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Zelenchuk PA, Tsybulin VG. The Ideal Free Distribution in a Predator–Prey Model with Multifactor Taxis. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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The generalized ideal free distribution model: Merging current ideal free distribution models into a central framework. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hammond JI, Luttbeg B, Brodin T, Sih A. Spatial scale influences the outcome of the predator-prey space race between tadpoles and predatory dragonflies. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ruokolainen L, Abrams PA, McCann KS, Shuter BJ. The roles of spatial heterogeneity and adaptive movement in stabilizing (or destabilizing) simple metacommunities. J Theor Biol 2011; 291:76-87. [PMID: 21945147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive consumer movement and between-patch heterogeneity have both been suggested to reduce population fluctuations in spatially subdivided systems. These conjectures are explored using models of two-patch consumer-resource systems with fitness dependent consumer movement and cyclic dynamics in at least one of the patches; neither conjecture applies generally to such systems. Under relatively low heterogeneity, highly accurate and rapid adaptive movement most often increases both the between-patch correlation of density and the variation in the total density of both species compared to a similar system having a low rate of random movement. However, such adaptive movement can decrease between-patch correlation and global population variability when (1) the consumer's movement is moderately sensitive to fitness differences and heterogeneity is relatively low, or (2) one of the patches would be stable in isolation, and the stable patch supports a sufficiently large consumer population. In both cases, the dynamics are typically either a stable equilibrium or a simple anti-phase cycle with low variation in total population size. Under adaptive movement, population variability is often lowest for intermediate levels of heterogeneity, but monotonic increases or decreases with increasing spatial heterogeneity are possible, depending on the fitness sensitivity of movement and how the characteristic that differs between patches affects within-patch stability and population size. High rates of random movement can lead to greater stability than adaptive movement when consumers are very efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G5
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Blackburn HB, Hobbs NT, Detling JK. Nonlinear responses to food availability shape effects of habitat fragmentation on consumers. Ecology 2011; 92:98-107. [PMID: 21560680 DOI: 10.1890/10-0637.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation of landscapes is a pervasive source of environmental change. Although understanding the effects of fragmentation has occupied ecologists for decades, there remain important gaps in our understanding of the way that fragmentation influences mobile organisms. In particular, there is little tested theory explaining the way that fragmentation shapes interactions between consumers and resources. We propose a simple model that explains why fragmentation may harm consumers even when the total amount of resources on the landscape they use remains unchanged. In particular, we show that nonlinearity in the relationship between resource availability and benefits acquired by consumers from resources can cause a decrease in benefits to consumers when landscapes are subdivided into isolated parts and when the distribution of consumers in fragments is not matched to the distribution of resources. We tested predictions of the model using a laboratory system of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) larvae on artificial landscapes. Consistent with the model's predictions, survivorship of larvae decreased when landscapes with heterogeneous resources were fragmented into isolated parts. However, average mass of surviving larvae did not change in response to fragmentation. With basic knowledge of consumer resource use patterns and landscape structure, our model, supported by our experiment, contributes new understanding of the resource-mediated effects of fragmentation on consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Blackburn
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1005, USA
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Abrams PA, Ruokolainen L. How does adaptive consumer movement affect population dynamics in consumer–resource metacommunities with homogeneous patches? J Theor Biol 2011; 277:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Laundré JW. Behavioral response races, predator-prey shell games, ecology of fear, and patch use of pumas and their ungulate prey. Ecology 2011; 91:2995-3007. [PMID: 21058559 DOI: 10.1890/08-2345.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The predator-prey shell game predicts random movement of prey across the landscape, whereas the behavioral response race and landscape of fear models predict that there should be a negative relationship between the spatial distribution of a predator and its behaviorally active prey. Additionally, prey have imperfect information on the whereabouts of their predator, which the predator should incorporate in its patch use strategy. I used a one-predator-one-prey system, puma (Puma concolor)-mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to test the following predictions regarding predator-prey distribution and patch use by the predator. (1) Pumas will spend more time in high prey risk/low prey use habitat types, while deer will spend their time in low-risk habitats. Pumas should (2) select large forage patches more often, (3) remain in large patches longer, and (4) revisit individual large patches more often than individual smaller ones. I tested these predictions with an extensive telemetry data set collected over 16 years in a study area of patchy forested habitat. When active, pumas spent significantly less time in open areas of low intrinsic predation risk than did deer. Pumas used large patches more than expected, revisited individual large patches significantly more often than smaller ones, and stayed significantly longer in larger patches than in smaller ones. The results supported the prediction of a negative relationship in the spatial distribution of a predator and its prey and indicated that the predator is incorporating the prey's imperfect information about its presence. These results indicate a behavioral complexity on the landscape scale that can have far-reaching impacts on predator-prey interactions.
