1
|
Lee DF, Lethem MI, Lansley AB. A comparison of three mucus-secreting airway cell lines (Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T) for use as biopharmaceutical models of the nose and lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:159-174. [PMID: 34332033 PMCID: PMC8422164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare three existing mucus-secreting airway cell lines for use as models of the airways to study drug transport in the presence of mucus. Each cell line secreted mature, glycosylated mucins, evidenced by the enzyme-linked lectin assay. The secretagogue, adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, increased mucin secretion in SPOC1 (3.5-fold) and UNCN3T (1.5-fold) cells but not in Calu-3 cells. In a novel mucus-depleted (MD) model the amount of mucus in the non-depleted wells was 3-, 8- and 4-fold higher than in the mucus-depleted wells of the Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells respectively. The permeability of 'high mucus' cells to testosterone was significantly less in SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05) but not Calu-3 cells. Mucin secretion and cytokine release were investigated as indicators of drug irritancy in the SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines. A number of inhaled drugs significantly increased mucin secretion at high concentrations and the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from SPOC1 or UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05). SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines are better able to model the effect of mucus on drug absorption than the Calu-3 cell line and are proposed for use in assessing drug-mucus interactions in inhaled drug and formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane F Lee
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK(1).
| | - Michael I Lethem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alison B Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai H, Deng HB, Wang YH, Guo JJ. Resveratrol inhibits the growth of gastric cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1579-1583. [PMID: 30008840 PMCID: PMC6036503 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on the growth of gastric cancer cells through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were studied. First we determined the effective concentration of resveratrol on the growth and proliferation of MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay showed that resveratrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol induced apoptotic morphological changes in MGC-803 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that resveratrol downregulated the expression of three important components of the Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1, at the mRNA and protein levels. Overall, resveratrol inhibits the growth of MGC-803 cells by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides a new idea and direction for the antitumor mechanism of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- Department of Tumor and Blood Disease, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Bo Deng
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Stomach Disease, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hong Wang
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Stomach Disease, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Juan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Zhang L, Huo X. Inhibitory effects of aesculetin on the proliferation of colon cancer cells by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7118-7122. [PMID: 29725434 PMCID: PMC5920234 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of aesculetin on the growth of colon cancer cell line SW480 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was studied. The appropriate concentration of aesculetin was selected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the effect of aesculetin on the proliferation of SW480 cells was investigated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. The expression level of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in β-catenin and Wnt signaling pathway target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1, was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins were detected by western blotting. CCK-8 detection results showed that compared with the control group, aesculetin effectively inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells. BrdU detection results indicated that the number of BrdU positive cells in all the groups treated with drugs was significantly decreased. The of RT-PCR results suggested that aesculetin reduced the expression level of β-catenin mRNA and inhibited the expression of mRNA in the Wnt signaling pathway target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Western blotting detection results revealed that aesculetin downregulated the expression level of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins. Aesculetin can inhibit tumor growth by suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides a new idea and direction for the antitumor mechanism of aesculetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Oncology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Proctology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frazier KS. Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1243-1256. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
5
|
