1
|
Ps S, Karumaran CS, R S A, Manuel CE, V JC, Stalin R. An In Vitro Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Bleaching Agents on Enamel: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) With Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e58318. [PMID: 38752025 PMCID: PMC11095582 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate the morphological and elemental alterations in enamel following bleaching with hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents of different concentrations and pH values when exposed to different treatment times. Materials and method Twenty extracted maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. Tooth samples were prepared by sectioning the tooth cervico-incisally into two halves. The teeth were divided into different groups based on the bleaching protocol and bleaching agent applied: Group IA, Group IB, Group IIA, and Group IIB. Group IA received a 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 6 for 10 minutes with light application. Group IB received a 35% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 6 for 30 minutes with light activation. Group IIA received a 40% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 8.5 for 10 minutes with chemical activation. Group IIB received a 40% hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent of pH 8.5 for 30 minutes with chemical activation. The morphology of the enamel before and after the application of the bleaching agent was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The elemental analysis of enamel between the control and test samples was done with the help of energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results Paired t-test was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The test samples showed erosive alterations in enamel surface morphology and also a decrease in the concentration of minerals when compared to the corresponding control groups. Conclusions The present study evidences the erosive potential of hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents. It can be concluded that bleaching agents containing high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide with acidic pH can cause mineral loss and surface erosion of enamel which is extremely detrimental to the tooth integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Ps
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Arjun R S
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaya Prakash (J P) Dental Specialists, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | | | - Jevina Christy V
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, IND
| | - Roselin Stalin
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortiz MIG, Corrales Ureña YR, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL, Rischka K. Enzymatically Driven Mineralization of a Calcium-Polyphosphate Bleaching Gel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:83. [PMID: 38247960 PMCID: PMC10813067 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To examined alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity and the effects of incorporating it in the thickener solution of a hydrogen-peroxide-based bleaching gel containing calcium-polyphosphate (CaPP) on the orthophosphate (PO43-) levels, bleaching effectiveness, and enamel microhardness. ALP activity was assessed at different pH levels and H2O2 concentrations, and in H2O- and Tris-based thickeners. Circular dichroism (CD) was used to examine the ALP secondary structure in water-, Tris-, or H2O2-based mediums. The PO43- levels were evaluated in thickeners with and without ALP. Enamel/dentin specimens were allocated into the following groups: control (without bleaching); commercial (Whiteness-HP-Maxx); Exp-H (H2O-based); CaPP-H; ALP-H (CaPP+ALP); Exp-T (Tris-based); CaPP-T; and ALP-T (CaPP+ALP). Color changes (ΔE/ΔE00) and the bleaching index (ΔWID) were calculated, and surface (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were assessed. The two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to compare ALP and PO43- levels; generalized linear models were used to examine: ΔE/ΔE00/SMH/CSMH; and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for ΔWID (α = 5%). The ALP activity was higher at pH 9, lower in H2O2-based mediums, and similar in both thickeners. The CD-spectra indicated denaturation of the enzyme upon contact with H2O2. The PO43- levels were higher after incorporating ALP, and the ΔE/ΔE00/ΔWID were comparable among bleached groups. SMH was lower after bleaching in Exp-H, while CSMH was highest in ALP-T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yendry Regina Corrales Ureña
