidae) populations are managed worldwide due to their impacts on anthropocentric interests. In the UK, deer can only lawfully be shot during the daytime, from 1 h before sunrise to 1 h after sunset, when deer activity is at its lowest. We evaluated performance of a thermal imager relative to binoculars for their ability to detect deer during the daytime and at twilight (1 h either side of dawn and dusk). Transect surveys on Thorne Moors, UK, revealed that more roe and red deer were observed using a thermal imager than when using binoculars. More deer in much larger groups were observed at twilight than during the other daylight hours. Variation in animal detectability at different times of the day must be considered during wildlife surveys if their outputs are to be as accurate and precise as possible. The results support the continued focus of deer culling efforts during the hours of twilight. They also highlight the potential utility of thermal imagers for maximising detection probability at twilight.
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Wingard RP, Krausman PR, Milner R. Abundance and Density of a Columbian Black-Tailed Deer Population on an Urban Island. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2019. [DOI: 10.3398/064.079.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Milner
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Corner, WA 98257
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Haus JM, Eyler TB, Bowman JL. A Spatially and Temporally Concurrent Comparison of Popular Abundance Estimators for White-tailed Deer. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2019. [DOI: 10.1656/045.026.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Haus
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716
| | - T. Brian Eyler
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 14038 Blairs Valley Road, Clear Spring, MD 21722
| | - Jacob L. Bowman
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716
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Goodenough AE, Carpenter WS, MacTavish L, Theron C, Delbridge M, Hart AG. Identification of African antelope species: Using thermographic videos to test the efficacy of real-time thermography. Afr J Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Goodenough
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham UK
| | - William S. Carpenter
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham UK
| | | | | | | | - Adam G. Hart
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham UK
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Keever AC, McGowan CP, Ditchkoff SS, Acker PK, Grand JB, Newbolt CH. Efficacy of N-mixture models for surveying and monitoring white-tailed deer populations. MAMMAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-017-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Goodenough AE, Carpenter WS, MacTavish L, MacTavish D, Theron C, Hart AG. Empirically testing the effectiveness of thermal imaging as a tool for identification of large mammals in the African bushveldt. Afr J Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Goodenough
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham GL50 4AZ U.K
| | - William S. Carpenter
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham GL50 4AZ U.K
| | - Lynne MacTavish
- Mankwe Wildlife Reserve; P.O. Box 20784 Protea Park 0305 Mogwase Northwest Province South Africa
| | - Dougal MacTavish
- Mankwe Wildlife Reserve; P.O. Box 20784 Protea Park 0305 Mogwase Northwest Province South Africa
| | - Charles Theron
- Mankwe Wildlife Reserve; P.O. Box 20784 Protea Park 0305 Mogwase Northwest Province South Africa
| | - Adam G. Hart
- School of Natural and Social Science; University of Gloucestershire; Cheltenham GL50 4AZ U.K
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Uno H, Ueno M, Inatomi Y, Osa Y, Akashi N, Unno A, Minamino K. Estimation of Population Density for Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Using Distance Sampling in the Forested Habitats of Hokkaido, Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2017. [DOI: 10.3106/041.042.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uno
- Nature Conservation Division, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ueno
- Eastern Wildlife Research Station, Nature Conservation Division, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inatomi
- Nature Conservation Division, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yuichi Osa
- Eastern Wildlife Research Station, Nature Conservation Division, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Akashi
- Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Unno
- Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Minamino
- Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan
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Pellerin M, Bessière A, Maillard D, Capron G, Gaillard JM, Michallet J, Bonenfant C. Saving time and money by using diurnal vehicle counts to monitor roe deer abundance. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Pellerin
- M. Pellerin and J. Michallet, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Cervidés-Sanglier, 1 place Exelmans, FR-55000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - Aurélie Bessière
- A. Bessière, J.-M. Gaillard and C. Bonenfant, Lab. de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Maillard
- D. Maillard, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Faune de Montagne, Juvignac, France
| | - Gilles Capron
- G. Capron, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Délégation régionale Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- M. Pellerin and J. Michallet, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Cervidés-Sanglier, 1 place Exelmans, FR-55000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - Jacques Michallet
