1
|
Xu Y, Xiang Z, E W, Lang Y, Huang S, Qin W, Yang J, Chen Z, Liu Z. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal a molecular link between diabetic kidney and retinal lesions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:912. [PMID: 37670124 PMCID: PMC10480496 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are closely associated in patients with diabetes. However, the cellular and molecular linkage of DN and DR has not been elucidated, and further revelations are needed to improve mutual prognostic decisions and management. Here, we generate and integrate single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of kidney and retina to explore the cellular and molecular association of kidney and retina in both physiological and pathological conditions. We find renal mesangial cells and retinal pericytes share molecular features and undergo similar molecular transitions under diabetes. Furthermore, we uncover that chemokine regulation shared by the two cell types is critical for the co-occurrence of DN and DR, and the chemokine score can be used for the prognosis of DN complicated with DR. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the co-occurrence of DN and DR and could improve the prevention and treatments of diabetic microvascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhidan Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weigao E
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meter D, Racetin A, Vukojević K, Balog M, Ivić V, Zjalić M, Heffer M, Filipović N. A Lack of GD3 Synthase Leads to Impaired Renal Expression of Connexins and Pannexin1 in St8sia1 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116237. [PMID: 35682927 PMCID: PMC9181035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of altered ganglioside composition on the expression of Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, and Panx1 in different kidney regions of St8sia1 gene knockout mice (St8sia1 KO) lacking the GD3 synthase enzyme. Experiments were performed in twelve male 6-month-old mice: four wild-type (C57BL/6-type, WT) and eight St8sia1 KO mice. After euthanasia, kidney tissue was harvested, embedded in paraffin wax, and processed for immunohistochemistry. The expression of connexins and Panx1 was determined in different regions of the kidney: cortex (CTX.), outer stripe of outer medulla (O.S.), inner stripe of outer medulla (IN.S.), and inner medulla (IN.MED.). We determined significantly lower expression of Cx37, Cx40, Cx45, and Panx1 in different parts of the kidneys of St8sia1 KO mice compared with WT. The most consistent decrease was found in the O.S. where all markers (Cx 37, 40, 45 and Panx1) were disrupted in St8si1 KO mice. In the CTX. region, we observed decrease in the expression of Cx37, Cx45, and Panx1, while reduced expression of Cx37 and Panx1 was more specific to IN.S. The results of the present study suggest that deficiency of GD3 synthase in St8sia1 KO mice leads to disruption of renal Cx expression, which is probably related to alteration of ganglioside composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Anita Racetin
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.R.); (K.V.)
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.R.); (K.V.)
- Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marta Balog
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (V.I.); (M.H.)
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (V.I.); (M.H.)
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Branchetta brothers 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (V.I.); (M.H.)
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.R.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suteanu-Simulescu A, Zamfir AD, Ica R, Sarbu M, Munteanu CVA, Gadalean F, Vlad A, Bob F, Jianu DC, Petrica L. High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Identifies a Particular Ganglioside Pattern in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Molecules 2022; 27:2679. [PMID: 35566027 PMCID: PMC9103338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the valuable information provided by glycosphingolipids as molecular markers and the limited data available for their detection and characterization in patients suffering from Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we developed and implemented a superior method based on high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) for the determination of gangliosides in the urine of DKD patients. This study was focused on: (i) testing of the HR MS and MS/MS feasibility and performances in mapping and sequencing of renal gangliosides in Type 2 DM patients; (ii) determination of the changes in the urine gangliosidome of DKD patients in different stages of the disease-normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria-in a comparative assay with healthy controls. Due to the high resolution and mass accuracy, the comparative MS screening revealed that the sialylation status of the ganglioside components; their modification by O-acetyl, CH3COO-, O-fucosyl, and O-GalNAc; as well as the composition of the ceramide represent possible markers for early DKD detection, the assessment of disease progression, and follow-up treatment. Moreover, structural investigation by MS/MS demonstrated that GQ1d(d18:1/18:0), GT1α(d18:1/18:0) and GT1b(d18:1/18:0) isomers are associated with macroalbuminuria, meriting further investigation in relation to their role in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Alina Diana Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania; (A.D.Z.); (R.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florica Gadalean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Adrian Vlad
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Dragos Catalin Jianu
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- First Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.-S.); (F.B.); (L.P.)
