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Afkhami F, Rostami G, Xu C, Peters OA. The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: clinical and radiographic outcomes. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38486157 PMCID: PMC10938664 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of vital pulp therapy (VPT) is to preserve the integrity and function of the pulp. A wide variety of materials and techniques have been proposed to improve treatment outcomes, and among them, the utilization of lasers has gained significant attention. The application of lasers in different stages of VPT has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, surpassing previous approaches.This study aimed to review the applications of lasers in different steps of VPT and evaluate associated clinical and radiographic outcomes. An electronic search using Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2023 was carried out by two independent researchers. The focus was on human studies that examined the clinical and/or radiographic effects of different laser types in VPT. A total of 4243 studies were included in this narrative review article. Based on the compiled data, it can be concluded that although current literature suggests laser may be proposed as an adjunct modality for some procedural steps in VPT, more research with standardized methodologies and criteria is needed to obtain more reliable and conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Budhu R, Nkosi BP, Khoza TE. Radiologists' perceptions of knowledge and training required by radiographers in the interpretation of radiographic images: An explorative study in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:457-464. [PMID: 37385913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The health sector of South Africa is burdened by the shortage of radiologists leading to the under-reporting of radiographic images and ultimately mismanagement of patients. Previous studies have recommended training of radiographers in radiographic image interpretation in order to improve the reporting. There is paucity of information regarding the knowledge and training required by radiographers to interpret radiographic images. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the knowledge and training required by diagnostic radiographers, according to radiologists, for the interpretation of radiographs. METHOD A qualitative descriptive study employing criterion sampling to select qualified radiologists practicing in the eThekwini district of the KwaZulu Natal province, was conducted. One-on-one and in-depth, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from three participants. The interviews were not carried out face to face as a result of the Covid 19 pandemic and the regulation of social distancing. This did not permit engagement with research communities. The data from the interviews were analysed using Tesch's eight steps for analysing qualitative data. RESULTS Findings revealed that radiologists supported the interpretation of radiographic images by radiographers in rural settings, and for the radiographer's scope of practice to be restructured to include the reporting of chest and the musculoskeletal system images. The themes that emerged from the analysis included knowledge, training, clinical competencies and medico-legal responsibilities required by radiographers in the interpretation of radiographic images. CONCLUSION Although the radiologists support the training of radiographers in the interpretation of radiographic images, radiologists think that the scope of practice should be limited to the interpretation of the chest and musculoskeletal systems in rural areas only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshel Budhu
- Durban University of Technology, Faculty of Health Science; Department of Radiography, Ritson Campus; Durban, 4000 KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
| | - Busisiwe Pauline Nkosi
- Durban University of Technology, Faculty of Health Science; Department of Radiography, Ritson Campus; Durban, 4000 KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Thandokuhle Emmanuel Khoza
- Durban University of Technology, Faculty of Health Science; Department of Radiography, Ritson Campus; Durban, 4000 KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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Adelsmayr G, Janisch M, Müller H, Holzinger A, Talakic E, Janek E, Streit S, Fuchsjäger M, Schöllnast H. Three dimensional computed tomography texture analysis of pulmonary lesions: Does radiomics allow differentiation between carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor and organizing pneumonia? Eur J Radiol 2023; 165:110931. [PMID: 37399666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether CT texture analysis allows differentiation between adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, carcinoids, small cell lung cancers and organizing pneumonia and between carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. METHOD This retrospective study included patients 133 patients (30 patients with organizing pneumonia, 30 patients with adenocarcinoma, 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 23 patients with small cell lung cancer, 20 patients with carcinoid), who underwent CT-guided biopsy of the lung and had a corresponding histopathologic diagnosis. Pulmonary lesions were segmented in consensus by two radiologists with and without a threshold of -50HU in three dimensions. Groupwise comparisons were performed to assess for differences between all five above-listed entities and between carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. RESULTS Pairwise comparisons of the five entities revealed 53 statistically significant texture features when using no HU-threshold and 6 statistically significant features with a threshold of -50HU. The largest AUC (0.818 [95%CI 0.706-0.930]) was found for the feature wavelet-HHH_glszm_SmallAreaEmphasis for discrimination of carcinoid from the other entities when using no HU-threshold. In differentiating neuroendocrine tumors from carcinomas, 173 parameters proved statistically significant when using no HU threshold versus 52 parameters when using a -50HU-threshold. The largest AUC (0.810 [95%CI 0.728-0,893]) was found for the parameter original_glcm_Correlation for discrimination of neuroendocrine tumors from carcinomas when using no HU-threshold. CONCLUSIONS CT texture analysis revealed features that differed significantly between malignant pulmonary lesions and organizing pneumonia and between carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. Applying a HU-threshold for segmentation substantially influenced the results of texture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Adelsmayr