- A. Bessière, J.-M. Gaillard and C. Bonenfant, Lab. de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- A. Bessière, J.-M. Gaillard and C. Bonenfant, Lab. de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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La Morgia V, Focardi S. Performance of distance sampling estimators: a simulation study for designs based on footpaths. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2016.1170128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wäber K, Dolman PM. Deer abundance estimation at landscape-scales in heterogeneous forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Horcajada-Sánchez F, Barja I. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Two Distance-Sampling Techniques for Monitoring Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Densities. ANN ZOOL FENN 2015. [DOI: 10.5735/086.052.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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La Morgia V, Calmanti R, Calabrese A, Focardi S. Cost-effective nocturnal distance sampling for landscape monitoring of ungulate populations. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zamboni T, Delgado A, Jiménez-Pérez I, De Angelo C. How many are there? Multiple-covariate distance sampling for monitoring pampas deer in Corrientes, Argentina. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/wr14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is an endangered species in Argentina. Scarce information exists about one of the four last populations that survive in Corrientes province, where direct counts estimated a population of <500 individuals. Aims To evaluate the status of the pampas deer population in Corrientes by applying a standardised methodology and to develop methodological recommendations for future deer monitoring. Methods We conducted six population censuses between 2007 and 2010, using line transects placed on roads throughout 1200 km2 of grasslands in the Aguapey region, Corrientes, Argentina. From a moving vehicle, we counted every pampas deer group observed along transects. We used Distance 6.0 and its multiple-covariate distance sampling engine to estimate deer density, while exploring the potential effect of roads, habitat type, hour, season, observer experience and survey effort on deer occurrence and density estimation. Key results The occurrence of pampas deer was irrespective of transect location (minor or major road) but a greater number of animals was detected over transects in minor roads and in areas covered by grasslands with young pine plantations. We estimated a density of 1.17 individuals km–2 (s.e. = 0.52), and habitat type was the most important covariate for density estimation. We estimated a total population of 1495 deer (95% CI = 951–2351, CV = 23.27%) for the Aguapey region in Argentina. Conclusions Corrientes hosts one of the largest populations of pampas deer in Argentina, with ~1000 individuals. The fact that we estimated a larger population than did previous studies could be explained either by actual population growth during the past 10 years, or by the use of more exhaustive and sophisticated sampling design and data analysis. Implications Population surveys using covariate distance sampling on ground line transects can provide more realistic population estimates than do other simpler methods. Our population estimates and methods can be used as a baseline for future monitoring of this population, as long as factors such as sampling effort, type of roads for locating transects, and habitat type are considered in future analysis.
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Beaver JT, Harper CA, Kissell RE, Muller LI, Basinger PS, Goode MJ, Van Manen FT, Winton W, Kennedy ML. Aerial vertical-looking infrared imagery to evaluate bias of distance sampling techniques for white-tailed deer. WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Beaver
- Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Robert E. Kissell
- School of Forest Resources; Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas; Monticello AR 71656 USA
| | - Lisa I. Muller
- Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Peyton S. Basinger
- Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Matthew J. Goode
- Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Frank T. Van Manen
- United States Geological Survey; Southern Appalachian Research Branch; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Wes Winton
- Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency; Ellington Agricultural Center; P.O. Box 41489 Nashville TN 37204 USA
| | - Michael L. Kennedy
- Ecological Research Center; Department of Biological Sciences; The University of Memphis; 3774 Walker Avenue Memphis TN 38152 USA
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Can Reliable Sage-Grouse Lek Counts Be Obtained Using Aerial Infrared Technology? JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.3996/032013-jfwm-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
More effective methods for counting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are needed to better assess population trends through enumeration or location of new leks. We describe an aerial infrared technique for conducting sage-grouse lek counts and compare this method with conventional ground-based lek count methods. During the breeding period in 2010 and 2011, we surveyed leks from fixed-winged aircraft using cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared cameras and surveyed the same leks on the same day from the ground following a standard lek count protocol. We did not detect significant differences in lek counts between surveying techniques. These findings suggest that using a cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared camera from an aerial platform to conduct lek surveys is an effective alternative technique to conventional ground-based methods, but further research is needed. We discuss multiple advantages to aerial infrared surveys, including counting in remote areas, representing greater spatial variation, and increasing the number of counted leks per season. Aerial infrared lek counts may be a valuable wildlife management tool that releases time and resources for other conservation efforts. Opportunities exist for wildlife professionals to refine and apply aerial infrared techniques to wildlife monitoring programs because of the increasing reliability and affordability of this technology.
