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Al-Wahadni A, Dkmak MSF, Almohammed S, Hatamleh MM, Tabanjah A. Fracture strength of anterior cantilever resin-bonded fixed partial dentures fabricated from high translucency zirconia with different intaglio surface treatments. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:358-366. [PMID: 37114526 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the fracture resistance and failure modes of anterior cantilever resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) fabricated from high translucency zirconia with different intaglio surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sound-extracted canines (N = 50) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) to be restored with high translucency zirconia RBFBDs of different intaglio surface treatments. The RBFPD was designed using exocad software and fabricated using a CAM milling machine. The RBFPDs were treated differently: abrasion with 50 µm alumina particles (Group 1); abrasion with 30 µm silica-coated alumina particles (Group 2); abrasion with silica-coated alumina particles (30 µm) and silane application (Group 3); abrasion with silica-coated alumina particles (30 µm) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) primer application (Group 4); abrasion with silica-coated alumina particles (30 µm) and silane, and 10-MDP primer application. All RBFPDs were cemented using dual-cured resin cement. The RBFPDs underwent 6000 thermal cycles with distilled water at 5/55°C for 2 min per cycle and then mechanical cyclic loading with 1200,000 cycles of 50 N at a 1.7 Hz frequency at an angle of 135° to the abutment's long axis. Then, RBFPDs were loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min. Maximum fracture forces and failure modes were recorded. Fractured specimens and uncemented specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc tests at p < 0.05. RESULTS Mean fracture load results showed a statistically significant difference between the research groups (p < 0.0001) and it ranged from 69.78 to 584 N. Group 4 exhibited the highest fracture load mean (p < 0.0001) which was significantly different from all other groups. Group 2 recorded a significantly higher fracture load mean than Group 3 (p = 0.029). Three modes of failure were observed: prosthesis debonding, prosthesis fracture, and abutment fracture. CONCLUSIONS Abrasion of zirconia surface with 30 µm silica-coated alumina particles and application of 10-MDP primer yielded the highest mean fracture loads of monolithic high translucency zirconia RBFPD. The mode of fracture of the RBFPDs was influenced by the type of surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Al-Wahadni
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Saleh Almohammed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhanad M Hatamleh
- Consultant Clinical Scientist, London, UK
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Luminus Technical University College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abedelmalek Tabanjah
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Borouziniat A, Majidinia S, Shirazi AS, Kahnemuee F. Comparison of bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:113-125. [PMID: 38463466 PMCID: PMC10923229 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_225_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically compare the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia. The PubMed, ISI (all), and Scopus databases were searched for the selected keywords up to November 1, 2021, without date or language restrictions. In vitro studies comparing the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia were eligible for inclusion in the study. The selected articles were divided into four groups based on the type of resin cement and the storage time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Biostat Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2 (α = 0.05). The effect of conventional cement ( Glass Ionomer (GI), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) and zinc phosphate) was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The initial search yielded 376 articles, of which 26 were selected after a methodological assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The results showed that the immediate or delay bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia has no significant difference with the bond strength of self-etch resin cement to zirconia. The immediate and delay bond strength of total-etch cement-zirconia was significantly lower than that of self-adhesive cement-zirconia (P = 0.00). A descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia was significantly higher than total-etch cement. The results of the meta-analysis showed that both self-adhesive and self-etch resin cement (if applied according to their manufacturer's instruction) are suitable for bonding to zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Borouziniat
- Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Majidinia
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarraf Shirazi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kahnemuee
- Department of Orthodontics, Zahedan Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
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Rigos AE, Sarafidou K, Kontonasaki E. Zirconia bond strength durability following artificial aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:138-159. [PMID: 37274447 PMCID: PMC10238491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study systematically reviewed the literature regarding the bond strength durability of zirconia ceramics to resin-based luting cements after application of different bonding protocols and aging conditions. Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for relevant literature published between January 1st 2015 and November 15th 2022. Ninety-three (93) English language in-vitro studies were included. The percentage of the mean bond strength change was recorded prior to and after artificial aging, and the weighted mean values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Bonding protocols were classified based on the combination of MDP/non-MDP containing cement/primer and surface pretreatment, as well as the level of artificial aging performed. Alumina sandblasting (SA) was identified as the most frequently used surface pre-treatment while an insufficient number of studies was identified for each category of alternative surface treatments. The combination of MDP cement with tribochemical silica coating (TSC) or SA yielded more durable results after aging, while the application of SA and TSC improved bond durability when a non-MDP cement and a non-MDP primer were used. TSC may lead to increased bond durability compared to SA, whereas MDP cements may act similarly when combined with SA or TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios E. Rigos
