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Ismail HS, Ali AI, El Mehesen R, Garcia-Godoy F, Mahmoud SH. Clinical evaluation of subgingival open sandwich restorations: 3-year results of a randomized double-blind trial. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:573-587. [PMID: 37902283 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a 3-year follow-up of previously treated patients to assess and compare the periodontal responses and clinical performance of proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-five adults participated in the study, with a combined total of 120 compound Class II cavities. These cavities had gingival margins located below the CEJ. Four different restorative materials were used to elevate the dentin/cementum gingival margins of the cavities: resin-modified glass ionomer, glass hybrid, flowable bulk-fill composite, or ion-releasing material, which were then completed with the same overlaying composite. Different periodontal and clinical evaluations, based on the criteria set by the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria, were performed at different time intervals, including baseline, 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. RESULTS The type of base material did not affect the periodontal evaluations. There were no statistically significant differences between different time intervals or base material groups in any of the evaluated FDI parameters. However, the ion-releasing material scored significantly worse in the radiographic evaluation than any of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS All tested materials are suitable for proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations, as long as the restoration/tooth margin is at least 2-mm away from the bone crest. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians can confidently choose any of the tested materials for proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations, as they have shown good outcomes from both periodontal and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabab El Mehesen
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Professor, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Adjunct Faculty, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salah H Mahmoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Alharbi G, Al Nahedh HN, Al-Saud LM, Shono N, Maawadh A. Effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface properties of universal single shade resin-based composites. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38326838 PMCID: PMC10848531 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, universal single-shade resin composites have become increasingly available in the dental market. The modification of their composition can have an inadvertent effect on their physical and surface properties, and subsequently determinantal effect on their clinical function and longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (Ra), surface gloss (GU), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) of universal single-shade RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial RBCs were used; the universal single-shade RBCs were Omnichroma, Charisma® Diamond ONE, and Vittra APS Unique, and a conventional nanocomposite Filtek™ Z250 XT was used as a control. The 3 F/P systems were Sof-Lex™ XT, Enhance®/PoGo®, and Diacomp® Plus Twist. A total of 160 discs were used for the 3 F/P system groups for all RBCs (n = 10). After F/P, the Ra, GU, and VMH were assessed. The data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were found among the four RBCs and the 3 F/P systems (p < .000). Omnichroma showed the lowest Ra and acceptable GU, but the lowest VMH. Charisma showed the highest Ra, acceptable GU, and VMH. Vittra showed acceptable Ra, GU, and VMH and Filtek showed the highest GU, VMH, and acceptable Ra. CONCLUSION Although conventional nanohybrid RBC (Filtek Z250 XT) showed better GU and VMH values, the universal single-shade RBCs demonstrated comparable surface properties. The highest GU & VMH and lowest Ra were achieved by Diacomp followed by Enhance and Soflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alharbi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Box 84428, Riyadh, PO, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hend Na Al Nahedh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loulwa M Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Shono
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Mesallum EE, Abd El Aziz PM, Swelem AA. Performance of bulk-fill versus conventional nanocomposite resin restorations supporting the occlusal rests of removable partial dentures: An in vitro investigation. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00190-7. [PMID: 37100650 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Placing removable partial denture (RPD) rests on composite resin restorations has long been a debatable issue. Despite developments in composite resins such as nanotechnology and bulk-filling techniques, studies investigating the performance of composite resin restorations when used to support occlusal rests remain scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the performance of bulk-fill versus incremental (conventional) nanocomposite resin restorations when they are used to support RPD rests under functional loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five caries-free intact maxillary molars of similar coronal size were collected and divided into 5 equal groups (n=7): Enamel (Control) group: rest seats prepared entirely in enamel; Class I Incremental group: Class I cavities restored with incrementally placed nanohybrid resin composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram); Class II Incremental group: Mesio-occlusal (MO) Class II cavities restored with Tetric N-Ceram; Class I Bulk-fill group: Class I cavities restored with high-viscosity bulk-fill hybrid resin composite (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill); and Class II Bulk-fill group: MO Class II cavities restored with Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill. Occlusal rest seats were prepared mesially in all groups, and clasp assemblies were fabricated and cast in cobalt-chromium alloy. Specimens with their clasp assemblies were subjected to thermomechanical cycling using a mechanical cycling machine (250 000 masticatory cycles) and 5000 thermal cycles (5 °C to 50 °C). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a contact profilometer before and after cycling. Fracture analysis was done using stereomicroscopy, and margin analysis was done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after cycling. Statistical analysis of Ra was conducted using ANOVA followed by the Scheffé test for between-group comparison and paired t test for within-group comparison. The Fisher exact probability test was used for fracture analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was used for between-group comparison and Wilcoxon signed rank test for within-group comparison for the SEM images (α=.05). RESULTS Mean Ra increased significantly after cycling in all groups. Significant differences in Ra were found between enamel and all 4 resin groups (P<.001), with no significant differences between incremental and bulk-fill resin groups for both Class I and II specimens (P>.05). No significant differences were found between the 2 resin groups with regard to fracture and margin analysis (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The surface roughness of enamel was significantly lower than that of both incremental and bulk-fill nanocomposite resins before and after functional loading. Incremental and bulk-fill nanocomposite resins showed comparable performance in terms of surface roughness, fracture behavior, and marginal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas E Mesallum
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Possy M Abd El Aziz
- Lecturer, Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A Swelem
- Professor, Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Zamudio-Santiago J, Ladera-Castañeda M, Santander-Rengifo F, López-Gurreonero C, Cornejo-Pinto A, Echavarría-Gálvez A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Effect of 16% Carbamide Peroxide and Activated-Charcoal-Based Whitening Toothpaste on Enamel Surface Roughness in Bovine Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010022. [PMID: 36672530 PMCID: PMC9856117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activated charcoal is a nanocrystalline form of carbon with a large specific surface area and high porosity in the nanometer range, having consequently the capacity to absorb pigments, chromophores, and stains responsible for tooth color change, while carbamide peroxide is unstable and breaks down immediately upon contact with tissue and saliva, first dissociating into hydrogen peroxide and urea and subsequently into oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide and activated-charcoal-based whitening toothpaste on enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth. Materials and Methods: The present experimental in vitro, longitudinal, and prospective study consisted of 60 teeth randomly distributed in six groups: A: artificial saliva, B: conventional toothpaste (Colgate Maximum Protection), C: whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear), D: 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect 16%), E: 16% carbamide peroxide plus conventional toothpaste (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Colgate Maximum Protection), and F: 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear). Surface roughness was assessed with a digital roughness meter before and after each treatment. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t test for related samples was used, in addition to the ANOVA test for one intergroup factor, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The surface roughness variation of bovine tooth enamel, before and after application of bleaching agent, was higher in groups of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.200 µm, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.105; 0.296 µm) and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.201 µm, (CI): 0.092; 0.309 µm). In addition, bovine teeth treated with conventional toothpaste (p = 0.041), whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.001), and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.002) significantly increased their surface roughness values. On the other hand, significant differences were observed when comparing the variation in surface roughness between the application of artificial saliva (control) and the whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.031), and the 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal and in combination with 16% carbamide peroxide significantly increased enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zamudio-Santiago
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Flor Santander-Rengifo
- Academic Program of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | | | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | | | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
- Correspondence:
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Gaviria-Martinez A, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Castañeda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cachay-Criado H, Alvino-Vales M, Garcia-Luna G, López-Gurreonero C, Cornejo-Pinto A, Cayo-Rojas CF. Surface roughness and oxygen inhibited layer control in bulk-fill and conventional nanohybrid resin composites with and without polishing: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:258. [PMID: 35754035 PMCID: PMC9235274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that dental restorations with rough surfaces can have several disadvantages such as pigment retention or plaque accumulation, which can facilitate caries formation, color variation, loss of brightness, degradation of restoration, among others. The present study aimed to assess surface roughness in bulk fill and conventional nanohybrid resins with and without polishing, controlling the oxygen inhibited layer. Methods This in vitro and longitudinal experimental study consisted of 120 resin blocks of 6 mm diameter and 4 mm depth, divided into two groups: Bulk Fill (Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-fill, Opus Bulk Fill APS, Filtek™ Bulk Fill) and conventional nanohybrid (Tetric® N-Ceram, Opallis EA2, Filtek™ Z250 XT). Each resin group was divided into two equal parts, placing glycerin only on one of them, in order to control the oxygen inhibited layer. Subsequently, the surface roughness was measured before and after the polishing procedure with Sof-Lex discs. The data were analyzed with the T-test for related measures, and for comparison between groups before and after polishing, the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test with the Bonferroni post hoc was used, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Before polishing, the resin composites with the lowest surface roughness were Opus Bulk Fill APS (0.383 ± 0.186 µm) and Opallis EA2 (0.430 ± 0. 