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.V.); (D.C.J.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nilavan E, Sundar S, Shenbagamoorthy M, Narayanan H, Nandagopal B, Srinivasan R. Identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy disease using direct flow through mass spectrometry. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2073-2078. [PMID: 33125920 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Albuminuria is not an effective marker for early diagnosis of diabetic renal complication with several subjects progressing to chronic kidney disease without any albuminuria. A biomarker that can predict early changes of the diabetic kidney will be useful in effective management of type 2 diabetes. Mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach offers tremendous promise for the identification of novel metabolite biomarkers. METHODS A case-control approach was carried out to identify renal biomarkers among Asian Indian subjects in a hospital setting. A total of 29 subjects were included in the study that included groups of diabetic controls, diabetic subjects with eGFR >90 ml/min/1.72 m2 and diabetic subjects with eGFR between 60 and 89 ml/min/1.72 m2 and eGFR between 15 and 30 ml/min/1.72 m2. We employed an un-targeted mass spectrometry method for the identification of plasma metabolites. RESULTS A total of 1414 and 975 metabolites were identified in the positive and negative ion mode respectively. 19 metabolites were up regulated and 18 metabolites were down regulated in CKD2 and CKD4 groups when compared to control. Correlation analysis of the differential metabolites revealed Pregnenolone sulfate, creatinine and ganglioside GA1 to be negatively correlated and hexyl glucoside, all-trans-carophyll yellow and PG to be positively correlated with eGFR. CONCLUSION We have identified Pregnenolone sulfate, GA1, PG and all-trans-Carophyll yellow as biomarkers for early identification of diabetic nephropathy. These markers could aid in better management of diabetic nephropathy that may result delaying the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezhil Nilavan
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, India
| | - Subapriya Sundar
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, India
| | | | - Harikrishnan Narayanan
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, India
| | - Ramprasad Srinivasan
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MiRNA-144-3p inhibits high glucose induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181788. [PMID: 31292167 PMCID: PMC6658725 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of blindness, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often found in the developed countries. Our previous study identified a down-regulated miRNA: miR-144-3p in response to hyperglycemia. The present study aims to investigate the role of miR-144-3p in proliferation of microvascular epithelial cells. Endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose, after which miR-144-3p were detected with real-time PCR assay. MiR-144-3p mimics or inhibitors were used to increase or knockdown the level of this miRNA. Western blotting assay and ELISA assay were used to measure the expression and concentration of VEGF protein. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) labeled cell cycle assay was used to detect cells in S phase. MiRNA targets were predicted by using a TargetScan tool, and were further verified by luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, we focussed on a significantly down-regulated miRNA, miR-144-3p, and investigated its role in high glucose (HG) induced cell proliferation. Our data showed that miR-144-3p mimics significantly inhibited HG induced cell proliferation and reduced the percentage of cells in S phase. HG induced up-regulation of VEGF was also prohibited by miR-144-3p mimics. Through wound-healing assay, we found that miR-144-3p suppressed cell migration after HG treatments. Moreover, we predicted and proved that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)16 is a direct target of miR-144-3p. Finally, miR-144-3p attenuated HG induced MAPK activation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-144-3p inhibited high glucose-induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16 and MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting a possible role of miR-144-FGF16 in the development of DR.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nitta T, Kanoh H, Inamori KI, Suzuki A, Takahashi T, Inokuchi JI. Globo-series glycosphingolipids enhance Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation and play a pathophysiological role in diabetic nephropathy. Glycobiology 2019; 29:260-268. [PMID: 30476082 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression plays key roles in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of many important human diseases, including cancer, diabetes and glycosphingolipidosis. Inflammatory processes are involved in development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. GSLs are known to play roles in inflammatory responses in various diseases, and levels of renal GSLs are elevated in mouse models of diabetic nephropathy; however, little is known regarding the pathophysiological role of these GSLs in this disease process. We studied proinflammatory activity of GSLs in diabetic nephropathy using spontaneously diabetic mouse strain KK. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) or normal diet (ND) (4.6% kcal from fat) for a period of 8 wk. HFD-feeding resulted in quantitative and qualitative changes of renal globo-series GSLs (particularly Gb3Cer), upregulation of TNF-α, and induction of renal inflammation. Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer treatment enhanced inflammatory responses via TLR4 in TLR4/MD-2 complex expressing cells, including HEK293T, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and human monocytes. Our findings suggest that HFD-induced increase of Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer positively modulate TLR4-mediated inflammatory response, and that such GSLs play an important pathophysiological role in diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ene CD, Penescu M, Anghel A, Neagu M, Budu V, Nicolae I. Monitoring Diabetic Nephropathy by Circulating Gangliosides. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:68-79. [PMID: 26359623 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are multifunctional molecules, abundantly expressed in renal cell membrane but also in sera of patients with renal disease. The aim of this study was to quantify the serum levels of sialic acid-ganglioside in patients diagnosed with diabetes for an eventual biomarker stratification of patients with renal complications. We included 35 diabetic patients without metabolic complications, 35 patients with diabetic nephropathy, 35 non-diabetic individuals. We found that sialic acid ganglioside serum level was significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to the level obtained in patients with uncomplicated diabetes and to non-diabetic controls. A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between serum levels of sialic acid gangliosides, HbA1c, and serum creatinine in patients with diabetes without complications. Moreover positive correlation was found between sialic acid ganglioside and blood glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We can conclude that serum sialic acid-gangliosides are statistically increased in diabetic nephropathy positively correlated with microalbuminuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea Penescu
- a Dr. Carol Davila Clinical Nephrology Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Monica Neagu
- c Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Immunobiology Laboratory , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Vlad Budu
- d Prof. Dr. D. Hociotă Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional Surgery ENT , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- e Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infections and Tropical Diseases , Research Department in Dermatology , Bucharest , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ganglioside GM3 as a gatekeeper of obesity-associated insulin resistance: Evidence and mechanisms. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3221-7. [PMID: 26434718 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides constitute a large family of sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids which play a key regulatory role in a diverse array of cellular processes, including receptor-associated signalling. Accordingly, the aberrant production of the ganglioside GM3 has been linked to pathophysiological changes associated with obesity, which in turn can lead to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review examines the role of GM3 in mediating obesity-induced perturbations in metabolic function, including impaired insulin action. By doing so, we highlight the potential use of therapies targeting GM3 biosynthesis in order to counteract obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Grove KJ, Voziyan PA, Spraggins JM, Wang S, Paueksakon P, Harris RC, Hudson BG, Caprioli RM. Diabetic nephropathy induces alterations in the glomerular and tubule lipid profiles. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1375-85. [PMID: 24864273 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major life-threatening complication of diabetes. Renal lesions affect glomeruli and tubules, but the pathogenesis is not completely understood. Phospholipids and glycolipids are molecules that carry out multiple cell functions in health and disease, and their role in DN pathogenesis is unknown. We employed high spatial resolution MALDI imaging MS to determine lipid changes in kidneys of eNOS(-/-) db/db mice, a robust model of DN. Phospholipid and glycolipid structures, localization patterns, and relative tissue levels were determined in individual renal glomeruli and tubules without disturbing tissue morphology. A significant increase in the levels of specific glomerular and tubular lipid species from four different classes, i.e., gangliosides, sulfoglycosphingolipids, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamines, was detected in diabetic kidneys compared with nondiabetic controls. Inhibition of nonenzymatic oxidative and glycoxidative pathways attenuated the increase in lipid levels and ameliorated renal pathology, even though blood glucose levels remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that the levels of specific phospho- and glycolipids in glomeruli and/or tubules are associated with diabetic renal pathology. We suggest that hyperglycemia-induced DN pathogenic mechanisms require intermediate oxidative steps that involve specific phospholipid and glycolipid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri J Grove
- Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul A Voziyan