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Janisch
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Müller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/9/V, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Emina Talakic
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Elmar Janek
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Streit
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Fuchsjäger
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Helmut Schöllnast
- Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria; Institute of Radiology, LKH Graz II, Göstinger Strasse 22, 8020 Graz, Austria
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Yoshida Y, Sakane T, Isogai J, Suzuki Y, Miki S, Nomura Y, Nakajima J. Computer-assisted detection of metastatic lung tumors on computed tomography. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2019; 27:199-207. [PMID: 30789307 DOI: 10.1177/0218492319831836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study examined the performance of computer-assisted detection in the identification of pulmonary metastases. METHODS Fifty-five patients (41.8% male) who underwent surgery for metastatic lung tumors in our hospital from 2005 to 2012 were included. Computer-assisted detection software configured to display the top five nodule candidates according to likelihood was applied as the first reader for the preoperative computed tomography images. Results from the software were classified as "metastatic nodule", "benign nodule", or "false-positive finding" by two observers. RESULTS Computer-assisted detection identified 85.3% (64/75) of pulmonary metastases that radiologists had detected, and 3 more (4%, 3/75) that radiologists had overlooked. Nodule candidates identified by computer-assisted detection included 86 benign nodules (median size 3.1 mm, range 1.2-18.7 mm) and 121 false-positive findings. CONCLUSIONS Computer-assisted detection identified pulmonary metastases overlooked by radiologists. However, this was at the cost of identifying a substantial number of benign nodules and false-positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoya Sakane
- 2 Department of Radiology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Isogai
- 2 Department of Radiology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- 3 Department of Pathology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Miki
- 4 Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nomura
- 4 Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- 5 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Menchini-Fabris GB, Covani U, Toti P, Marconcini S, Barone A, Martuscelli R. A methodological approach to standardize and control the quality of the position and alignment of lamina implants on two-dimensional radiographs. Oral Radiol 2020; 36:288-306. [PMID: 30715653 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to validate a new method to detect the degree of correlation between simulated and real tilted blade implants as they appear on a single two-dimensional radiograph. METHODS The angular correction factor (CF^) was defined as the coupling of two subsequent angle transformations, a set of five angular values describing the theoretical radiographic appearance of the blade implant: (1) three consecutive rotations about the axes of the blade ([Formula: see text], θ, and ψ, standing for pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively) to represent the polarization directions; (2) a two-dimensional projection defined by two angles (λ and [Formula: see text], respectively, longitude and latitude) to represent the vector of the X-ray beam intersecting the detector plate. Data of patients who received fixed prostheses supported by blade-form implants were employed to calculate a dimensional correction factor (CF°), a specific length through the major axis. The simulation of a distorted radiograph of a blade positioned in space was compared with the real radiograph. Differences in the angular measurements served as an initial test to assess the effectiveness of the method. RESULTS In the acquired sets of periapical radiographs, mean misalignments of + 3.58° in longitude and - 0.04° in latitude were registered. The following variations were detected during the accuracy testing: the absolute error was 0.1 ± 7.5° for angle [Formula: see text]; 2.4 ± 6.7° for angle θ; - 1.0 ± 3.7° for angle ψ; 4.5 ± 8.6° for angle λ; and 2.0 ± 9.3° for angle [Formula: see text]. The linear dependence between CF° and CF^ was estimated by a robust linear regression: slope + 0.991, intercept + 0.007, and adjusted R2 0.992. CONCLUSIONS This a posteriori analysis introduces the explicit trigonometric equations of the theoretical standard (CF^) used to describe the blade implant radiographic position and misalignment on two-dimensional radiographs.
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Yeung J, Sivarajan S, Treibel TA, Rosmini S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Punwani S, Moon JC, Taylor SA, Bandula S. Measurement of liver and spleen interstitial volume in patients with systemic amyloid light-chain amyloidosis using equilibrium contrast CT. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:2646-2651. [PMID: 28567484 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT (EQ-CT) measurement of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in patients with systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, testing the hypothesis that ECV becomes elevated in the liver and spleen and ECV correlates with other estimates of organ amyloid burden. METHODS 26 patients with AL amyloidosis underwent EQ-CT, and ECV was measured in the liver and spleen. Patients also underwent serum amyloid P (SAP) component scintigraphy with grading of liver and spleen involvement. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for a difference between patients with amyloid deposition (SAP grade 1-3) and those without (SAP grade 0). Variation in ECV across SAP grades was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and association between ECV and SAP grades with Spearman correlation. RESULTS Mean ECV in the spleen and liver was significantly greater (p < 0.0005) in amyloidotic organs (SAP grade 1-3) [spleen, liver: 0.430, 0.375] compared with healthy tissues [spleen, liver: 0.304, 0.269]. ECV increased with increasing amyloid burden, showing positive correlation with SAP grade in both the liver (r = 0.758) and spleen (r = 0.867). CONCLUSION In patients with systemic AL amyloidosis, EQ-CT can demonstrate increased spleen and liver ECV, which is associated with amyloid disease burden.
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