- Resident, Graduate Prosthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katia Sarafidou
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sevilla P, Gseibat M, Peláez J, Suárez MJ, López-Suárez C. Effect of Surface Treatments with Low-Pressure Plasma on the Adhesion of Zirconia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6055. [PMID: 37687747 PMCID: PMC10488541 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-pressure plasma on the contact angle, shear bond strength (SBS), and the failure mode of zirconia ceramic. Zirconia specimens were divided into three groups according to the surface treatment methods as follows: sandblasting with aluminum oxide (ZR-C), sandblasting with aluminum oxide and oxygen plasma (ZR-CP), and argon plasma (ZR-P). The contact angle, SBS, and surface characteristics were tested after thermocycling. Data analysis was made using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Plasma treatment significantly reduced the contact angle (p < 0.001) with the lowest value for the Zr-P group. An increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon was observed on the zirconia surface in both plasma groups. For the SBS, there were significant differences among the groups (p < 0.018), the Zr-CP group showing the highest bond strength. Mixed failures were the most frequent. Plasma treatment was effective in increasing the wettability, increasing the oxygen/carbon ratio without changing zirconia surface morphology. The sandblasting plus plasma with oxygen group exhibited the highest bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús Peláez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buco-facial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.); (M.G.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - María J. Suárez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buco-facial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.S.); (M.G.); (C.L.-S.)
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Chatterjee N, Ghosh A. Current scenario on adhesion to zirconia; surface pretreatments and resin cements: A systematic review. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:13-20. [PMID: 36510943 PMCID: PMC8884347 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_478_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed to increase bonding of zirconia with resin. However, we are still to find the Holy Grail. A systematic literature review was performed through PubMed on international literature from January 2000 to May 2021 with relevant Medical Subject Headings terms. 56 articles were found to be relevant. Of all the different methods proposed, mechanochemical pretreatment of zirconia surface with alumina oxide and use of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate were found to be most effective as per majority of studies. New methods that require further research also surfaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Chatterjee
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nirmalya Chatterjee, Eden Royale, Flat 3B, 1588 Nayabad Avenue, Kolkata - 700 094, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Klaisiri A, Krajangta N, Thamrongananskul N. The Durability of Zirconia/Resin Composite Shear Bond Strength using Different Functional Monomer of Universal Adhesives. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:756-760. [PMID: 34902875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of different functional monomers in universal adhesives on zirconia/resin composite bond strength both before and after thermocycling. Four universal adhesives (G-premio bond universal, GPU; Clearfil Tri-S bond universal, CTB; Optibond Universal, OBU; Tetric N-bond universal; TNU), one adhesive (single bond 2; SB2), and one ceramic primer (Clearfil ceramic primer plus, CCP) were used in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia discs were prepared and embedded in acrylic. Specimens were polished and sandblasted with alumina. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups (24 hours and the thermocycled), and each group was divided into six subgroups (n = 10), according to zirconia surfaces treatments: no Tx, CCP + SB2, GPU, CTB, OBU, TNU. An Ultradent mold was located on top of the treated zirconia surface. The resin composite was filled into the mold and then light-cured. A universal testing device was used to determine the shear bond strength. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS After water storage for 24 hours, the shear bond strengths were GPU > CCP + SB2 = CTB = OBU = TNU > no Tx (p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths were CCP + SB2 = GPU = CTB = TNU > OBU > no Tx (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The universal adhesives containing 10-MDP exhibited the best performance in the shear bond strength of the zirconia/resin composite interface both before and after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Krajangta
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yahyazadehfar N, Azimi Zavaree M, Shayegh SS, Yahyazadehfar M, Hooshmand T, Hakimaneh SMR. Effect of different surface treatments on surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of dental zirconia. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:210-218. [PMID: 34712413 PMCID: PMC8538149 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Interfacial failures at the cement‒restoration interface highlights the importance of effective surface treatment with no adverse effect on the zirconia’s mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of different surface treatments on dental graded zirconia’s surface roughness and certain mechanical properties.