Remote activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway using functionalised magnetic particles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121761. [PMID: 25781466 PMCID: PMC4363733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling pathways play crucial roles in developmental biology, stem cell fate and tissue patterning and have become an attractive therapeutic target in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Wnt signalling has also been shown to play a role in human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hMSC) fate, which have shown potential as a cell therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Previous work has shown that biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) can be used to stimulate specific mechanosensitive membrane receptors and ion channels in vitro and in vivo. Using this strategy, we determined the effects of mechano-stimulation of the Wnt Frizzled receptor on Wnt pathway activation in hMSC. Frizzled receptors were tagged using anti-Frizzled functionalised MNP (Fz-MNP). A commercially available oscillating magnetic bioreactor (MICA Biosystems) was used to mechanically stimulate Frizzled receptors remotely. Our results demonstrate that Fz-MNP can activate Wnt/β-catenin signalling at key checkpoints in the signalling pathway. Immunocytochemistry indicated nuclear localisation of the Wnt intracellular messenger β-catenin after treatment with Fz-MNP. A Wnt signalling TCF/LEF responsive luciferase reporter transfected into hMSC was used to assess terminal signal activation at the nucleus. We observed an increase in reporter activity after treatment with Fz-MNP and this effect was enhanced after mechano-stimulation using the magnetic array. Western blot analysis was used to probe the mechanism of signalling activation and indicated that Fz-MNP signal through an LRP independent mechanism. Finally, the gene expression profiles of stress response genes were found to be similar when cells were treated with recombinant Wnt-3A or Fz-MNP. This study provides proof of principle that Wnt signalling and Frizzled receptors are mechanosensitive and can be remotely activated in vitro. Using magnetic nanoparticle technology it may be possible to modulate Wnt signalling pathways and thus control stem cell fate for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Wilms' tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal cancer. The tumors morphologically resemble embryonic kidneys with a disrupted architecture and are associated with undifferentiated metanephric precursors. Here, we discuss genetic and epigenetic findings in Wilms' tumor in the context of renal development. Many of the genes implicated in Wilms' tumorigenesis are involved in the control of nephron progenitors or the microRNA (miRNA) processing pathway. Whereas the first group of genes has been extensively studied in normal development, the second finding suggests important roles for miRNAs in general-and specific miRNAs in particular-in normal kidney development that still await further analysis. The recent identification of Wilms' tumor cancer stem cells could provide a framework to integrate these pathways and translate them into new or improved therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom;
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CITED1 confers stemness to Wilms tumor and enhances tumorigenic responses when enriched in the nucleus. Oncotarget 2015; 5:386-402. [PMID: 24481423 PMCID: PMC3964215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer and retains gene expression profiles reminiscent of the embryonic kidney. We have shown previously that CITED1, a transcriptional regulator that labels the self-renewing, multipotent nephron progenitor population of the developing kidney, is robustly expressed across all major WT disease and patient characteristics. In this malignant context, CITED1 becomes enriched in the nucleus, which deviates from its cytosolic predominance in embryonic nephron progenitors. We designed the current studies to test the functional and mechanistic effects of differential CITED1 subcellular localization on WT behavior. To mimic its subcellular distribution observed in clinical WT specimens, CITED1 was misexpressed ectopically in the human WT cell line, WiT49, as either a wild-type (predominantly cytosolic) or a mutant, but transcriptionally active, protein (two point mutations in its nuclear export signal, CITED1ΔNES; nuclear-enriched). In vitro analyses showed that CITED1ΔNES enhanced WiT49 proliferation and colony formation in soft agar relative to wild-type CITED1 and empty vector controls. The nuclear-enriched CITED1ΔNES cell line showed the greatest tumor volumes after xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice (n=15 animals per cell line). To elucidate CITED1 gene targets in this model, microarray profiling showed that wildtype CITED1 foremost upregulated LGR5 (stem cell marker), repressed CDH6 (early marker of epithelial commitment of nephron progenitors), and altered expression of specific WNT pathway participants. In summary, forced nuclear enrichment of CITED1 in a human WT cell line appears to enhance tumorigenicity, whereas ectopic cytosolic expression confers stem-like properties and an embryonic phenotype, analogous to the developmental context.
Collapse
|
8
|
Castiglioni V, De Maglie M, Queliti R, Rustighi A, Del Sal G, Radaelli E. Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Renal Nephroblastoma in a Trp53-mutant and Prolyl Isomerase 1-deficient Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 26:423-7. [PMID: 24526816 PMCID: PMC3921926 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A nephroblastoma is a tumor arising from metanephric blastema occurring in childhood.
Among laboratory rodents, nephroblastoma has been frequently reported in rats, but it
remains exceedingly rare in mice. The present work describes a nephroblastoma in a young
mouse homozygous for the specific Trp53 R172H point mutation coupled with targeted
deletion of the Pin1 gene. The affected kidney was effaced by a biphasic
tumor with an epithelial component arranged in tubules surrounded by nests of blastemal
cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasm was diffusely positive for Wilms’ tumor
antigen. The epithelial component expressed markers of renal tubular differentiation
including wide-spectrum cytokeratin, E-cadherin and folate-binding protein. Furthermore,
the neoplasm exhibited a high proliferative index and diffuse nucleocytoplasmic β-catenin
expression. Based on histological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of
nephroblastoma potentially associated with Trp53 loss and oncogenic
