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Pernigoni M, Calleja-González J, Lukonaitienė I, Tessitore A, Stanislovaitienė J, Kamarauskas P, Conte D. Comparative Effectiveness of Active Recovery and Static Stretching During Post-Exercise Recovery in Elite Youth Basketball. Res Q Exerc Sport 2024; 95:272-280. [PMID: 37039750 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2195457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of active recovery (AR) versus static stretching (SS) during post-exercise recovery in basketball. Methods: Using a counterbalanced crossover design, 17 elite youth male players completed two 90-min training sessions, followed by either AR or SS. Differences in jump height (CMJ), heart rate variability (Ln-rMSSD), muscle soreness (VAS), perceived recovery (TQR) and hormonal biomarkers (cortisol, testosterone, testosterone:cortisol ratio) between interventions were assessed at pre-session, post-session (except hormonal biomarkers), post-recovery and 24 h post-session. Differences in Ln-rMSSD were additionally assessed upon awakening on training day, and the following morning. Results: No significant differences were found between interventions at corresponding time points (p > .05). However, the within-intervention time course of recovery differed, as CMJ values were lower at post-recovery, compared with all other time points, in SS only (p < .05, effect size [ES] moderate-to-very large). Additionally, Ln-rMSSD values failed to return to baseline at post-recovery in AR only (p < .05, ES large-to-very large). Similarly, TQR scores were impaired at post-session and post-recovery in AR only (p < .05, ES moderate-to-large). No differences were reported for the remaining variables (p > .05). Conclusion: Differences between AR and SS were probably due to short-term phenomena, indicating that neither strategy was likely superior for improving recovery in the longer term. Overall, neither strategy seemed to significantly improve post-exercise recovery.
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Palucci Vieira LH, Carling C, Kalva-Filho CA, Santinelli FB, Velluto LAG, da Silva JP, Clemente FM, Kellis E, Barbieri FA. Recovery of kicking kinematics and performance following repeated high-intensity running bouts in the heat: Can a rapid local cooling intervention help young soccer players? J Sports Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37279300 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2220194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a cooling strategy following repeated high-intensity running (RHIR) on soccer kicking performance in a hot environment (>30ºC) were investigated in youth soccer players. Fifteen academy under-17 players participated. In Experiment 1, players completed an all-out RHIR protocol (10×30 m, with 30s intervals). In Experiment 2 (cross-over design), participants performed this running protocol under two conditions: (1) following RHIR 5 minutes of cooling where ice packs were applied to the quadriceps/hamstrings, (2) a control condition involving passive resting. Perceptual measures [ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain and recovery], thigh temperature and kick-derived video three-dimensional kinematics (lower limb) and performance (ball speed and two-dimensional placement indices) were collected at baseline, post-exercise and intervention. In Experiment 1, RHIR led to small-to-large impairments (p < 0.03;d = -0.42--1.83) across perceptual, kinematic and performance measures. In experiment 2, RPE (p < 0.01; Kendall's W = 0.30) and mean radial error (p = 0.057; η2 = 0.234) increased only post-control. Significant small declines in ball speed were also observed post-control (p < 0.05; d = 0.35). Post-intervention foot centre-of-mass velocity was moderately faster in the cooling compared to control condition (p = 0.04; d = 0.60). In youth soccer players, a short cooling period was beneficial in counteracting declines in kicking performance, in particular ball placement, following intense running activity in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Palucci Vieira
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Christopher Carling
- FFF Research Centre, French Football Federation, Clairefontaine National Football Centre, Clairefontaine-En-Yvelines, France
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Santinelli
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo A G Velluto
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - João Pedro da Silva
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Filipe M Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'álvares, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Eleftherios Kellis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Faculty of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Dept, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
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Palucci Vieira LH, Santinelli FB, Carling C, Kellis E, Santiago PRP, Barbieri FA. Acute Effects of Warm-Up, Exercise and Recovery-Related Strategies on Assessments of Soccer Kicking Performance: A Critical and Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:661-705. [PMID: 33332012 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of reviews have collated information on the impact of warming-up, physical exertion and recovery strategies on physical, subjective and physiological markers in soccer players yet none have solely analyzed their potential effects on components of kicking performance. OBJECTIVE To systematically analyse the influence of warm-up, exercise and/or recovery-related strategies on kicking performance in male soccer players and provide a critical appraisal on research paradigm related to kicking testing constraints and data acquisition methods. