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Afkhami F, Rostami G, Xu C, Peters OA. The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: clinical and radiographic outcomes. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38486157 PMCID: PMC10938664 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of vital pulp therapy (VPT) is to preserve the integrity and function of the pulp. A wide variety of materials and techniques have been proposed to improve treatment outcomes, and among them, the utilization of lasers has gained significant attention. The application of lasers in different stages of VPT has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, surpassing previous approaches.This study aimed to review the applications of lasers in different steps of VPT and evaluate associated clinical and radiographic outcomes. An electronic search using Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2023 was carried out by two independent researchers. The focus was on human studies that examined the clinical and/or radiographic effects of different laser types in VPT. A total of 4243 studies were included in this narrative review article. Based on the compiled data, it can be concluded that although current literature suggests laser may be proposed as an adjunct modality for some procedural steps in VPT, more research with standardized methodologies and criteria is needed to obtain more reliable and conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Afkhami F, Rostami G, Xu C, Walsh LJ, Peters OA. The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: a review of histological effects. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:215. [PMID: 37733149 PMCID: PMC10514114 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is primarily intended to preserve the vitality of pulp tissues, which have been exposed for any reason. Various materials and techniques have been proposed to improve treatment outcomes, including the use of lasers. This study aimed to review the histological results of different dental lasers including low-level lasers, carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and diode lasers for VPT. This focused review included a comprehensive electronic search of Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2022 by two independent investigators. Different combinations of keywords were used, and reference mining of related papers was done. The review included studies related to histologic evaluation of laser-assisted vital pulp therapy that stated the laser parameters that were used. Articles with radiographic or clinical assessments or articles lacking necessary data were excluded. Non-English articles were excluded unless their abstract was in English and encompassed the necessary data. Most studies indicated the efficacy of lasers for reduction of inflammation, acceleration of healing, and increasing the thickness of dentinal bridge. According to the evidence, lasers used in combination with pulp capping agents are beneficial to enhance the success rate of VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Golriz Rostami
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Juniarti DE, Kunarti S, Mardiyah AA, Purniati NMD. Biomodulator of Diode Laser Irradiation on Odontoblast-Like Cells by Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:706-712. [PMID: 35817088 PMCID: PMC10569874 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to prove that the effect of diode laser 650-nm irradiation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays important roles in dental pulp-regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and revascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was performed by randomized posttest only control group design using Rattus norvegicus. A total of 48 samples were provided and divided into eight groups of 6 samples each with a random-sample allocation. Each group were prepared, and perforation of maxillary first molar were done. In control groups (groups 1-4), glass ionomer cement (GIC) was used to restore the teeth, while in laser groups (groups 5-8), the teeth were irradiated with diode laser 650 nm for 40 seconds before application of GIC. Half of the groups (groups 1, 2, 5, and 6) were necropsied in 7 days, and the rest (groups 3, 4, 7, and 8) were necropsied in 14 days. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were implemented to check the expression of both VEGF-A and TGF-β1. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Both data of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 expression were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) with SPSS statistical software. RESULTS The study showed that the diode laser 650-nm irradiation increased expression of VEGF-A and TGF-β1, and there was a significant difference between diode laser and control group on VEGF-A expression (p = 0.001) and TGF- β1 (p = 0.000) on days 7 and 14. CONCLUSION Diode laser 650 nm with 40-second irradiation time shows increment from day 7 to day 14 reflecting increase in pulp healing by modulating VEGF-A and TGF-β1 expression since days 7 to 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi E. Juniarti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Kunarti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andi A. Mardiyah
- Specialist Program of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ni M. D. Purniati
- Specialist Program of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Alsofi L, Khalil W, Binmadi NO, Al-Habib MA, Alharbi H. Pulpal and periapical tissue response after direct pulp capping with endosequence root repair material and low-level laser application. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35246103 PMCID: PMC8895576 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to investigate the pulp and periapical reaction and healing after capping with EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) combined with low-level laser application. Methods In 6 rabbits, pulps were exposed via class V, half of the samples received a low-level diode laser at 980 nm. Thereafter, cavities were capped with regular-set ERRM. The specimens were processed for histomorphological examination after 2 weeks and two months. Results After 2 weeks, images show mild inflammation and organized odontoblasts in lased group. The non-lased group shows more severe inflammation. The predentin thickness was thicker in the lased group with statistical significance (p < 0.05). After 2 months, inflammatory cells were sparse in both lased and non-lased groups. In the periapical area, group one showed dilated blood vessels and thick fibrous connective tissues. In group two, there were more numerous maturations of PDL fibers with scattered inflammatory cells and congested blood vessel. Conclusions Using low-level laser therapy in combination with ERRM for pulp capping shortens the inflammatory phase and enhances healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada O Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mey A Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alharbi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Conservative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Alharbi H, Khalil W, Alsofi L, Binmadi N, Elnahas A. The effect of low-level laser on the quality of dentin barrier after capping with bioceramic material: A histomorphometric analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:27-37. [PMID: 35229961 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the