β-catenin activation has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria (DIVET), Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy ; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles, 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles, 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Queliti
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa, via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria (DIVET), Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy ; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles, 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Emoto Y, Kimura A, Uehara N, Yuri T, Shikata N, Tsubura A. N -Methyl- N -nitrosourea-induced Renal Tumors in Rats: Immunohistochemical Comparison to Human Wilms Tumors. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:141-8. [PMID: 23914056 PMCID: PMC3695336 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced renal tumors in rats and Wilms tumors in humans were compared. Renal mesenchymal tumors (RMTs) and nephroblastomas (blastemal and epithelial components) in female Lewis rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg MNU at birth and Wilms tumors (blastemal, epithelial and mesenchymal components) in humans were analyzed for the expression of pancytokeratin (CK), vimentin, p63, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S-100, CD57, CD117/c-kit, Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) and β-catenin. The mesenchymal components of rat RMTs and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin, SMA and β-catenin. The blastemal components of rat nephroblastomas and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin, CD117/c-kit and β-catenin. The epithelial components of rat nephroblastomas and human Wilms tumors expressed vimentin and β-catenin. WT1 was expressed in different cellular components of rat tumors as compared with human Wilms tumors; the expression was seen in mesenchymal tumors and blastemal components of nephroblastomas in rats and epithelial components in human Wilms tumors. CK, p63 and CD57 were not expressed in rat RMTs or nephroblastomas, while CK and WT1 were expressed in epithelial components and CD57 was expressed in blastemal and epithelial components of human Wilms tumors. Rat and human tumors were universally negative for the expression of desmin and S-100. The immunohistochemical characteristics of rat renal tumors and human Wilms tumors may provide valuable information on the differences in renal oncogenesis and biology between the two species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Murphy AJ, Pierce J, de Caestecker C, Taylor C, Anderson JR, Perantoni AO, de Caestecker MP, Lovvorn HN. SIX2 and CITED1, markers of nephronic progenitor self-renewal, remain active in primitive elements of Wilms' tumor. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1239-49. [PMID: 22703800 PMCID: PMC3377935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SIX2 and CITED1 are transcriptional regulators that specify self-renewing nephronic progenitor cells of the embryonic kidney. We hypothesized that SIX2, which promotes and maintains this stem cell population, and CITED1 remain active in Wilms' tumor (WT). METHODS To evaluate expression domains and the pathogenic significance of SIX2 and CITED1 across WT, the Children's Oncology Group provided 40 WT specimens of stages I to IV (n = 10 per stage), which were enriched for unfavorable histology (n = 20) and treatment failure (relapse or death, n = 20). SIX2 and CITED1 protein expression was evaluated qualitatively (immunohistochemistry) and quantitatively (Western blot, or WB). Gene transcription was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS SIX2 was visualized by immunohistochemistry in 36 (94.7%) of 38 specimens. Protein and messenger RNA expression of SIX2 were quantitatively similar across all stages of disease (P = .48 WB; P = 0.38 qPCR), in favorable or unfavorable histology (P = 0.51 WB; P = 0.58 qPCR), and in treatment failure or success (P = 0.86 WB; P = 0.49 qPCR). Although CITED1 expression paralleled SIX2 qualitatively, no quantitative correlation between SIX2 and CITED1 expression was observed (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.28; P = 0.08). As in the fetal kidney, overlapping, but also distinct, WT cellular expression domains were observed between SIX2 and CITED1. CONCLUSION SIX2 and CITED1 remain active across all disease characteristics of WT. Activity of these genes in WT potentially identifies a population of self-renewing cancer cells that exhibit an embryonic, stemlike phenotype. Taken together, these transcriptional regulators may be fundamental to WT cellular self-renewal and may represent targets for novel therapies that promote terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Murphy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Janene Pierce
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Christian de Caestecker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Chase Taylor
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - James R. Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics, Children’s Oncology Group and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Alan O. Perantoni
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Mark P. de Caestecker