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed (until July 2020) in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and ProQuest. Studies in male soccer populations, which included the effects of warm-up routines, physical exercise and/or recovery-related interventions, reported on comparisons pre-post or between experimental conditions and that computed at least one measure of kicking kinematics and/or performance were considered. Methodological quality and risk of bias were determined for the included studies. Constraints related to kicking testing and data acquisition methods were also summarized and discussed. RESULTS Altogether, 52 studies were included. Of these, 10 examined the respective effects of a warm-up, 34 physical exercise, and 21 recovery-related strategies. The results of eight studies showed that lower limb kinematics, kicking accuracy or ball velocity were improved following warm-ups involving dynamic but not static stretching. Declines in ball velocity occurred notably following intermittent endurance or graded until exhaustion exercise (three studies in both cases) without inclusion of any ball skills. In contrast, conflicting evidence in five studies was observed regarding ball velocity following intermittent endurance exercise interspersed with execution of ball skills. Kicking accuracy was less frequently affected by physical exercise (remained stable across 14 of 19 studies). One investigation indicated that consumption of a carbohydrate beverage pre- and mid-exercise demonstrated benefits in counteracting the potentially deleterious consequences of exercise on ball velocity, while four studies reported conflicting results regarding kicking accuracy. Most evidence synthesized for the interventions demonstrated moderate level (77%) and unclear-to-high risk of bias in at least one item evaluated (98%). The main limitations identified across studies were kicks generally performed over short distances (50%), in the absence of opposition (96%), and following experimental instructions which did not concomitantly consider velocity and accuracy (62%). Also, notational-based metrics were predominantly used to obtain accuracy outcomes (54%). CONCLUSIONS The results from this review can help inform future research and practical interventions in an attempt to measure and optimise soccer kicking performance. However, given the risk of bias and a relative lack of strong evidence, caution is required when applying some of the current findings in practice. PROSPERO ID CRD42018096942.
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Calleja-González J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Miguel-Ortega Á, Marqués-Jiménez D, Del Valle M, Ostojic SM, Sampaio J, Terrados N, Refoyo I. Post-exercise Recovery Methods Focus on Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:505149. [PMID: 34093216 PMCID: PMC8173167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.505149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prescription of post-match or post-training recovery strategies in young soccer players is a key point to optimize soccer performance. Considering that the effectiveness of recovery strategies may present interindividual variability, scientific evidence-based recovery methods and protocols used in adults are possibly not applicable to young soccer players. Therefore, the current systematic review primarily aimed to present a critical appraisal and summary of the original research articles that have evaluated the effectiveness of recovery strategies in young male soccer players and to provide sufficient knowledge regarding the effectiveness of the recovery methods and strategies. Methodology: A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines until November 31, 2020, using the next data bases: WOS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Evidence Database (PEDro), Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Search review, EMBASE, and Scopus. There were no filters applied. Results: A total of 638 articles were obtained in the initial search. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample was 10 articles focusing on recovery in young male players. Conclusions: Neuromuscular performance can be recovered using WVB but not with SS, and water immersion protocols may also be useful, but their positive effects are not significant, and it is unable to distinguish the best water immersion method; match running performance maintenance may be achieved using water immersion protocols but no other recovery methods have been investigated; EIMD and inflammatory responses could be positively affected when water immersion and AR are applied, although SS seems to be ineffective; perceptual responses also seem to be better with CWI and WVB, but contradictory results have been found when AR is applied, and SS had no positive impact. Finally, it is important to consider that AR strategies may modify HR response and soccer-specific performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Diego Marqués-Jiménez
- Academy Department, Deportivo Alavés SAD, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Valle
- Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine, Aviles and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Aviles, Spain
| | - Ignacio Refoyo
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Eliakim A, Falk B, Armstrong N, Baptista F, Behm DG, Dror N, Faigenbaum AD, Janz KF, Jürimäe J, McGowan AL, Nemet D, Pianosi PT, Pontifex MB, Radom-Aizik S, Rowland T, Rowlands AV. Expert's Choice: 2018's Most Exciting Research in the Field of Pediatric Exercise Science. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:1-27. [PMID: 30760123 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights 23 noteworthy publications from 2018, selected by leading scientists in pediatric exercise science. These publications have been deemed as significant or exciting in the field as they (a) reveal a new mechanism, (b) highlight a new measurement tool, (c) discuss a new concept or interpretation/application of an existing concept, or (d) describe a new therapeutic approach or clinical tool in youth. In some cases, findings in adults are highlighted, as they may have important implications in youth. The selected publications span the field of pediatric exercise science, specifically focusing on: aerobic exercise and training; neuromuscular physiology, exercise, and training; endocrinology and exercise; resistance training; physical activity and bone strength; growth, maturation, and exercise; physical activity and cognition; childhood obesity, physical activity, and exercise; pulmonary physiology or diseases, exercise, and training; immunology and exercise; cardiovascular physiology and disease; and physical activity, inactivity, and health.
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