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Abrams PA. Implications of flexible foraging for interspecific interactions: lessons from simple models. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mougi A, Kishida O. Reciprocal phenotypic plasticity can lead to stable predator-prey interaction. J Anim Ecol 2009; 78:1172-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tracking prey or tracking the prey's resource? Mechanisms of movement and optimal habitat selection by predators. J Theor Biol 2009; 256:187-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Křivan V. The Lotka‐Volterra Predator‐Prey Model with Foraging–Predation Risk Trade‐Offs. Am Nat 2007; 170:771-82. [DOI: 10.1086/522055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abrams PA, Cressman R, Krivan V. The role of behavioral dynamics in determining the patch distributions of interacting species. Am Nat 2007; 169:505-18. [PMID: 17269114 DOI: 10.1086/511963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the behavioral dynamics of movement on the population dynamics of interacting species in multipatch systems is studied. The behavioral dynamics of habitat choice used in a range of previous models are reviewed. There is very limited empirical evidence for distinguishing between these different models, but they differ in important ways, and many lack properties that would guarantee stability of an ideal free distribution in a single-species system. The importance of finding out more about movement dynamics in multispecies systems is shown by an analysis of the effect of movement rules on the dynamics of a particular two-species-two-patch model of competition, where the population dynamical equilibrium in the absence of movement is often not a behavioral equilibrium in the presence of adaptive movement. The population dynamics of this system are explored for several different movement rules and different parameter values, producing a variety of outcomes. Other systems of interacting species that may lack a dynamically stable distribution among patches are discussed, and it is argued that such systems are not rare. The sensitivity of community properties to individual movement behavior in this and earlier studies argues that there is a great need for empirical investigation to determine the applicability of different models of the behavioral dynamics of habitat selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Abrams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Abrams PA. Habitat Choice in Predator‐Prey Systems: Spatial Instability due to Interacting Adaptive Movements. Am Nat 2007; 169:581-94. [PMID: 17427130 DOI: 10.1086/512688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of habitat choice behavior in the dynamics of predator-prey systems is explored using simple mathematical models. The models assume a three-species food chain in which each population is distributed across two or more habitats. The predator and prey adjust their locations dynamically to maximize individual per capita growth, while the prey's resource has a low rate of random movement. The two consumer species have Type II functional responses. For many parameter sets, the populations cycle, with predator and prey "chasing" each other back and forth between habitats. The cycles are driven by the aggregation of prey, which is advantageous because the predator's saturating functional response induces a short-term positive density dependence in prey fitness. The advantage of aggregation in a patch is only temporary because resources are depleted and predators move to or reproduce faster in the habitat with the largest number of prey, perpetuating the cycle. Such spatial cycling can stabilize population densities and qualitatively change the responses of population densities to environmental perturbations. These models show that the coupled processes of moving to habitats with higher fitness in predator and prey may often fail to produce ideal free distributions across habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Abrams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoology Building, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Jackson AL, Ranta E, Lundberg P, Kaitala V, Ruxton GD. Consumer-resource matching in a food chain when both predators and prey are free to move. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grand TC. Foraging‐Predation Risk Trade‐offs, Habitat Selection, and the Coexistence of Competitors. Am Nat 2002; 159:106-12. [DOI: 10.1086/324124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Diehl S, Cooper SD, Kratz KW, Nisbet RM, Roll SK, Wiseman SW, Jenkins, Jr. TM. Effects of Multiple, Predator‐Induced Behaviors on Short‐term Producer‐Grazer Dynamics in Open Systems. Am Nat 2000. [DOI: 10.1086/303390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abrams PA, Kawecki TJ. Adaptive host preference and the dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions. Theor Popul Biol 1999; 56:307-24. [PMID: 10607524 DOI: 10.1006/tpbi.1999.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Models of two independent host populations and a common parasitoid are investigated. The hosts have density-dependent population growth and only interact indirectly by their effects on parasitoid behavior and population dynamics. The parasitoid is assumed to experience a trade-off in its ability to exploit the two hosts. Three alternative types of parasitoid are investigated: (i) fixed generalists whose consumption rates are those that maximize fitness; (ii) "ideal free" parasitoids, which modify their behavior to maximize their rate of finding unparasitized hosts within a generation; and (iii) "evolving" parasitoids, whose capture rates change between generations based on quantitative genetic determination of the relative attack rates on the two hosts. The primary questions addressed are: (1) Do the different types of adaptive processes stabilize or destabilize the population dynamics? (2) Do the adaptive processes tend to equalize or to magnify differences in host densities? The models show that adaptive behavior and evolution frequently destabilize population dynamics and frequently increase the average difference between host densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Abrams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Bernstein C, Auger P, Poggiale JC. Predator Migration Decisions, the Ideal Free Distribution, and Predator‐Prey Dynamics. Am Nat 1999; 153:267-281. [DOI: 10.1086/303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lima SL. Stress and Decision Making under the Risk of Predation: Recent Developments from Behavioral, Reproductive, and Ecological Perspectives. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 880] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Rosenzweig ML, Abramsky Z. Two gerbils of the Negev: A long-term investigation of optimal habitat selection and its consequences. Evol Ecol 1997. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1018490419885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Effects of predator-specific defence on biodiversity and community complexity in two-trophic-level communities. Evol Ecol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01239343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sutherland W, Parker G. The relationship between continuous input and interference models of ideal free distributions with unequal competitors. Anim Behav 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-3472(92)90040-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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