- Departments of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Harold N. Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murphy AJ, Axt JR, de Caestecker C, Pierce J, Correa H, Seeley EH, Caprioli RM, Newton MW, de Caestecker MP, Lovvorn HN. Molecular characterization of Wilms' tumor from a resource-constrained region of sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E983-94. [PMID: 22437966 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan African children have an increased incidence of Wilms' tumor (WT) and experience alarmingly poor outcomes. Although these outcomes are largely due to inadequate therapy, we hypothesized that WT from this region exhibits features of biological aggressiveness that may warrant broader implementation of high-risk therapeutic protocols. We evaluated 15 Kenyan WT (KWT) for features of aggressive disease (blastemal predominance and Ki67/cellular proliferation) and treatment resistance (anaplasia and p53 immunopositivity). To explore the additional biological features of KWT, we determined the mutational status of the CTNNB1/β-catenin and WT1 genes and performed immunostaining for markers of Wnt pathway activation (β-catenin) and nephronic progenitor cell self-renewal (WT1, CITED1 and SIX2). We characterized the proteome of KWT using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). The results were compared to histology- and age-matched North American WT (NAWT) controls. For patients with KWT, blastemal predominance was noted in 53.3% and anaplasia in 13%. We detected increased loss to follow-up (p = 0.028), disease relapse (p = 0.044), mortality (p = 0.001) and nuclear unrest (p = 0.001) in patients with KWT compared to controls. KWT and NAWT showed similar Ki67/cellular proliferation. We detected an increased proportion of epithelial nuclear β-catenin in KWT (p = 0.013). All 15 KWT specimens were found to harbor wild-type CTNNB1/β-catenin, and one contained a WT1 nonsense mutation. WT1 was detected by immunostaining in 100% of KWT, CITED1 in 80% and SIX2 in 80%. IMS revealed a molecular signature unique to KWT that was distinct from NAWT. The African WT specimens appear to express markers of adverse clinical behavior and treatment resistance and may require alternative therapies or implementation of high-risk treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clark PE, Polosukhina D, Love H, Correa H, Coffin C, Perlman EJ, de Caestecker M, Moses HL, Zent R. β-Catenin and K-RAS synergize to form primitive renal epithelial tumors with features of epithelial Wilms' tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:3045-55. [PMID: 21983638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common childhood renal cancer. Although mutations in known tumor-associated genes (WT1, WTX, and CATNB) occur only in a third of tumors, many tumors show evidence of activated β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling, but the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. A key obstacle to understanding the pathogenesis of WT is the paucity of mouse models that recapitulate its features in humans. Herein, we describe a transgenic mouse model of primitive renal epithelial neoplasms that have high penetrance and mimic the epithelial component of human WT. Introduction of a stabilizing β-catenin mutation restricted to the kidney is sufficient to induce primitive renal epithelial tumors; however, when compounded with activation of K-RAS, the mice develop large, bilateral, metastatic, multifocal primitive renal epithelial tumors that have the histologic and staining characteristics of the epithelial component of human WT. These highly malignant tumors have increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, increased expression of total and nuclear β-catenin, and increased downstream targets of this pathway, such as c-Myc and survivin. Thus, we developed a novel mouse model in which activated K-RAS synergizes with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to form metastatic primitive renal epithelial tumors that mimic the epithelial component of human WT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Wilms' tumour (WT) is an embryonal cancer of childhood and is thought to be derived from embryonic kidney precursor cells. The Knudson two hit model was initially thought to occur in WT, but findings emerging from genetic and cytogenetic studies in the past two decades have implicated several genetic events. Recent techniques in genetic analysis have improved our ability to characterise changes in genes involved in WT which include WT1, CTNNB1, IGF2 and WTX. These genetic events have not only provided insight into the pathobiology of this malignancy, but the recognition of these candidate genes may offer potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathological, genetic and cytogenetic characteristics of WT.
Collapse
|
14
|
Diwan BA, Timofeeva O, Rice JM, Yang Y, Sharma N, Fortini ME, Wang H, Perantoni AO. Inheritance of susceptibility to induction of nephroblastomas in the Noble rat. Differentiation 2009; 77:424-32. [PMID: 19281789 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noble (Nb) strain rats are susceptible to nephroblastoma induction with transplacental exposure to direct-acting alkylating agent N-nitrosoethylurea (ENU), while F344 strain rats are highly resistant. To study the inheritance of susceptibility to induction of these embryonal renal tumors, fetal Nb and F344 rats and F1, F2 and reciprocal backcross hybrids were exposed transplacentally to ENU once on day 18 of gestation. Nephroblastomas developed in 53% of Nb offspring with no apparent gender difference, while no nephroblastomas developed in inbred F344 offspring. F1 and F2 hybrid offspring had intermediate responses, 28% and 30%, respectively. Nephroblastoma incidence in the offspring of F1 hybrids backcrossed to the susceptible strain Nb was 46%, while that in F1 hybrids backcrossed to resistant strain F344 was much lower (16%). Carcinogenic susceptibility is therefore consistent with the involvement of one major autosomal locus; the operation of a gene dosage effect; and a lack of simple Mendelian dominance for either susceptibility or resistance. Since established Wilms tumor-associated suppressor genes, Wt1 and Wtx, were not mutated in normal or neoplastic tissues, genomic profiling was performed on isolated Nb and F344 metanephric progenitors to identify possible predisposing factors to nephroblastoma induction. Genes preferentially elevated in expression in Nb rat progenitors included Wnt target genes Epidermal growth factor receptor, Inhibitor of DNA binding 2, and Jagged1, which were further increased in nephroblastomas. These studies demonstrate the value of this model for genetic analysis of nephroblastoma development and implicate both the Wnt and Notch pathways in its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra A Diwan
- Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|