177 µm) with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, respectively; while after polishing, those with the lowest surface roughness were Opus Bulk Fill APS (0.213 ± 0.214 µm) and Tetric N-Ceram (0.097 ± 0.099 µm), with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, respectively. Furthermore, before and after polishing, all resins significantly decreased their surface roughness (p < 0.05) except Opus Bulk Fill APS resin with oxygen inhibited layer control (p = 0.125). However, when comparing this decrease among all groups, no significant differences were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion The Opus Bulk Fill APS resin with oxygen inhibited layer control presented lower surface roughness both before and after polishing, being these values similar at both times. However, after polishing the other bulk fill and conventional nanohybrid resins with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, the surface roughness decreased significantly in all groups, being this decrease similar in all of them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02297-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- "Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - María Alvino-Vales
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos López-Gurreonero
- "Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.,"Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - César F Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
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Souza KMRD, Silva RVDM, Dias MF, Lins-Filho PC, Silva CHVD, Guimarães RP. Evaluation of different composite resin finishing and polishing protocols by confocal laser scan microscopy. Braz J Oral Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8665334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to analyze the influence of finishing and polishing (F/P) protocols on resin surface through roughness (Ra) values and laser scan microscopy observations. Methods: Forty-eight (n=48) resin specimens were sorted into four groups (n=12), according to the type of resin used: Filtek Z250 (Z250), Filtek Z350 (Z350), Filtek One Bulk Fill (BF), Filtek P60 (P60). The specimens were sorted into six groups according to the type of F/P system used (n=2/group): Control group, Diamond bur (KG Sorensen), Soflex Pop-On Discs (3M ESPE), Soflex Spiral (3M ESPE), Dura Gloss (American Burs), and Praxis (TDV). Results: The highest roughness values (Ra) were attributed to BF group for all F/P systems, except for the Soft-Lex PopOn discs. The Soft-Lex PopOn, Spiral, and Praxis discs presented a better performance for the surface treatment of the tested composite resins. Regardless of the restorative material, the use of diamond bur or single-step abrasive rubber (Dura Gloss) were associated with the highest Ra values. Conclusion: The effect of F/P systems on Ra is material-dependent and instrument or system-dependent.
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Mizutani K, Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Shibasaki S, Kurokawa H, Suzuki M, Tsujimoto A, Miyazaki M. Flexural Properties and Polished Surface Characteristics of a Structural Colored Resin Composite. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E117-E131. [PMID: 34370032 DOI: 10.2341/20-154-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the flexural properties and surface characteristics of a structural colored resin composite after different finishing and polishing methods, in comparison to those of conventional resin composites. METHODS AND MATERIALS A structural color resin composite, Omnichroma (OM, Tokuyama Corp, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan), and two comparison resin composites, Filtek Supreme Ultra (FS, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram (TE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), were used. The flexural properties of the resin composites were determined in accordance with the ISO 4049 specifications. For surface properties, 70 polymerized specimens of each resin composite were prepared and divided into seven groups of 10. Surface roughness (Sa), gloss (GU), and surface free energy (SFE) were investigated after the following finishing and polishing methods. Three groups of specimens were finished with a superfine-grit diamond bur (SFD), and three with a tungsten carbide bur (TCB). After finishing, one of the two remaining groups was polished with a one-step silicone point (CMP), and the other with an aluminum oxide flexible disk (SSD). A group ground with SiC 320-grit was set as a baseline. RESULTS The average flexural strength ranged from 116.6 to 142.3 MPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average E ranged from 6.8 to 13.2 GPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average R ranged from 0.77 to 1.01 MJ/mm3 in the following order: OM > FS > TE. The Sa values of the OM groups polished with CMP and SSD were found to be significantly lower than those of the other resin composites, regardless of the finishing method. The GU values appeared to be dependent on the material and the finishing method used. The OM specimens polished with SSD showed significantly higher GU values than those polished with CMP. Most of the resin composites polished with SSD demonstrated significantly higher γS values compared to the other groups. Extremely strong negative correlations between Sa and GU in the combined data from the three resin composites and each resin composite and between Sa and γS in the OM specimens were observed; GU showed a strong positive correlation with γS in the same material. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that both flexural and surface properties are material dependent. Furthermore, the different finishing and polishing methods used in this study were observed to affect the Sa, GU, and SFE of the resin composites.
