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Aturinde A, Farnaghi M, Pilesjö P, Sundquist K, Mansourian A. Spatial Analysis of Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Hospitalization Across Sweden. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2020GH000323. [PMID: 34095687 PMCID: PMC8148649 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The associations of multiple pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, and the spatial variations of these associations have not been nationally studied in Sweden. The main aim of this study was, thus, to spatially analyze the associations between ambient air pollution (black carbon, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (both <10 µm and <2.5 µm in diameter) and Sulfur oxides considered) and CVD admissions while controlling for neighborhood deprivation across Sweden from 2005 to 2010. Annual emission estimates across Sweden along with admission records for coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, atherosclerotic and aortic disease were obtained and aggregated at Small Areas for Market Statistics level. Global associations were analyzed using global Poisson regression and spatially autoregressive Poisson regression models. Spatial non-stationarity of the associations was analyzed using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. Generally, weak but significant associations were observed between most of the air pollutants and CVD admissions. These associations were non-homogeneous, with more variability in the southern parts of Sweden. Our study demonstrates significant spatially varying associations between ambient air pollution and CVD admissions across Sweden and provides an empirical basis for developing healthcare policies and intervention strategies with more emphasis on local impacts of ambient air pollution on CVD outcomes in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustus Aturinde
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceGIS CentreLund UniversityLundSweden
- College of Computing and Information ScienceMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
- Department of Lands and Architectural StudiesKyambogo UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Mahdi Farnaghi
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceGIS CentreLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Petter Pilesjö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceGIS CentreLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Department of Clinical SciencesCenter for Primary Health Care ResearchLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Ali Mansourian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceGIS CentreLund UniversityLundSweden
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Luo K, Li R, Li W, Wang Z, Ma X, Zhang R, Fang X, Wu Z, Cao Y, Xu Q. Acute Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Cardiovascular Mortality in Beijing: An Exploration of Spatial Heterogeneity and the District-specific Predictors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38328. [PMID: 27910959 PMCID: PMC5133577 DOI: 10.1038/srep38328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of spatial variation and predictors of the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on fatal health outcomes is still sparse. In a multilevel case-crossover study in Beijing, China, we used mixed Cox proportional hazard model to examine the citywide effects and conditional logistic regression to evaluate the district-specific effects of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. District-specific predictors that could be related to the spatial pattern of NO2 effects were examined by robust regression models. We found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in daily mean NO2 concentration was associated with a 1.89% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–2.45%], 2.07% (95% CI: 1.23–2.91%) and 1.95% (95% CI: 1.16–2.72%) increase in daily total cardiovascular (lag03), cerebrovascular (lag03) and ischemic heart disease (lag02) mortality, respectively. For spatial variation of NO2 effects across 16 districts, significant effects were only observed in 5, 4 and 2 districts for the above three outcomes, respectively. Generally, NO2 was likely having greater adverse effects on districts with larger population, higher consumption of coal and more civilian vehicles. Our results suggested independent and spatially varied effects of NO2 on total and subcategory cardiovascular mortalities. The identification of districts with higher risk can provide important insights for reducing NO2 related health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zongshuang Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Zhenglai Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70185, Sweden
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Centre of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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3
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Zhu X, Fan Z(T, Wu X, Meng Q, Wang SW, Tang X, Ohman-Strickland P, Georgopoulos P, Zhang J, Bonanno L, Held J, Lioy P. Spatial variation of volatile organic compounds in a "Hot Spot" for air pollution. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2008; 42:7329-7338. [PMID: 21603123 PMCID: PMC3097105 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The spatial variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were characterized in the Village of Waterfront South neighborhood (WFS), a "hot spot" for air toxics in Camden, NJ. This was accomplished by conducting "spatial saturation sampling" for 11 VOCs using 3500 OVM passive samplers at 22 sites in WFS and 16 sites in Copewood/Davis Streets (CDS) neighborhood, an urban reference area located ∼1000 m east of the WFS. Sampling durations were 24 and 48 h. For all 3 sampling campaigns (2 in summer and 1 in winter), the spatial variations and median concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (TEX) were found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in WFS than in CDS, where the spatial distributions of these compounds were relatively uniform. The highest concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (maximum of 159 μg m(-3)) were always found at one site close to a car scrapping facility in WFS during each sampling campaign. The spatial variation of benzene in WFS was found to be marginally higher (p = 0.057) than in CDS during one sampling campaign, but similar in the other two sampling periods. The results obtained from the analyses of correlation among all species and the proximity of sampling site to source indicated that local stationary sources in WFS have significant impact on MTBE and BTEX air pollution in WFS, and both mobile sources and some of the stationary sources in WFS contributed to the ambient levels of these species measured in CDS. The homogenous spatial distributions (%RSD < 24%) and low concentrations of chloroform (0.02-0.23 μg m(-3)) and carbon tetrachloride (0.45-0.51 μg m(-3)) indicated no significant local sources in the study areas. Further, results showed that the sampling at the fixed monitoring site may under- or over-estimate air pollutant levels in a "hot spot" area, suggesting that the "spatial saturation sampling" is necessary for conducting accurate assessment of air pollution and personal exposure in a community with a high density of sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Zhu
