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Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Zhai Z, Ravindran Menon D, Batta N, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M. Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5010. [PMID: 36291794 PMCID: PMC9599745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer mortality has declined among the general population, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. While identifying high-risk cohorts with genetic risk factors improves public health initiatives and clinical care management, recognizing modifiable risk factors such as social-environmental risk factors would also affect the methods of patient outreach and education. One major modifiable social-environmental risk factor associated with melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, not all forms of melanoma are correlated with sun exposure or occur in sun-exposed areas. Additionally, UV exposure is rarely associated with tumor progression. Another social-environmental factor, pregnancy, does not explain the sharply increased incidence of melanoma. Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is positively linked with an increased risk of cancers, including melanoma. This perspective review paper summarizes epidemiological data correlating melanoma incidence with alcohol consumption, describes the biochemical mechanisms of ethanol metabolism, and discusses how ethanol and ethanol metabolites contribute to human cancer, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nisha Batta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Zeng H, Liu F, Zhou H, Zeng C. Individualized Treatment Strategy for Cutaneous Melanoma: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going? Front Oncol 2021; 11:775100. [PMID: 34804979 PMCID: PMC8599821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.775100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, innovative research in cancer biology and immunology has contributed to novel therapeutics, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which have transformed the management of patients with melanoma. Despite the remarkable therapeutic outcomes of targeted treatments targeting MAPK signaling and immunotherapy that suppresses immune checkpoints, some individuals acquire therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence. This review summarizes the current understanding of melanoma genetic variations and discusses individualized melanoma therapy options, particularly for advanced or metastatic melanoma, as well as potential drug resistance mechanisms. A deeper understanding of individualized treatment will assist in improving clinical outcomes for patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Batta N, Shangraw S, Nicklawsky A, Yamauchi T, Zhai Z, Ravindran Menon D, Gao D, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M. Global Melanoma Correlations With Obesity, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption (Preprint).. [DOI: 10.2196/preprints.31275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
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