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Brawata RL, Raupach TH, Neeman T. Techniques for monitoring carnivore behavior using automatic thermal video. WILDLIFE SOC B 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee L. Brawata
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Timothy H. Raupach
- Spectral Imaging and Source Mapping Project; National ICT Australia; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Statistical Consultancy Unit; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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Wäber K, Spencer J, Dolman PM. Achieving landscape-scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Focardi S, Franzetti B, Ronchi F. Nocturnal distance sampling of a Mediterranean population of fallow deer is consistent with population projections. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/wr12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Precise and accurate methods are essential to assess wildlife populations for sound management. We surveyed a managed population of fallow deer (Dama dama) in a Mediterranean environment in Italy, where this non-native ungulate has a negative impact on biodiversity.
Aims
We compare nocturnal distance-sampling (deer are detected by thermal imagery at night) population estimates with demographic projections of the same population.
Methods
We estimated natural survival in fawns (0.86), yearlings (0.83), adult males (0.70) and adult females (0.90) using capture–mark–recapture. By integrating survival estimates with population structure, reproductive traits and harvest data, we performed demographic projections. We performed nocturnal distance sampling on foot by using a thermal imagery once a year (in autumn) from 2001 to 2005. We walked 75–77 km (71 transects) per each survey.
Key results
We showed that our survey design met distance-sampling assumptions. Distance sampling and demographic projections yielded similar and precise (12.6% < CV <24.1%) population estimates, showing a decreasing (–164.64 deer year–1) population trend from 2755 deer in 2001 to 1877 in 2005.
Conclusions
We showed that nocturnal distance sampling is useful to monitor wild deer populations in forests effectively and that it represents a cost-effective tool to develop sounded management policy for this non-native species. We also provided, for the first time, a comprehensive stochastic population model for fallow deer in a Mediterranean environment. Using these population estimates, managers could reduce fallow deer population size to a level compatible with the conservation of the endangered Italian roe deer and improve forest regeneration.
Implications
Nocturnal distance sampling can be used to assess ungulate population living in dense forested habitats effectively and efficiently.
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Collier BA, Ditchkoff SS, Ruth CR, Raglin JB. Spotlight surveys for white-tailed deer: Monitoring panacea or exercise in futility? J Wildl Manage 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Steen KA, Villa-Henriksen A, Therkildsen OR, Green O. Automatic detection of animals in mowing operations using thermal cameras. SENSORS 2012; 12:7587-97. [PMID: 22969362 PMCID: PMC3435991 DOI: 10.3390/s120607587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, high-efficiency farming equipment has been developed in the agricultural sector. This has also included efficiency improvement of moving techniques, which include increased working speeds and widths. Therefore, the risk of wild animals being accidentally injured or killed during routine farming operations has increased dramatically over the years. In particular, the nests of ground nesting bird species like grey partridge (Perdix perdix) or pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) are vulnerable to farming operations in their breeding habitat, whereas in mammals, the natural instinct of e.g., leverets of brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and fawns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to lay low and still in the vegetation to avoid predators increase their risk of being killed or injured in farming operations. Various methods and approaches have been used to reduce wildlife mortality resulting from farming operations. However, since wildlife-friendly farming often results in lower efficiency, attempts have been made to develop automatic systems capable of detecting wild animals in the crop. Here we assessed the suitability of thermal imaging in combination with digital image processing to automatically detect a chicken (Gallus domesticus) and a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a grassland habitat. Throughout the different test scenarios, our study animals were detected with a high precision, although the most dense grass cover reduced the detection rate. We conclude that thermal imaging and digital imaging processing may be an important tool for the improvement of wildlife-friendly farming practices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Arild Steen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; E-Mails: (A.V.-H.); (O.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +45-2425-3988
| | - Andrés Villa-Henriksen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; E-Mails: (A.V.-H.); (O.G.)
| | | | - Ole Green
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; E-Mails: (A.V.-H.); (O.G.)
