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Wu F, Xu J, Gao T, Huang D, Jin W. Molecular mechanism of modulating miR482b level in tomato with botrytis cinerea infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34706648 PMCID: PMC8555085 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant miRNAs are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses by altering their expression levels, and they play an important role in the regulation of plant resistance to stress. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates the expression levels of miRNAs in plants with biotic and abiotic stress still needs to be explored. Previously, we found that the expression of the miR482 family was changed in tomato infected by Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we investigated and uncovered the mechanism underlying the response of miR482 to B. cinerea infection in tomato. RESULTS First, RT-qPCR was employed to detect the expression patterns of miR482b in tomato infected by B. cinerea, and results showed that miR482b primary transcripts (pri-miR482b) were up-regulated in B. cinerea-infected leaves, but the mature miR482b was down-regulated. Subsequently, we used rapid amplification cDNA end method to amplify the full-length of pri-miR482b. Result showed that the pri-miR482b had two isoforms, with the longer one (consisting 300 bp) having an extra fragment of 53 bp in the 3'-end compared with the shorter one. In vitro Dicer assay indicated that the longer isoform pri-miR482b-x1 had higher efficiency in the post-transcriptional splicing of miRNA than the shorter isoform pri-miR482b-x2. In addition, the transcription level of mature miR482b was much higher in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing pri-miR482b-x1 than that in OE pri-miR482b-x2 Arabidopsis. These results confirmed that this extra 53 bp in pri-miR482b-x1 might play a key role in the miR482b biogenesis of post-transcription processing. CONCLUSIONS Extra 53 bp in pri-miR482b-x1 enhanced miR482b biogenesis, which elevated the transcription level of miR482b. This study clarified the response of miR482 to B. cinerea infection in tomato, thereby helping us further understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression levels of other miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
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Huang Y, Sun C, Guan X, Lian S, Li B, Wang C. Butylated Hydroxytoluene Induced Resistance Against Botryosphaeria dothidea in Apple Fruit. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:599062. [PMID: 33519739 PMCID: PMC7840594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important disease in China, which leads to serious economic losses during storage. Plant activators are compounds that induce resistance against pathogen infection and are considered as a promising alternative strategy to traditional chemical treatment. In the present study, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a potential plant activator, was evaluated for its induced resistance against B. dothidea in postharvest apple fruits. The physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in induced resistance were also explored. The results showed that BHT treatment could trigger strong resistance in apple fruits against B. dothidea, and the optimum concentration was 200 μmol L–1 by immersion of fruits. BHT treatment significantly increased the activities of four defensive enzymes and alleviated lipid peroxidation by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, salicylic acid (SA) content was enhanced by BHT treatment as well as the expression of three SA biosynthesis-related genes (MdSID2, MdPAD4, and MdEDS1) and two defense genes (MdPR1 and MdPR5). Our results suggest that BHT-conferred resistance against B. dothidea might be mainly through increasing the activities of defense-related enzymes and activating SA signaling pathway, which may provide an alternative strategy to control apple ring rot in postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuicui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Ghareeb H, El-Sayed M, Pound M, Tetyuk O, Hanika K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Lipka V. Quantitative Hormone Signaling Output Analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana Interactions With Virulent and Avirulent Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Isolates at Single-Cell Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603693. [PMID: 33240308 PMCID: PMC7677359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) are central regulators of biotic and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we generated modular fluorescent protein-based reporter lines termed COLORFUL-PR1pro, -VSP2pro, and -PDF1.2apro. These feature hormone-controlled nucleus-targeted transcriptional output sensors and the simultaneous constitutive expression of spectrally separated nuclear reference and plasma membrane-localized reporters. This set-up allowed the study of cell-type specific hormone activities, cellular viability and microbial invasion. Moreover, we developed a software-supported high-throughput confocal microscopy imaging protocol for output quantification to resolve the spatio-temporal dynamics of respective hormonal signaling activities at single-cell resolution. Proof-of-principle analyses in A. thaliana leaves revealed distinguished hormone sensitivities in mesophyll, epidermal pavement and stomatal guard cells, suggesting cell type-specific regulatory protein activities. In plant-microbe interaction studies, we found that virulent and avirulent Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) isolates exhibit different invasion dynamics and induce spatio-temporally distinct hormonal activity signatures. On the cellular level, these hormone-controlled reporter signatures demarcate the nascent sites of Hpa entry and progression, and highlight initiation, transduction and local containment of immune signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghareeb
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Pound
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Tetyuk
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hanika
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Skelton JJ, Simpson DM, Peterson MA, Riechers DE. Biokinetic Analysis and Metabolic Fate of 2,4-D in 2,4-D-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5847-5859. [PMID: 28650629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The Enlist weed control system allows the use of 2,4-D in soybean but slight necrosis in treated leaves may be observed in the field. The objectives of this research were to measure and compare uptake, translocation, and metabolism of 2,4-D in Enlist (E, resistant) and non-AAD-12 transformed (NT, sensitive) soybeans. The adjuvant from the Enlist Duo herbicide formulation (ADJ) increased 2,4-D uptake (36%) and displayed the fastest rate of uptake (U50= 0.2 h) among treatments. E soybean demonstrated a faster rate of 2,4-D metabolism (M50= 0.2 h) compared to NT soybean, but glyphosate did not affect 2,4-D metabolism. Metabolites of 2,4-D in E soybean were qualitatively different than NT. Applying 2,4-D-ethylhexyl ester instead of 2,4-D choline (a quaternary ammonium salt) eliminated visual injury to E soybean, likely due to the time required for initial de-esterification and bioactivation. Excessive 2,4-D acid concentrations in E soybean resulting from ADJ-increased uptake may significantly contribute to foliar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Skelton
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David M Simpson
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Mark A Peterson