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paisit Paueksakon
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Departments of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sims EK, Evans-Molina C. Urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a "steady stream" of information using proteomics. Transl Res 2014; 163:183-7. [PMID: 24355258 PMCID: PMC3951907 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of ceramide in diabetes mellitus: evidence and mechanisms. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:98. [PMID: 23835113 PMCID: PMC3716967 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with multiple complications that causes serious diseases over the years. The condition leads to severe economic consequences and is reaching pandemic level globally. Much research is being carried out to address this disease and its underlying molecular mechanism. This review focuses on the diverse role and mechanism of ceramide, a prime sphingolipid signaling molecule, in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its complications. Studies using cultured cells, animal models, and human subjects demonstrate that ceramide is a key player in the induction of β-cell apoptosis, insulin resistance, and reduction of insulin gene expression. Ceramide induces β-cell apoptosis by multiple mechanisms namely; activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway, increasing cytochrome c release, free radical generation, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of Akt. Ceramide also modulates many of the insulin signaling intermediates such as insulin receptor substrate, Akt, Glut-4, and it causes insulin resistance. Ceramide reduces the synthesis of insulin hormone by attenuation of insulin gene expression. Better understanding of this area will increase our understanding of the contribution of ceramide to the pathogenesis of diabetes, and further help in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu JM, Wang B, Li J, Chen GM, Fan YG, Feng CC, Pan HF, Ye DQ. D18S880 microsatellite polymorphism of carnosinase gene and diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:289-94. [PMID: 23402577 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the CNDP1 (carnosinase gene) D18S880 microsatellite polymorphism confers susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS The authors conducted meta-analysis on association between the CNDP1 D18S880 microsatellite polymorphism and DN susceptibility, using fixed and random effects models. RESULTS A total of nine comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 4546 DN, 7994 diabetes mellitus (DM), and 1826 healthy (Heal) subjects. Overall, the analysis revealed that the D18S880 microsatellite polymorphism was significantly associated with DN for the five trinucleotide repeat (5L) allele and five leucines repeat (5L-5L) homozygous in the comparisons of DN versus DM (5L: odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-0.97, p=0.008; 5L-5L: OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.97, p=0.006) and DN versus non-DN (DM+Heal) (5L: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98, p=0.009; 5L-5L: OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96, p=0.004). The protective effects of the D18S880 polymorphism were similar to those observed in the subgroups of the type 2 DM and the Caucasian population. However, significant association was not found in the type 1 DM population. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms that the carnosinase D18S880 microsatellite polymorphism is associated with DN susceptibility, especially in the type 2 DM and the Caucasian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Busik JV, Esselman WJ, Reid GE. Examining the role of lipid mediators in diabetic retinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:661-675. [PMID: 23646066 DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most disabling complication of diabetes, affecting 65% of patients after 10 years of the disease. Current treatment options for diabetic retinopathy are highly invasive and fall short of complete amelioration of the disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is critical to the development of more effective treatment options. Diabetic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are the main metabolic insults that affect retinal degeneration in diabetes. Although the role of hyperglycemia in inducing diabetic retinopathy has been studied in detail, much less attention has been paid to dyslipidemia. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between dyslipidemia and development of diabetic retinopathy, highlighting the importance of understanding the exact changes in retinal lipid metabolism in diabetes. This review describes what is known on the role of dyslipidemia in the development of diabetic retinopathy, with a focus on retinal-specific lipid metabolism and its dysregulation in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee AS, Lee YJ, Lee SM, Yoon JJ, Kim JS, Kang DG, Lee HS. An aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through suppression of renal fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic db/db mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:495-510. [PMID: 22745066 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. In the present study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (AP) on diabetic nephropathy accelerated by renal fibrosis