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology LANOTEC—National Center of High Technology CeNAT, 1.3 Km North of the United States Embassy, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ryskina EA, Magsumova OA, Postnikov MA, Lobaeva TA, Ahmedzhanov BB, Shishparenok AN, Zhdanov DD. Effect of the Teeth Whitening Procedure on the Mineral Composition of Oral Fluid. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 12:9. [PMID: 38248217 PMCID: PMC10814888 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The basis of modern tooth whitening systems is the use of a whitening gel, which usually contains hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. The study included 81 patients aged 22 to 35 years with a tooth color A2 and a darker color on the Vita Classic scale. The purpose of our research was to identify a new approach to whitening teeth to improve safety and gentleness. To perform this, we assessed the effect of the tooth whitening procedure on the mineral composition of the oral fluid. A new approach to the teeth whitening procedure was to use a mouth retractor and a tool for aspirating the whitening gel, which we developed. Before the procedure, a protective film-forming aerosol, which included sodium ascorbate, was applied. After the tooth whitening procedure, the enamel was remineralized with a sealing liquid for 14 days. The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid were determined using a spectrophotometer with a set of reagents (Human). The results obtained indicate that the new approach to the teeth whitening procedure contributed to less pronounced changes in the concentrations of calcium (+29.07, p < 0.001) and phosphorus (-14%, p < 0.001) in the oral fluid immediately after the procedure and in combination with the standard procedure for teeth whitening; immediately after this procedure, the calcium concentration increased by 74.4% (p < 0.001), and the phosphorus concentration decreased by 23.07% (p < 0.001). The use of remineralizing agents led to a faster recovery of the initial levels of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Ryskina
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Higher School of Economics, HSE University, 20 Myasnitskaya St., 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana A. Magsumova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya St., 443099 Samara, Russia; (O.A.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mikhail A. Postnikov
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya St., 443099 Samara, Russia; (O.A.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Tatiana A. Lobaeva
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, RUDN University, 8 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Departments of Fundamental Disciplines Medical University, MGIMO-MED, 3 Novosportivnaya St., 143007 Odintsovo, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marques JV, Carlos NR, Turssi CP, França FMG, Vieira Junior WF, Basting RT. Effectiveness of changing the color of darker teeth is potentiated by association with violet LED light. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103794. [PMID: 37699468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of in-office bleaching protocols performed with violet LED light either combined with a bleaching agent containing 37% carbamide peroxide, or not, was determined by comparing teeth with different degrees of darkening. METHODOLOGY Eighty bovine incisors were separated into groups of "light" teeth (luminosity greater than or equal to B3) and "dark" teeth (less than or equal to A3.5) to receive the protocols: HP - 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP), CP - 37% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness SuperEndo), LED - violet LED light (Bright Max Whitening), CPLED - CP associated with the LED. For color analysis the CIEL*a*b* e WID, ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID parameters were used. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman or Nemenyi tests (α = 5%). RESULTS HP and CP resulted in similar color change values (ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID) for light and dark teeth (p > 0.05). Dark teeth showed better bleaching effectiveness (ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID) than light teeth when CPLED was used (p < 0.05). LED showed color change that were below the limits of acceptability and perceptibility for ΔWID. CONCLUSION light teeth are effectively bleached with the use of HP or CP, whereas dark teeth respond better to treatment with the CPLED protocol. Violet LED used alone did not show a satisfactory result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vasconcellos Marques
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Russo Carlos
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palandi SDS, Kury M, Cavalli V. Influence of violet LED and fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide bleaching gels on early-stage eroded/abraded teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103568. [PMID: 37059164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated enamel with early-stage erosion/abrasion following bleaching with 20% and 45% carbamide peroxide (CP) gels containing fluoride (F) and irradiated with violet LED (LED). METHODS Enamel blocks were immersed in 1% citric acid (5 min) and artificial saliva (120 min) three times to produce early-stage enamel erosion. Simulated toothbrushing was performed only after the first saliva immersion, to provoke enamel abrasion. The erosive/abraded enamel samples were submitted to (n=10): LED/CP20, CP20, LED/CP20_F, CP20_F, LED/CP45, CP45, LED/CP45_F, CP45_F, LED, and control (without treatment). The pH of the gels was assessed, and color (ΔE00) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were calculated after cycling (T1), and 7 days from bleaching (T2). Enamel surface roughness average (Ra) and Knoop microhardness (kg/mm2, %SHR) were evaluated at baseline (T0) at T1 and T2. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated the enamel surface morphology at T2. RESULTS The gels' pH was neutral and CP20 and CP45 exhibited no differences in ΔE00 and ΔWID (p>0.05) but LED increased these parameters for CP20_F and CP45. Erosion/abrasion significantly decreased mean kg/mm2, and the LED group was the only one not increasing microhardness after bleaching (p>0.05). None of the groups fully recovered the initial microhardness. All groups exhibited %SHR similar to the control (p>0.05) and the increase in Ra was detected only after erosion/abrasion. CP20_F groups exhibited a more preserved enamel morphology. CONCLUSION Light irradiation combined with low-concentrated CP gel promoted a bleaching effect comparable to the high-concentrated CP. The bleaching protocols did not adversely impact the surface of early-stage eroded/abraded enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel da Silva Palandi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guanipa Ortiz MI, dos Santos JJ, Burga Sánchez J, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB, Rischka K, Lima DANL. Calcium-Polyphosphate Submicroparticles (CaPP) Improvement Effect of the Experimental Bleaching Gels' Chemical and Cellular-Viability Properties. Gels 2023; 9:gels9010042. [PMID: 36661808 PMCID: PMC9857579 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop and characterize the chemical and cellular-viability properties of an experimental high-concentration bleaching gel (35 wt%-H2O2) containing calcium-polyphosphate particles (CaPP) at two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1.5 wt%). The CaPP submicroparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation, keeping a Ca:P ratio of 2:1. The CaPP morphology, size, and chemical and crystal profiles were characterized through scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The assessed bleaching gels were experimental (without CaPP); 0.5% CaPP; 1.5% CaPP; and commercial. The gels’ pH values and H2O2 concentrations (iodometric titration) were determined. The odontoblast-like cell viability after a gel’s exposure was assessed by the MTT assay. The pH and H2O2 concentration were compared through a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey’s test and the cell viability through a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey’s test using a GraphPad Prism (α < 0.05). The CaPP particles were spherical (with Ca and P, 135.7 ± 80.95 nm size) and amorphous. The H2O2 concentration decreased in all groups after mixing (p < 0.001). The 0.5% CaPP resulted in more-stable pH levels and higher viability levels than the experimental one (p < 0.05). The successful incorporation of CaPP had a positive impact on the bleaching gel’s chemical and cellular-viability properties when compared to the experimental gel without these particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Jarussi dos Santos
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Jonny Burga Sánchez
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kury M, Hiers RD, Zhao YD, Picolo MZD, Hsieh J, Khajotia SS, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Novel Experimental In-Office Bleaching Gels Containing Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172995. [PMID: 36080033 PMCID: PMC9458163 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development and testing of novel bleaching agents containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles (NP; 0%, 5%, 10% v/w) and hydrogen peroxide (HP, 0%, 6%, 15%, and 35%). Bovine blocks (n = 200, A = 36 mm2) were obtained and randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 10/group). NPs were incorporated into gels before bleaching (3 sessions, 7 days apart, 30 min/session, irradiated with violet light-LT). Color changes (ΔE00, ΔWID), mineral content (CO32−, PO43−), and topography were assessed (spectrophotometer, ATR-FTIR, and AFM) before and after bleaching procedures (14 days). Metabolic status and three-dimensional components of non-disrupted Streptococcus mutans biofilms were investigated using a multimode reader and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that ΔE00 and ΔWID significantly increased with NPs’ concentrations and LT. The enamel’s mineral ratio was adversely impacted by HP, but alterations were less pronounced when using NP-containing gels. The enamel’s topography was not damaged by the bleaching protocols tested. The bioluminescence results show that bleaching protocols do not render latent antibacterial properties to enamel, and the confocal microscopy results demonstrate that the 3-dimensional distribution of the components was affected by the protocols. The proposed nanotechnology improved the bleaching efficacy of experimental materials independent of hydrogen peroxide or irradiation and did not adversely impact the enamel’s surface properties or its chemical content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochelle D. Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mayara Z. D. Picolo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Hsieh