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Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Tamura T, Yokoyama M, Hirokane E, Tsujimoto A, Miyazaki M, Kitahara N. Handling properties and surface characteristics of universal resin composites. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1390-1401. [PMID: 34229866 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the handling and surface characteristics of universal resin composites and determined the interrelations among the composites' handling, mechanical, and physical properties. METHODS Five recently introduced universal resin composites were tested. Twelve specimens per material were used to measure the stiffness and stickiness (handling properties) of the resin composite pastes. Additionally, surface properties (Knoop hardness number [KHN], surface roughness [Sa], surface gloss [SG], water contact angle [CA], and surface free energy [SFE]) of cured resin composites were determined in 12 specimens per material immediately after preparation (baseline) and after subjection to thermal cycles (TCs). RESULTS Handling and surface properties of the resin composites were material dependent. All the resin composites showed significantly lower KHN in the post-TC subgroups than that in the baseline subgroups. However, the influence of TC on the other surface properties was dependent on the material used. Some resin composites did not indicate any significant differences in Sa, SG, or CA between the baseline and post-TC groups. SIGNIFICANCE Although the resin composites in the baseline groups presented with different handling and surface properties, the surface properties of most of the composites were significantly affected by TC. Extremely strong positive or negative correlations were observed between stiffness and stickiness, KHN and Sa, KHN and SG, Sa and SG, and CA and SFE. Most correlations between the handling and surface properties were weak. Therefore, the selection of resin composites in clinical situations should be based on comprehensive consideration of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Takamizawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Yokoyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eizo Hirokane
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitahara
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Kılıç V, Gök A. Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk-fill and nano-filled resin-based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2058-2067. [PMID: 33772935 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk-fill and nano-filled resin-based composites using different methods. For the study, a total of 192 disc-shaped samples (10-mm wide and 2-mm thick) were prepared from four different bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Beautifil-Bulk Restorative and Fill Up) and two nano-filled resin-based composites (Ceram.x SphereTEC and Filtek Z550). The samples in each composite group were divided into four subgroups according to the polishing system to be used (n = 8). Four different polishing systems (Sof-Lex Diamond, Clearfil Twist Dia, HiLuster Plus, OptiDisc) were applied. Then, surface roughness measurements were carried out using a contact-type profilometer. One sample from each group was subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. Surface roughness (Ra) values were statistically analyzed in terms of composites and polishing systems using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons among groups were performed using the Tukey test (α = .05). Surface roughness values differed significantly in relation to the composite and polishing system used (p < .05). Among all composites, the lowest surface roughness values were obtained in the groups treated with the OptiDisc polishing system (except Beautifil-Bulk Restorative), whereas the highest roughness values were observed in the group polished with Clearfil Twist Dia (except Filtek Z550). X-tra fil showed the highest roughness value with all polishing systems tested. The findings of AFM analyses were consistent with profilometric measurements. The nano-filled resin-based composites showed smoother surface than bulk-fill composites and the type of the polishing systems was found to affect surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahti Kılıç
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Adem Gök
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Aljamhan A, Habib SR, AlSarhan MA, AlZahrani B, AlOtaibi H, AlSunaidi N. Effect of Finishing and Polishing on The Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composites. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of three finishing/polishing systems on the surface roughness (Ra) of conventional and Bulk-fill composite resins.
Materials and methods:
The Ra values of three different brands of Bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill®, 3M ESPE; SonicFill Bulk-fill®, Kerr; SDR Bulk-fill®, Dentsply) were tested and compared with the Ra of a conventional composite (Filtek XT Z350®, 3M ESPE). A total of 30 discs (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated from four test materials and divided into three groups (n = 10/group) depending on the three finishing/polishing systems used (Astropol®, Ivoclar Vivadent; PoGo®, Dentsply; Sof-LexTM®, 3M ESPE). The Ra of each specimen was recorded with an optical profilometer (Contour-GT-X®, USA). ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results:
Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the Ra values of all composite materials tested with three finishing/polishing systems. Among composite materials, only Group-III showed a significant difference (P = 0.003) in Ra obtained using all three finishing/polishing systems. SDR Bulk-fill® and Filtek XT Z350® showed the highest (0.810 ± 0.373 µm) and lowest (0.365 ± 0.119 µm) Ra values, respectively. Individually, the highest Ra was recorded for SDR Bulk-fill® when it was finished/polished with the Astropol® system. SonicFill Bulk-fill® and SDR Bulk-fill® composites exhibited the lowest Ra values when they were finished with the PoGo® system.
Conclusion:
Finishing and polishing techniques greatly affect the surface roughness of different Bulk-fill composites because variations in the surface roughness were observed for all tested composite materials. Filtek XT Z350® exhibited the lowest surface roughness, while SDR Bulk-fill® exhibited the highest surface roughness among the tested composite materials.