and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The mice were treated with AP (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for ten weeks to examine the long-term effects on diabetic nephropathy and renal dysfunction. We found that AP treatment markedly lowered blood glucose to 412 ± 11.4 mg/dl and plasma creatinine level to 2.3 ± 0.8 mg/dl compared to db/db mice (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). This study also showed that treatment with AP significantly decreased water intake and urine volume in diabetic db/db mice (p < 0.05). In immunohistological study, the renal expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), advanced glycation end products (AGE), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 markedly increased in the renal cortex of untreated db/db mice (p < 0.01). In contrast, AP treatment significantly reduced these expressions to 50 ± 2.1%, 48 ± 2.8%, 61 ± 1.1%, respectively (p < 0.01). Furthermore, NF-κB p65 activation in renal tissues markedly increased in untreated db/db mice, which was significantly suppressed by AP treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that AP attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of renal fibrosis and inflammation in db/db mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Sook Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu G, Han F, Yang Y, Xie Y, Jiang H, Mao Y, Wang H, Wang M, Chen R, Yang J, Chen J. Evaluation of sphingolipid metabolism in renal cortex of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the effects of rapamycin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:1493-502. [PMID: 20961887 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes, but it is uncertain whether it plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). While rapamycin was shown to prevent DN development in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in our previous studies, it is unknown if it intervenes with lipid metabolism. METHODS We divided the rats into four groups: normal control rats, rapamycin-treated normal rats, diabetic rats and rapamycin-treated DN rats. The apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The crude lipid and sphingolipid were extracted from rat renal cortex and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The expression of the three key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism including serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin synthase was measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry in rat renal cortex. RESULTS The level of apoptosis was increased in diabetic rats, and rapamycin treatment reduced apoptosis. STZ treatment significantly increased formation of many sphingolipids species through elevated de novo synthesis. These changes were inhibited by treatment with rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of sphingolipids contributes to STZ-induced diabetes, and the therapeutic effect of rapamycin on diabetic nephropathy is partly through suppression of sphingolipid abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuangYi Liu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The glycemic index (GI) indicates how fast blood glucose is raised after consuming a carbohydrate-containing food. Human metabolic studies indicate that GI is related to patho-physiological responses after meals. Compared with a low-GI meal, a high-GI meal is characterized with hyperglycemia during the early postprandial stage (0-2h) and a compensatory hyperlipidemia associated with counter-regulatory hormone responses during late postprandial stage (4-6h). Over the past three decades, several human health disorders have been related to GI. The strongest relationship suggests that consuming low-GI foods prevents diabetic complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes. In this aspect, GI appears to be useful as a practical guideline to help diabetic people choose foods. Abundant epidemiological evidence also indicates positive associations between GI and risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and more recently, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in people without diabetes. Although data from randomized controlled intervention trials are scanty, these observations are strongly supported by evolving molecular mechanisms which explain the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia. This wide range of evidence implies that dietary hyperglycemia is etiologically related to human aging and diseases, including DR and AMD. In this context, these diseases can be considered as metabolic retinal diseases. Molecular theories that explain hyperglycemic pathogenesis involve a mitochondria-associated pathway and four glycolysis-associated pathways, including advanced glycation end products formation, protein kinase C activation, polyol pathway, and hexosamine pathway. While the four glycolysis-associated pathways appear to be universal for both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the mitochondria-associated mechanism appears to be most relevant to the hyperglycemic, normoxic pathogenesis. For diseases that affect tissues with highly active metabolism and that frequently face challenge from low oxygen tension, such as retina in which metabolism is determined by both glucose and oxygen homeostases, these theories appear to be insufficient. Several lines of evidence indicate that the retina is particularly vulnerable when hypoxia coincides with hyperglycemia. We propose a novel