Methods. Forty sintered zirconia specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): control (no surface treatment), sandblasting (SA), grinding with diamond bur (GB), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (LS). Following surface treatment, the surface roughness and surface topography of the specimens were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted. In addition, the biaxial flexural strengths of specimens were evaluated. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests; the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between either volumetric percentage of monoclinic phase or roughness and flexural strength of specimens (α=0.05).
Results. The GB group exhibited significantly greater surface roughness compared to the other groups (P < 0.005). The LS and control groups exhibited a significantly lower volumetric percentage of the monoclinic phase (P < 0.001) than the GB and SA treatments. The SA group exhibited significantly higher flexural strength than the control (P = 0.02) and GB groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Weibull analysis for the LS showed higher reliability for the flexural strength than other treatments.
Conclusion. Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment, with the lowest extent of phase transformation and reliable flexural strength, can be a promising choice for surface treatment of zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niknaz Yahyazadehfar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi Zavaree
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tabassom Hooshmand
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kitani J, Komine F, Kusaba K, Nakase D, Ito K, Matsumura H. Effect of firing procedures and layering thickness of porcelain on internal adaptation of zirconia cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:333-338. [PMID: 34544942 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the influence of firing procedures and layering thickness of porcelain on internal adaptation of maxillary anterior cantilever zirconia resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs). METHODS The maxillary right central incisor on a model was prepared for a single-retainer zirconia RBFDP. A total of 36 frameworks of cantilever zirconia RBFDPs were classified into three groups (CB0.5, CB1.0, and CB2.0 groups) based on the thickness of the cut-back on the facial surface (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively). Feldspathic porcelain was layered onto the facial surface of the zirconia RBFDP frameworks. Internal space widths between the abutment tooth and the framework were measured before and after porcelain firing by a replica technique. The internal space values before and after porcelain firings were compared using the paired t-test within the same group (α = 0.05). Differences in internal space values (distortion) between before and after porcelain firing were compared using one-way analysis of varianc e and Tukey multiple comparison tests. RESULTS For all framework designs, internal space values after porcelain firing were significantly higher than those before firing. Among all groups, the CB0.5 group showed the lowest internal distortion values for the whole measured area. The CB2.0 group showed higher distortion values than the CB1.0 group. CONCLUSIONS Porcelain firing procedures negatively impacted the internal space in cantilever zirconia RBFDPs. In addition, the increased volume of layering porcelain had a negative effect on the internal distortion of ma xillary anterior cantilever zirconia RBFDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kitani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
| | - Futoshi Komine
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
| | - Kosuke Kusaba
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
| | - Daishi Nakase
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
| | - Keigo Ito
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
| | - Hideo Matsumura
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo
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Adhesion to Zirconia: A Systematic Review of Surface Pretreatments and Resin Cements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112751. [PMID: 34067501 PMCID: PMC8196946 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate the different pretreatments of the zirconia surface and resin cement in order to determine a valid operative protocol for adhesive cementation. Methodologies conducted for this study followed the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. An electronic search was performed in four databases. The established focus question was: “What type of surface conditioning method is the one that obtains the best adhesion values to zirconia over time by applying a resin cement?” Forty-five relevant papers were found to qualify for final inclusion. In total, 260 different surface pretreatment methods, mainly combinations of air-abrasion protocols and adhesive promoters, were investigated. Altogether, the use of two artificial aging methods, three types of cement and four testing methods was reported. The results showed that mechanicochemical surface pretreatments offered the best adhesive results. Self-adhesive cement and those containing 10-MDP obtained the best results in adhesion to zirconia. Artificial aging reduced adhesion, so storage in water for 30 days or thermocycling for 5000 cycles is recommended. A standardized adhesive protocol has not been established due to a lack of evidence