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Arruda MM, Toppino MA, Barbosa GM, Costi HT, Silva CM, Nogueira Araújo JL. Effect of Fluoride Gels on the Surface Roughness of Different Composite Resins. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The pH of fluoride gels influences the roughness of composite resins, which affects their clinical durability.
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of fluoride gels (1.23% acidified phosphate fluoride and neutral fluoride) on the morphology of different composite resins after finishing and polishing.
Methods:
We prepared sixty specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n = 10), according to the type of composite resin (Z250 micro-hybrid (Z), Filtek Z350 XT nanoparticles (XT), and Tetric N-Ceram nano-hybrid (TC)) and fluoride gel treatment (1.23% acidified phosphate (APF) or neutral fluoride (NF)) to measure surface roughness (Ra). The material was light-cured using an LED-curing unit (Elipar Freelight Deep Cure-3M/ESPE) for 20 s with a light intensity of 1.200 mW/cm2. Ra measurements were performed before and after treatment with different fluoride gels using a rugosimeter (Mitutoyo SJ210). After Ra, we selected two samples from each group for evaluation using scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey tests, with a significance of 5%.
Results:
The average Ra before and after NF did not differ statistically. The average Ra values of the groups treated with APF showed statistically significant differences. The photomicrographs of the groups treated with NF were similar to those of the groups without fluoride treatment. The APF-treated groups showed significant morphological changes.
Conclusion:
NF did not promote changes in the morphology of the evaluated composite resins, in contrast to APF, which caused significant changes.
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Granat M, Cieloszyk J, Kowalska U, Buczkowska-radlińska J, Łagocka R. Surface Geometry of Four Conventional Nanohybrid Resin-Based Composites and Four Regular Viscosity Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites after Two-Step Polishing Procedure. BioMed Research International 2020; 2020:1-9. [PMID: 32851084 PMCID: PMC7441458 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6203053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative surface structure of contemporary RBCs in posterior teeth reconstructions: regular viscosity bulk fill and conventional composites, obtained after two-stage polishing procedure. Materials and Methods. Four conventional nanohybrid composites (Tetric EvoCeram, GrandioSO, Filtek Z550, and Ceram·X Mono) and four regular viscosity bulk fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, and QuixFil) were tested. Samples of each RBC were prepared using PMMA cylindrical mold. After two-step polishing procedure, a surface geometry was evaluated under profilometry (Turbowave v. 7.36, Hommel-Etamic) and SEM (VEGA 3, Tescan Analytics). To evaluate differences between values, the following nonparametric tests were used: Friedman’s ANOVA, Wilcoxon’s matched-pair test, ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U. Results. All conventional RBCs showed Ra values in the range of 0.20-0.26 μm. Bulk fill showed higher values in range of 0.49-1.36 μm except for Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, which achieved 0.23 μm Ra value. SEM images of conventional RBCs were described as smooth surfaces with slight damage except for TEC, which presented smooth surface with no damage. Bulk fill composites showed rough surface, except for TBF, which presented smooth surface with slight damage. Conclusions. Regular viscosity bulk fill composites do not constitute a homogeneous group regarding surface roughness after polishing. They obtain, for the most part, poorer smoothness values after polishing than conventional RBCs.
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Babina K, Polyakova M, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Arakelyan M, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Sequences on The Surface Roughness of Three Different Nanocomposites and Composite/Enamel and Composite/Cementum Interfaces. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10071339. [PMID: 32659992 PMCID: PMC7407209 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of final surface treatment and dental composite type on the roughness of the composite surface, composite/enamel interface, and composite/cementum interface, as well as on the polishing time. Class V cavities prepared in extracted teeth (n = 126) were restored using one of the three nanohybrid composites with different filler sizes. The specimens were randomly assigned to three different finishing and polishing sequences. The roughness (Ra) of the investigated surfaces was measured using the contact profilometer. The time required to achieve visible gloss was documented. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). There was no significant influence of the composite type on the restoration surface roughness (p = 0.088), while the polishing method had a significant impact (p < 0.001). The Ra of the composites ranged between 0.08 µm and 0.29 µm, with the lowest values (0.09 µm ± 0.05 µm) found in the aluminum oxide disc group (p < 0.001). The time to achieve a visible composite gloss was influenced by the polishing method, composite type, and interactions between these factors (p < 0.001). The interface roughness was significantly greater than that of the composite surface (p < 0.001), and depended on the composite type and polishing system employed.
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