quality of dentin barriers and pulp reaction to EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) combined with low-level laser application. In eight dogs, pulps were exposed via class V, half of the samples received low-level diode laser at 870 nm. Thereafter, cavities were capped with fast-set or regular-set ERRM. The specimens were processed for histomorphological and immunohistochemical examination after 2 weeks and 2 months. Dentin bridges were observed in all samples, and 87.5% were complete. The low-level laser group had significantly more reparative dentin area than the non-lased group (p < 0.05). The dentin bridges were found to have an unprecedented tubularity of 43%-89%. Tiny dentin island formation was observed within the material particles. Initial mild-to-moderate inflammatory reactions were observed, which subsided after 2 months. RUNX2 and osteocalcin staining were evident for all samples at both time intervals. Low-level laser combined with bioactive ERRM is effective in inducing reparative dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alharbi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Conservative Sciences, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elnahas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Wang M, Ma L, Li Q, Yang W. Efficacy of Er:YAG laser-assisted direct pulp capping in permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulp: A pilot study. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:351-357. [PMID: 32196837 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct pulp capping is a minimally invasive method to preserve pulp integrity. We evaluated the treatment efficacy of Er:YAG laser irradiation combined with direct pulp capping for pulp exposure due to caries. A total of 21 patients with 22 teeth were enrolled in the conventional group (calcium hydroxide), and 24 patients with 25 teeth were enrolled in the laser-assisted group (Er:YAG laser irradiation at settings of 10 Hz, 50 mJ; combined with calcium hydroxide). The cumulative success rate of the conventional group and the laser-assisted group was 68.2% and 91.7% at 12 months, respectively. Results showed that the laser-assisted procedure increased the survival time (β = 0.04, OR = 0.07), while proximal-occlusal cavities in molars decreased the survival time (β = 0.03, OR = 12.5). Er:YAG lasers improve the effectiveness of conventional direct pulp capping (using Dycal) with limited side-effects and can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Suzuki M, Kato C, Kawashima S, Shinkai K. Clinical and Histological Study on Direct Pulp Capping With CO 2 Laser Irradiation in Human Teeth. Oper Dent 2018; 44:336-347. [PMID: 30444691 DOI: 10.2341/18-030-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to histologically evaluate wound healing of exposed human pulp on direct pulp capping using super-pulsed CO2 laser preirradiation. In this single-blind clinical trial, 28 third molar teeth of 17 volunteers were randomly capped with either CO2 laser irradiation (n=14) or Dycal (calcium hydroxide cement; n=14) and restored using resin composite. The laser was operated in super-pulsed mode (pulse duration, 0.2 ms; interval, 5.8 ms; 0.003 J/pulse). The irradiation conditions were a power output of 0.5 W, an irradiation time of 15 seconds, repeat mode (10-ms irradiation and 10-ms intervals, for a total beam exposure time of 7.5 seconds), total applied energy of 3.75 J, and an activated air-cooling system. Each tooth was extracted at six or 12 months posttreatment and prepared for histological evaluation. We evaluated the parameters of pulp tissue disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, reparative dentin formation (RDF), and bacterial penetration. There were no significant differences between groups for all parameters at each postoperative period (Mann-Whitney U-test, p>0.05). CO2 laser irradiation completely controlled bleeding and exudate from the exposed pulp. The CO2 laser group had a tendency to delay RDF compared with the Dycal group, but 4 of 7 teeth from the CO2 laser group showed a complete dentin bridge at 12 months posttreatment.
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Suzuki M, Kato C, Kawashima S, Shinkai K. Histopathological findings of an exposed human pulp carbonised by CO 2 laser irradiation: A case report. AUST ENDOD J 2018; 45:265-273. [PMID: 30402989 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This report shows the healing process of an exposed pulp carbonised by CO2 laser irradiation prior to the application of a capping material. Six intact teeth from four volunteers were irradiated by CO2 laser and randomly capped with either an adhesive resin (SE bond) (n = 3) or calcium hydroxide-based cement (Dycal) (n = 3). The laser was operated in super-pulsed mode (power output, 0.5 W) for an irradiation time of 30 s. All cavities were restored with composite resin. Each tooth was extracted at approximately 30, 50 or 260 days post treatment and prepared for histological evaluation. CO2 laser irradiation controlled exudate and bleeding from each exposed pulp. Histological images revealed Dycal promoted complete dentine bridge formation at the carbonised pulp surface, and laser energy affected not only the pulp surface but also the deeper part of the pulp chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Suzuki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chikage Kato
- Comprehensive Dental Care Unit, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoki Kawashima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Xuedong Z, Dingming H, Jianguo L, Zhengwei H, Xin W, Deqin Y, Jin Z, Liming C, Lin Z, Yanhong L, Jiyao L. [Vital pulp therapy of damaged dental pulp]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:339-347. [PMID: 28853497 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of an expert consensus on vital pulp therapy can provide practical guidance for the improvement of pulp damage care in China. Dental pulp disease is a major type of illness that adversely affects human oral health. Pulp capping and pulpotomy are currently the main methods for vital pulp therapy. Along with the development of minimal invasion cosmetic dentistry, using different treatment technologies and materials reasonably, preserving healthy tooth tissue, and extending tooth save time have become urgent problems that call for immediate solution in dental clinics. This paper summarizes the experiences and knowledge of endodontic experts. We develop a clinical path of vital pulp therapy for clinical work by utilizing the nature, approach, and degree of pulp damage as references, defense and self-repairing ability of pulp as guidance, and modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment as means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xuedong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huang Dingming
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu Jianguo
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Huang Zhengwei
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Deqin
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Chen Liming
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhu Lin
- Tibet Branch of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Lasa 850000, China
| | - Li Yanhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650199, China
| | - Li Jiyao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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