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Hothorn T, Brandl R, Müller J. Large-scale model-based assessment of deer-vehicle collision risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29510. [PMID: 22359535 PMCID: PMC3281017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulates, in particular the Central European roe deer Capreolus capreolus and the North American white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, are economically and ecologically important. The two species are risk factors for deer–vehicle collisions and as browsers of palatable trees have implications for forest regeneration. However, no large-scale management systems for ungulates have been implemented, mainly because of the high efforts and costs associated with attempts to estimate population sizes of free-living ungulates living in a complex landscape. Attempts to directly estimate population sizes of deer are problematic owing to poor data quality and lack of spatial representation on larger scales. We used data on 74,000 deer–vehicle collisions observed in 2006 and 2009 in Bavaria, Germany, to model the local risk of deer–vehicle collisions and to investigate the relationship between deer–vehicle collisions and both environmental conditions and browsing intensities. An innovative modelling approach for the number of deer–vehicle collisions, which allows nonlinear environment–deer relationships and assessment of spatial heterogeneity, was the basis for estimating the local risk of collisions for specific road types on the scale of Bavarian municipalities. Based on this risk model, we propose a new “deer–vehicle collision index” for deer management. We show that the risk of deer–vehicle collisions is positively correlated to browsing intensity and to harvest numbers. Overall, our results demonstrate that the number of deer–vehicle collisions can be predicted with high precision on the scale of municipalities. In the densely populated and intensively used landscapes of Central Europe and North America, a model-based risk assessment for deer–vehicle collisions provides a cost-efficient instrument for deer management on the landscape scale. The measures derived from our model provide valuable information for planning road protection and defining hunting quota. Open-source software implementing the model can be used to transfer our modelling approach to wildlife–vehicle collisions elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hothorn
- Institut für Statistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
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Nocturnal line transect sampling of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean forest: long-term comparison with capture–mark–resight population estimates. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Mills WE, Harrigal DE, Owen SF, Dukes WF, Barrineau DA, Wiggers EP. Capturing clapper rails using thermal imaging technology. J Wildl Manage 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drive counts as a method of estimating ungulate density in forests: mission impossible? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 56:239-253. [PMID: 21765532 PMCID: PMC3109257 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-010-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although drive counts are frequently used to estimate the size of deer populations in forests, little is known about how counting methods or the density and social organization of the deer species concerned influence the accuracy of the estimates obtained, and hence their suitability for informing management decisions. As these issues cannot readily be examined for real populations, we conducted a series of ‘virtual experiments’ in a computer simulation model to evaluate the effects of block size, proportion of forest counted, deer density, social aggregation and spatial auto-correlation on the accuracy of drive counts. Simulated populations of red and roe deer were generated on the basis of drive count data obtained from Polish commercial forests. For both deer species, count accuracy increased with increasing density, and decreased as the degree of aggregation, either demographic or spatial, within the population increased. However, the effect of density on accuracy was substantially greater than the effect of aggregation. Although improvements in accuracy could be made by reducing the size of counting blocks for low-density, aggregated populations, these were limited. Increasing the proportion of the forest counted led to greater improvements in accuracy, but the gains were limited compared with the increase in effort required. If it is necessary to estimate the deer population with a high degree of accuracy (e.g. within 10% of the true value), drive counts are likely to be inadequate whatever the deer density. However, if a lower level of accuracy (within 20% or more) is acceptable, our study suggests that at higher deer densities (more than ca. five to seven deer/100 ha) drive counts can provide reliable information on population size.