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Sharukh S. Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Fernando L. Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Correspondence: (F.L.E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.L.E.F.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cavalli V, Kury M, Melo PBG, Carneiro RVTSM, Esteban Florez FL. Current Status and Future Perspectives of In-office Tooth Bleaching. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.912857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Kury M, Lins RBE, Resende BDA, Picolo MZD, André CB, Cavalli V. The influence of the renewal or the single application of the peroxide gel on the efficacy and tooth sensitivity outcomes of in-office bleaching-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 34:490-502. [PMID: 34623017 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To answer the question: "Does the peroxide gel application regimen (single application vs. renewal) influence the efficacy and the tooth sensitivity outcomes of in-office tooth bleaching?" METHODS The search was done in Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE in February 2021 (updated in July 2021). Randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing the single application vs. the renewal protocols of HP were included. The meta-analyses were performed for the objective (ΔEab ), subjective (ΔSGU) color changes, and absolute risk of tooth sensitivity (TS). Heterogeneity was evaluated using Q test (I2 ). Cochrane Collaboration tool assessed the risk of bias (RoB). The GRADE evaluated the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Five RCT studies remained. Two studies showed high RoB, and three presented some concerns. No significant differences were observed between the protocols in terms of the ΔEab , ΔSGU, and TS. ΔEab exhibited substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 87%), while ΔSGU (I2 = 60%) and the TS (I2 = 62%) presented a moderate one. The certainty of evidence was considered low or very low, depending on the variable response and the evaluation time. CONCLUSION The application regimen (single vs. renewal of HP) did not impact color change or the absolute risk of TS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The renewal of bleaching gel during the in-office appointment may not be necessary. However, there is at least a low certainty of evidence. Because of this, further randomized clinical trials with appropriate methodology on this topic are encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Almeida Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kobayashi RS, Picolo MZD, Kury M, Resende BDA, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of dental bleaching protocols with violet radiation on the color and chemical composition of stained bovine enamel. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102194. [PMID: 33513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of a violet radiation (VR) combined or not with bleaching gels on the color and mineral content of stained teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enamel/dentin blocks were obtained and stained (n = 50) with coffee, red wine, tobacco smoke, or were left non-stained. The stained or not-stained blocks (n = 10) were distributed into five bleaching groups (n = 10): VR, CP (37 % carbamide peroxide), VR/CP, HP (35 % hydrogen peroxide), and VR/HP. Color (ΔE00, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were evaluated after staining and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. Calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca/P contents (in wt%) were measured after bleaching using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, Δb, wt%) or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa). RESULTS VR alone caused higher colorimetric changes on coffee, tobacco and red wine-stained groups compared to non-stained enamel (p < 0.05). VR/CP exhibited higher colorimetric changes compared to CP in coffee and non-stained groups. The VR/CP, HP and VR/HP groups exhibited no change differences (p > 0.05). No differences were observed for the wt% of Ca, P and Ca/P between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The violet radiation was more effective in bleaching stained rather than non-stained teeth. VR combined with 37 % carbamide peroxide was as effective as the HP agent. Besides, no adverse effects could be observed in the enamel mineral content, regardless of the bleaching protocol tested, according to the EDS semi-quantitative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Soares Kobayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Almeida Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, S. Soares LE, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Sürmelioğlu D, Özçetin HK, Özdemir ZM, Yavuz SA, Aydın U. Effectiveness and SEM-EDX analysis following bleaching with an experimental bleaching gel containing titanium dioxide and/or chitosan. Odontology 2020; 109:114-123. [PMID: 32440750 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effectiveness and mineral alterations following the use of experimental bleaching gels that included 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or chitosan in comparison with the routinely used 35% HP bleaching gel. Thirty-six maxillary anterior teeth were divided into three groups according to bleaching agent as follows: Group 1: 6% HP + TiO2, Group 2: 6% HP + TiO2 + chitosan, Group 3: 35% HP. Tooth colour was measured with a spectrophotometer before bleaching and after sessions one and two on days 14 and 30, respectively. Colour changes were assessed with the CIEDE2000 and CIELab formulas. Mineral analysis was performed with a scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) device before and 14 days after application. The enamel surfaces of randomly selected samples from each group were analysed by SEM. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups. All tested materials resulted in significantly increased bleaching compared to the initial colour values (p < 0.05). Group 3 showed significantly more whitening compared to the other groups after the first and second sessions (p < 0.05). However, Group 2 presented prolonged whitening efficiency and reached a bleaching level similar to the 35% HP treatment after 14 and 30 days. The results of the CIEDE2000 and CIELab formulas were found to be correlated (r > 0.6). The increases in Ca were similar in Groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05) and were significantly higher than that in Group 1 (p < 0.05). p was similarly decreased among all groups (p > 0.05). The combination of 6% HP, chitosan and TiO2 appears to constitute a promising material for tooth whitening, showing good bleaching efficiency and acceptable mineral alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Uğur Aydın
- Gaziantep Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kury M, Wada EE, Silva DPD, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Effect of violet LED light on in-office bleaching protocols: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190720. [PMID: 32428059 PMCID: PMC7213781 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the clinical effect of violet LED light on in-office bleaching used alone or combined with 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) or 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methodology A total of 100 patients were divided into five groups (n=20): LED, LED/CP, CP, LED/HP and HP. Colorimetric evaluation was performed using a spectrophotometer (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, Δb) and a visual shade guide (ΔSGU). Calcium (Ca)/phosphorous (P) ratio was quantified in the enamel microbiopsies. Measurements were performed at baseline (T 0 ), after bleaching (T B ) and in the 14-day follow-up (T 14 ). At each bleaching session, a visual scale determined the absolute risk (AR) and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS). Data were evaluated by one-way (ΔE, Δa, ΔL, Δb), two-way repeated measures ANOVA (Ca/P ratio), and Tukey post-hoc tests. ΔSGU and TS were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, and AR by Chi-Squared tests (a=5%). Results LED produced the lowest ΔE (p<0.05), but LED/HP promoted greater ΔE, ΔSGU and Δb (T 14 ) than HP (p<0.05). No differences were observed in ΔE and ΔSGU for LED/CP and HP groups (p>0.05). ΔL and Δa were not influenced by LED activation. After bleaching, LED/CP exhibited greater Δb than CP (p>0.05), but no differences were found between these groups at T 14 (p>0.05). LED treatment promoted the lowest risk of TS (16%), while HP promoted the highest (94.4%) (p<0.05). No statistical differences of risk of TS were found for CP (44%), LED/CP (61%) and LED/HP (88%) groups (p>0.05). No differences were found in enamel Ca/P ratio among treatments, regardless of evaluation times. Conclusions Violet LED alone produced the lowest bleaching effect, but enhanced HP bleaching results. Patients treated with LED/CP reached the same efficacy of HP, with reduced risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity and none of the bleaching protocols adversely affected enamel mineral content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Erica Eiko Wada
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Daylana Pacheco da Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vieira I, Vieira-Junior WF, Pauli MC, Theobaldo JD, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL, Leonardi GR. Effect of in-office bleaching gels with calcium or fluoride on color, roughness, and enamel microhardness. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e116-e122. [PMID: 32071692 PMCID: PMC7018475 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial bleaching gels with remineralizing agents were developed to reduce the adverse effects of dental bleaching. The present study evaluated the effects on teeth of in-office bleaching gels containing 35-40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with Calcium (Ca) or Fluoride (F).
Material and Methods Bovine enamel/dentin blocks (4x4x2.5 mm) were randomly divided into the following groups (n=12): no treatment (control); 35% HP (Whiteness HP, FGM); 35% HP with Ca (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM); 40% HP with F (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent). The specimens were analyzed for color (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE), roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). The color and KHN data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, while Ra values were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer’s test (α=0.05).
Results The bleached groups did not exhibit statistical differences among them for color. For roughness, 35% HP provided a slight increase of Ra, which was statistically different from the control. For microhardness, 35% HP and 40% HP with F presented KHN values that were statistically lower from the control, while the 35% HP with Ca did not statistically differ from the control.