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Dean E Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Schweizer F, Bodenhausen N, Lassueur S, Masclaux FG, Reymond P. Differential Contribution of Transcription Factors to Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Against Spodoptera littoralis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:13. [PMID: 23382734 PMCID: PMC3563046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to insect herbivory, Arabidopsis plants activate the synthesis of the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine, which binds to a complex consisting of the receptor COI1 and JAZ repressors. Upon proteasome-mediated JAZ degradation, basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (TFs) MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 become activated and this results in the expression of defense genes. Although the jasmonate (JA) pathway is known to be essential for the massive transcriptional reprogramming that follows herbivory, there is however little information on other TFs that are required for defense against herbivores and whether they contribute significantly to JA-dependent defense gene expression. By transcriptome profiling, we identified 41 TFs that were induced in response to herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis. Among them, nine genes, including WRKY18, WRKY40, ANAC019, ANAC055, ZAT10, ZAT12, AZF2, ERF13, and RRTF1, were found to play a significant role in resistance to S. littoralis herbivory. Compared to the triple mutant myc234 that is as sensitive as coi1-1 to herbivory, knockout lines of these nine TFs were only partially more sensitive to S. littoralis but, however, some displayed distinct gene expression changes at the whole-genome level. Data thus reveal that MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are master regulators of Arabidopsis resistance to a generalist herbivore and identify new genes involved in insect defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Bodenhausen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric G. Masclaux
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Philippe Reymond, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. e-mail:
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Mathys J, De Cremer K, Timmermans P, Van Kerckhove S, Lievens B, Vanhaecke M, Cammue BPA, De Coninck B. Genome-Wide Characterization of ISR Induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma hamatum T382 Against Botrytis cinerea Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:108. [PMID: 22661981 PMCID: PMC3362084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the molecular basis of the induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma hamatum T382 against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea B05-10 was unraveled by microarray analysis both before (ISR-prime) and after (ISR-boost) additional pathogen inoculation. The observed high numbers of differentially expressed genes allowed us to classify them according to the biological pathways in which they are involved. By focusing on pathways instead of genes, a holistic picture of the mechanisms underlying ISR emerged. In general, a close resemblance is observed between ISR-prime and systemic acquired resistance, the systemic defense response that is triggered in plants upon pathogen infection leading to increased resistance toward secondary infections. Treatment with T. hamatum T382 primes the plant (ISR-prime), resulting in an accelerated activation of the defense response against B. cinerea during ISR-boost and a subsequent moderation of the B. cinerea induced defense response. Microarray results were validated for representative genes by qRT-PCR. The involvement of various defense-related pathways was confirmed by phenotypic analysis of mutants affected in these pathways, thereby proving the validity of our approach. Combined with additional anthocyanin analysis data these results all point to the involvement of the phenylpropanoid pathway in T. hamatum T382-induced ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janick Mathys
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
| | - Kaat De Cremer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
| | - Pieter Timmermans
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Bart Lievens
- Scientia Terrae Research InstituteSint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Consortium for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (CIMB), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven AssociationSint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Mieke Vanhaecke
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
| | - Bruno P. A. Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenHeverlee, Belgium
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Verhage A, Vlaardingerbroek I, Raaymakers C, Van Dam NM, Dicke M, Van Wees SCM, Pieterse CMJ. Rewiring of the Jasmonate Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis during Insect Herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:47. [PMID: 22645537 PMCID: PMC3355780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses against insect herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens are differentially regulated by different branches of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) MYC2 and the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain TF ORA59 antagonistically control these distinct branches of the JA pathway. Feeding by larvae of the specialist insect herbivore Pieris rapae activated MYC2 transcription and stimulated expression of the MYC2-branch marker gene VSP2, while it suppressed transcription of ORA59 and the ERF-branch marker gene PDF1.2. Mutant jin1 and jar1-1 plants, which are impaired in the MYC2-branch of the JA pathway, displayed a strongly enhanced expression of both ORA59 and PDF1.2 upon herbivory, indicating that in wild-type plants the MYC2-branch is prioritized over the ERF-branch during insect feeding. Weight gain of P. rapae larvae in a no-choice setup was not significantly affected, but in a two-choice setup the larvae consistently preferred jin1 and jar1-1 plants, in which the ERF-branch was activated, over wild-type Col-0 plants, in which the MYC2-branch was induced. In MYC2- and ORA59-impaired jin1-1/RNAi-ORA59 plants this preference was lost, while in ORA59-overexpressing 35S:ORA59 plants it was gained, suggesting that the herbivores were stimulated to feed from plants that expressed the ERF-branch rather than that they were deterred by plants that expressed the MYC2-branch. The feeding preference of the P. rapae larvae could not be linked to changes in glucosinolate levels. Interestingly, application of larval oral secretion into wounded leaf tissue stimulated the ERF-branch of the JA pathway, suggesting that compounds in the oral secretion have the potential to manipulate the plant response toward the caterpillar-preferred ERF-regulated branch of the JA response. Our results suggest that by activating the MYC2-branch of the JA pathway, plants prevent stimulation of the ERF-branch by the herbivore, thereby becoming less attractive to the attacker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan Verhage
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ido Vlaardingerbroek
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ciska Raaymakers
- Multitrophic Interactions, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. Van Dam
- Multitrophic Interactions, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands
- Ecogenomics, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. M. Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems GenomicsWageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Corné M. J. Pieterse, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. e-mail:
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