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Austin Z, Cinderby S, Smart JCR, Raffaelli D, White PCL. Mapping wildlife: integrating stakeholder knowledge with modelled patterns of deer abundance by using participatory GIS. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/wr08153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context. Some species that are perceived by certain stakeholders as a valuable resource can also cause ecological or economic damage, leading to contrasting management objectives and subsequent conflict between stakeholder groups. There is increasing recognition that the integration of stakeholder knowledge with formal scientific data can enhance the information available for use in management. This is especially true where scientific understanding is incomplete, as is frequently the case for wide-ranging species, which can be difficult to monitor directly at the landscape scale.
Aims. The aim of the research was to incorporate stakeholder knowledge with data derived from formal quantitative models to modify predictions of wildlife distribution and abundance, using wild deer in the UK as an example.
Methods. We use selected predictor variables from a deer–vehicle collision model to estimate deer densities at the 10-km square level throughout the East of England. With these predictions as a baseline, we illustrate the use of participatory GIS as a methodological framework for enabling stakeholder participation in the refinement of landscape-scale deer abundance maps.
Key results. Stakeholder participation resulted in modifications to modelled abundance patterns for all wild deer species present in the East of England, although the modifications were minor and there was a high degree of consistency among stakeholders in the adjustments made. For muntjac, roe and fallow deer, the majority of stakeholder changes represented an increase in density, suggesting that populations of these species are increasing in the region.
Conclusions. Our results show that participatory GIS is a useful technique for enabling stakeholders to contribute to incomplete scientific knowledge, especially where up-to-date species distribution and abundance data are needed to inform wildlife research and management.
Implications. The results of the present study will serve as a valuable information base for future research on deer management in the region. The flexibility of the approach makes it applicable to a range of species at different spatial scales and other wildlife conflict issues. These may include the management of invasive species or the conservation of threatened species, where accurate spatial data and enhanced community involvement are necessary in order to facilitate effective management.
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Response to human presence during nocturnal line transect surveys in fallow deer (Dama dama) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-008-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mysterud A, Meisingset EL, Veiberg V, Langvatn R, Solberg EJ, Loe LE, Stenseth NC. Monitoring Population Size of Red Deer Cervus Elaphus: An Evaluation of Two Types of Census Data from Norway. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[285:mpsord]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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HEMAMI MAHMOUDR, WATKINSON ANDREWR, GILL ROBINMA, DOLMAN PAULM. Estimating abundance of introduced Chinese muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer Capreolus capreolus using portable thermal imaging equipment. Mamm Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2007.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Garcia de Leaniz C, Forman DW, Davies S, Thomson A. Non-intrusive monitoring of otters (Lutra lutra) using infrared technology. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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DANIELS MIKEJ. Estimating red deer Cervus elaphus populations: an analysis of variation and cost-effectiveness of counting methods. Mamm Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2006.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ogutu JO, Bhola N, Piepho H, Reid R. Efficiency of strip‐ and line‐transect surveys of African savanna mammals. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Ogutu
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Universitaet Hohenheim, Institut fuer Pflanzenbau und Gruenland‐340, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N. Bhola
- World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), East African Regional Programme Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - H.‐P. Piepho
- Universitaet Hohenheim, Institut fuer Pflanzenbau und Gruenland‐340, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R. Reid
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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WARD ALASTAIRI, WHITE PIRANCL, CRITCHLEY CHARLESH. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus behaviour affects density estimates from distance sampling surveys. Mamm Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2004.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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EDWARDS GP, POPLE AR, SAALFELD K, CALEY P. Introduced mammals in Australian rangelands: Future threats and the role of monitoring programmes in management strategies. AUSTRAL ECOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsujino R, Noma N, Yumoto T. Growth of the sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) population in the western lowland forests of Yakushima Island, Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2004. [DOI: 10.3106/mammalstudy.29.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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SMART JAMESCR, WARD ALASTAIRI, WHITE PIRANCL. Monitoring woodland deer populations in the UK: an imprecise science. Mamm Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1046/j.0305-1838.2003.00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harmer R. The effect of plant competition and simulated summer browsing by deer on tree regeneration. J Appl Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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