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Zhang CY, Yu H, Tong XW, Cheng H. Bonding to zirconia: Effects of translucency and cusp inclinations using an experimental methodology. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:298-302. [PMID: 33896888 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of translucency and cusp inclination on the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of zirconia to self-adhesive resin cement (SARC).Methods Sixty U-shaped zirconia specimens with 1.0 mm thickness consisting of three planes (0°, 20°, and 30°) simulating different cusp inclinations were fabricated from zirconia blocks of high, moderate, and low translucency (n=20). SARC was bonded to the specimen and light-cured for 40 s. The µSBS was tested using a universal testing machine with a cross-head at a speed of 0.5 mm/min and fracture mode was observed using a stereomicroscope (×50). Two-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test was used for the statistical analyses (α=0.05).Results Varied µSBS values were found in the test groups (7.1-14.9 MPa). Within the zirconia of the same translucency, the µSBS value of the plane 0° specimen was significantly higher than that of the 20° and 30° planes (all p<0.05). Within the zirconia of the same cusp inclination, the µSBS value of highly translucent zirconia was significantly higher than that of moderate and low translucent zirconia (all p<0.05). There was no significant interaction between cusp inclination and translucency (p=0.525). Among the fracture modes, 83.33% were adhesive failure, 11.11% mixed failure, and 5.56% were cohesive failure.Conclusions Translucency and cusp inclination significantly affect the µSBS of zirconia to SARC. The higher the translucency, the greater are the µSBS values; the higher the cusp inclination, the lower are the µSBS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University. Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University. Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Wen Tong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University. Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Province, P. R. China
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Levartovsky S, Cartier L, Brand M, Blasbalg JJ, Pilo R. The Retentive Strength of Zirconium Oxide Crowns Cemented by Self-Adhesive Resin Cements before and after 6 Months of Aging. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183998. [PMID: 32917039 PMCID: PMC7559412 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the retentive strength of zirconium oxide (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP)) crown-copings treated by combined mechanical and chemical treatments and cemented by four types of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) to human prepared teeth, before and after six months of aging in water and thermocycling. A total of 120 molar teeth were mounted, prepared using a standardized protocol and digitally scanned, and Y-TZP copings were produced. Teeth were randomly assigned to four SARC groups. Prior to cementation, the intaglio surfaces of all crowns were sandblasted and then coated with Z-Prime™ Plus (Bisco Dental, Schaumburg, IL, USA). Post cementation, each cement group was subdivided into aged and non-aged groups. After aging, the cemented assemblies were tested for retentive strength using a universal testing machine. Failure analysis was conducted by inspecting all matched debonded surfaces of the teeth and crowns at 3× magnification. Aging treatment did not affect the retentive strength of the Y-TZP crown-copings (p = 0.918). The interaction between cement and aging was statistically significant (p = 0.024). No significant differences in the retentive strengths between the different SARCs were observed pre-aging (p = 0.776), whereas post-aging, Panavia SA (PAN; Kuraray Dental Co Ltd., Osaka, Japan) showed significantly higher strength than RelyX U-200 (RU200; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). The predominant failure mode was adhesive between the cement and dentin, followed by mixed mode failure.
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