Conclusions The presence of Ca or F in bleaching gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, only the enamel exposed to the bleaching gel containing Ca obtained microhardness values similar to unbleached enamel. Key words:Hydrogen peroxide, tooth bleaching, tooth bleaching agents, laboratory research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Vieira
- DDS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemir-Francisco Vieira-Junior
- DDS, MS, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cibelle Pauli
- MS, PhD student, Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica-Dias Theobaldo
- DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio-Henrique-Baggio Aguiar
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora-Alves-Nunes-Leite Lima
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine-Ricci Leonardi
- MS, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pinelli MDM, Catelan A, de Resende LFM, Soares LES, Aguiar FHB, Liporoni PCS. Chemical composition and roughness of enamel and composite after bleaching, acidic beverages and toothbrushing. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e1175-e1180. [PMID: 31824600 PMCID: PMC6894915 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study was assessed the surface roughness and chemical composition of tooth enamel and composite resin after bleaching treatment, immersion in acidic beverages, and simulated toothbrushing. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty dental blocks (10 x 10 x 3 mm) were randomly assigned (n = 10) according to surface treatment [none (N), bleaching (B), toothbrushing (T), and B+T] and storage medium [saliva (S), whiskey (W), and orange juice (O)]: experimental groups - N+S, N+W, N+O, B+S, B+W, B+O, S+T, W+T, O+T, B+S+T, B+W+T, and B+O+T. Two bleaching sessions were conducted using 38% hydrogen peroxide (3 applications). Surface roughness was measured using a roughness tester and composition was determined by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) before and after treatments. Calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in enamel and silica (Si) content in composite were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results Overall, increased values of surface roughness for enamel and composite were observed mainly after immersion in orange juice and bleaching/toothbrushing association. Moreover, this association and immersion in whiskey resulted in lower Ca/P ratio and after aging methods, bleached and bleached/toothbrushed groups showed decreased in Ca/P ratio compared to initial values. All groups showed Si content decrease at the end, except the group without surface treatment and immersed in saliva, and bleaching followed by immersion in orange juice and toothbrushing caused the highest Si reduction. Conclusions Bleaching and toothbrushing combination strengthened the effects caused by acidic drinks on roughness and chemical composition of enamel and composite. Key words:Tooth bleaching, toothbrushing, physical properties, chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson Catelan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.,Assistant Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luís-Eduardo-Silva Soares
- Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Dentistry and Applied Materials (LDAM), Research and Development Institute (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio-Henrique-Baggio Aguiar
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eskelsen E, Catelan A, Hernades NMAP, Soares LES, Cavalcanti AN, Aguiar FHB, Liporoni PCS. Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:281-286. [PMID: 30588123 PMCID: PMC6296191 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s184683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the hardness, mineral content, surface roughness, and micromorphology of sound and slightly demineralized enamels, before and after bleaching procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide. Methods Sixty bovine dental blocks were randomly divided into the following two groups: 30 slabs were submitted to three cycles of pH and 30 slabs were noncycled. Hardness (n=10) was measured using the microhardness tester with Knoop indenter under a 50 g load for 5 seconds. The calcium/phosphate (Ca/P) ratio (n=10) was obtained using a micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) spectrometer. The measurement of roughness average (n=10) was performed using a surface roughness tester. Specimens were bleached 6 hours/day during 21 days, and then, physicochemical properties were re-evaluated. Two additional specimens were carried out to evaluate surface micromorphology using the scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results Sound and slightly demineralized enamels showed no difference in Ca/P ratio after dental bleaching according to the μ-EDXRF analysis, but the Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching for slightly demineralized enamel. Bleaching treatment decreased the hardness and increased the surface roughness, causing micromorphology alterations. Conclusion Therefore, bleaching procedure promoted change in bovine enamel surface and increased the demineralization of slightly demineralized enamel but not affected the mineral content of sound enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evania Eskelsen
- Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Anderson Catelan
- Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | | | - Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | | |
Collapse
|