hyperglycemic, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, to complement the current theories regarding hyperglycemic pathogenesis. HIF is a transcription complex that responds to decrease oxygen in the cellular environment. In addition to playing a significant role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, under hyperglycemia HIF has been shown to increase the expression of HIF-inducible genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leading to angiogenesis. To this extent, we suggest that HIF can also be described as a hyperglycemia-inducible factor. In summary, while management of dietary GI appears to be an effective intervention for the prevention of metabolic diseases, specifically AMD and DR, more interventional data is needed to evaluate the efficacy of GI management. There is an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers of exposure, surrogate endpoints, as well as susceptibility for GI. These insights would also be helpful in deciphering the detailed hyperglycemia-related biochemical mechanisms for the development of new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fox TE, Kester M. Therapeutic strategies for diabetes and complications: a role for sphingolipids? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 688:206-16. [PMID: 20919656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6741-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating chronic disease that has no cure and can only be managed by pharmaceutical or nutritional interventions. Worldwide, the incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications is dramatically increasing. This may reflect the incomplete knowledge base underlying the role of inflammatory or nutritional stresses to exacerbate diabetic complications. Despite the knowledge that hyperlipidemia is a cardinal feature of both Type 1 and 2 diabetes, the actual lipid species that contribute to complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease have not been well defined, or have not elucidated new treatment strategies. Sphingolipids comprise only a fraction of total lipids but a body of evidence has now identified dysfunctional sphingolipid metabolism and/or generation of specific sphingolipid metabolites as contributors to diabetic complications. This review suggests that pharmacological therapies that target dysfunctional sphingolipid metabolism and/or signaling may prove beneficial in decreasing the chronic pathology of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the review suggests that these treatment options may also prove beneficial to ameliorate or delay pancreatic beta cell failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Fox
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Farukhi F, Dakkouri C, Wang H, Wiztnitzer M, Traboulsi EI. Etiology of Vision Loss in Ganglioside GM3 Synthase Deficiency. Ophthalmic Genet 2009; 27:89-91. [PMID: 17050284 DOI: 10.1080/13816810600862626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cause of vision loss in patients with ganglioside GM3 synthase deficiency, a newly described rare autosomal recessive infantile-onset symptomatic epilepsy syndrome associated with developmental stagnation and blindness. METHODS We examined four children from two related Amish sibships. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed inheritance of the founder mutation. Electroretinography and fundus photography were obtained in two patients. RESULTS Despite an initial suspicion of retinal degeneration, retinal function was found to be preserved in both patients and ERG amplitudes were within normal limits. Ophthalmoscopy showed bilateral optic atrophy in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Vision loss in GM3 synthase deficiency results from central nervous system and optic nerve involvement. Retinal function appears to be otherwise normal into the teenage years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahhad Farukhi
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fox TE, Han X, Kelly S, Merrill AH, Martin RE, Anderson RE, Gardner TW, Kester M. Diabetes alters sphingolipid metabolism in the retina: a potential mechanism of cell death in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2006; 55:3573-80. [PMID: 17130506 PMCID: PMC2141542 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism causes neuronal cell death and is associated with insulin resistance and diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that diabetes-induced changes in retinal sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to neuronal pathologies in diabetic retinopathy. ESI-MS/MS was used to measure ceramide content and ceramide metabolites in whole retinas after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. After 4 and 8 weeks of diabetes, a approximately 30% decrease in total ceramide content was observed, concomitant with a significant approximately 30% increase in glucosylceramide levels in fed diabetic rats compared with their age-matched controls. Acute insulin therapy as well as a short-term lowering of glucose via fasting did not affect the increase in glucosylceramide composition. To assess the putative biological consequences of the increase in glucosylceramide composition, R28 retinal neurons were treated with glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors. Inhibiting glycosphingolipid metabolism increased insulin sensitivity in retinal neurons. Glycosphingolipid inhibitors augmented insulin-stimulated p70 S6kinase activity in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of high glucose or glucosamine. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis also suppressed glucosamine- and interleukin-1beta-induced death. Consistent with these inhibitor studies, pharmacological accumulation of glycosphingolipids increased activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, a putative modulator of insulin resistance and neuronal apoptosis. It is speculated that an increase in glucosylceramide, and possibly higher-order glycosphingolipids, could contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by contributing to local insulin resistance, resulting in neuronal cell death. Thus, dysfunctional glycosphingolipid metabolism may contribute to metabolic stress in diabetes, and therapeutic strategies to restore normal sphingolipid metabolism may be a viable approach for treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd E. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianlin Han
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Samuel Kelly
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alfred H. Merrill
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rex E. Martin
- Departments of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert E. Anderson
- Departments of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Thomas W. Gardner
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kniep B, Kniep E, Ozkucur N, Barz S, Bachmann M, Malisan F, Testi R, Rieber EP. 9-O-acetyl GD3 protects tumor cells from apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:67-73. [PMID: 16432837 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ganglioside GD3 (Neu5Ac alpha8Neu5Ac alpha3Gal beta4GlcCer) is an intracellular lipid messenger that induces apoptosis by targeting mitochondria in various cell types. GD3 can also promote apoptosis when externally added to cells. Previous studies showed that the proapoptotic effects of GD3 can be counteracted by 9-O-acetylation. To determine whether 9-O-acetyl GD3 (acGD3) has a general antiapoptotic potential, the apoptosis-sensitive Jurkat cell line and an apoptosis-sensitive variant of the cell line Molt-4 were preincubated with micromolar concentrations of acGD3 and then treated with inducers of apoptosis. A reduced apoptotic index and an increased cell viability were observed. On the other hand, when the Jurkat cells were treated with GD3 for extended periods of time, a population was selected that was resistant to apoptosis induction by N-acetyl sphingosine as well as by the anti-leukemic drug daunorubicin. Comparative analysis of gangliosides revealed the formation of acGD3 in the resistant Jurkat cells that was not found in the apoptosis-sensitive cells. Conversely, exposing the acGD3 positive and apoptosis-resistant cell line Molt-4 to the O-deacetylating activity of salicylate resulted in a complete disappearance of acGD3 and an enhanced sensitivity to N-acetyl sphingosine-mediated apoptosis. Formation of acGD3 might thus represent a new mechanism how tumor cells can escape apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kniep
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Glycosylation, the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins and lipids, influences many biological processes. This article reviews large-scale techniques for accelerating progress in glycobiology. Glycosylation, the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins and lipids, influences many biological processes. Despite detailed characterization of the cellular components that carry out glycosylation, a complete picture of a cell's glycoconjugates remains elusive because of the challenges inherent in characterizing complex carbohydrates. This article reviews large-scale techniques for accelerating progress in glycobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21:560-7. [PMID: 16240284 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Janssen B, Hohenadel D, Brinkkoetter P, Peters V, Rind N, Fischer C, Rychlik I, Cerna M, Romzova M, de Heer E, Baelde H, Bakker SJL, Zirie M, Rondeau E, Mathieson P, Saleem MA, Meyer J, Köppel H, Sauerhoefer S, Bartram CR, Nawroth P, Hammes HP, Yard BA, Zschocke J, van der Woude FJ. Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1. Diabetes 2005; 54:2320-7. [PMID: 16046297 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The risk of diabetic nephropathy is partially genetically determined. Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case (diabetic nephropathy) and 107 control (diabetes without nephropathy) subjects. The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l d-glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the CNDP1 gene, coding for a leucine repeat in the leader peptide of the carnosinase-1 precursor, was associated with nephropathy. The shortest allelic form (CNDP1 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of nephropathy (P = 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36-4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. Carnosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-beta in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Diabetic patients with the CNDP1 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for nephropathy. Carnosine protects against the adverse effects of high glucose levels on renal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Janssen
- Institute of Human Genetics Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|