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Zhihua (Tina) Fan
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Qingyu Meng
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Sheng-wei Wang
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Xiaogang Tang
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | | | - Panos Georgopoulos
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, USA
| | - Linda Bonanno
- The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, USA
| | - Joann Held
- Air Toxics Analysis Services, Pennington, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Lioy
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ (UMDNJ), USA
- UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
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Buzzelli M. Bourdieu does environmental justice? Probing the linkages between population health and air pollution epidemiology. Health Place 2007; 13:3-13. [PMID: 16271498 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The environmental justice literature faces a number of conceptual and methodological shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to probe ways in which these shortcomings can be remedied via recent developments in related literatures: population health and air pollution epidemiology. More sophisticated treatment of social structure, particularly if based on Pierre Bourdieu's relational approach to forms of capital, can be combined with the methodological rigour and established biological pathways of air pollution epidemiology. The aim is to reformulate environmental justice research in order to make further meaningful contributions to the wider movement concerned with issues of social justice and equity in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buzzelli
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Maclachlan JC, Jerrett M, Abernathy T, Sears M, Bunch MJ. Mapping health on the internet: a new tool for environmental justice and public health research. Health Place 2006; 13:72-86. [PMID: 16527510 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the prospects for integrating Internet platform GIS or 'web-GIS' into environmental justice and related public health research. Specifically, we document the development of a web-GIS created for investigating relationships between health, air quality and socioeconomic factors in Hamilton, Canada. After development of the web-GIS site, we assembled a focus group of public health professionals to test functionality and render opinions about the potential of the site and geographic information in their program implementation. Results show overwhelming support for the further integration of GIS into public health practice. The results also underscore the potential of web-GIS to alleviate concerns of cost and data availability that often limit the use of GIS in community debates centred on environmental justice issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Maclachlan
- McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Hamilton, Ont, Canada.
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Jerrett M, Finkelstein M. Geographies of risk in studies linking chronic air pollution exposure to health outcomes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:1207-42. [PMID: 16024499 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590936085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses the question of how to incorporate spatial processes into the assessment of chronic health effects from air pollution exposure. An analytic framework is developed around three related concepts: (1) the geography of susceptibility; (2) the geography of exposure; and (3) points of intersection between these two, termed the geography of risk. The article discusses how each concept encompasses many lower level issues such as meteorological dispersion of pollutants, time-space activity patterns, and population distributions of susceptible individuals in time and space. A key premise is that researchers should target studies with high degrees of overlap between geographies of exposure and susceptibility. Instances where the overlap remains incomplete, or systematically biased, usually produce attenuated or unreliable risk estimates, and some of this discordance may find expression in spatially autocorrelated residuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jerrett
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Geography, Division of Biostatistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Krewski D, Burnett R, Jerrett M, Pope CA, Rainham D, Calle E, Thurston G, Thun M. Mortality and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution: ongoing analyses based on the American Cancer Society cohort. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:1093-109. [PMID: 16024490 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590935941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of previous analysis and reanalysis of the American Cancer Society (ACS) cohort, along with an indication of current ongoing analyses of the cohort with additional follow-up information through to 2000. Results of the first analysis conducted by Pope et al. (1995) showed that higher average sulfate levels were associated with increased mortality, particularly from cardiopulmonary disease. A reanalysis of the ACS cohort, undertaken by Krewski et al. (2000), found the original risk estimates for fine-particle and sulfate air pollution to be highly robust against alternative statistical techniques and spatial modeling approaches. A detailed investigation of covariate effects found a significant modifying effect of education with risk of mortality associated with fine particles declining with increasing educational attainment. Pope et al. (2002) subsequently reported results of a subsequent study using an additional 10 yr of follow-up of the ACS cohort. This updated analysis included gaseous copollutant and new fine-particle measurements, more comprehensive information on occupational exposures, dietary variables, and the most recent developments in statistical modeling integrating random effects and nonparametric spatial smoothing into the Cox proportional hazards model. Robust associations between ambient fine particulate air pollution and elevated risks of cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality were clearly evident, providing the strongest evidence to date that long-term exposure to fine particles is an important health risk. Current ongoing analysis using the extended follow-up information will explore the role of ecologic, economic, and, demographic covariates in the particulate air pollution and mortality association. This analysis will also provide insight into the role of spatial autocorrelation at multiple geographic scales, and whether critical instances in time of exposure to fine particles influence the risk of mortality from cardiopulmonary and lung cancer. Information on the influence of covariates at multiple scales and of critical exposure time windows can assist policymakers in establishing timelines for regulatory interventions that maximize population health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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