Low sirtuin-1 levels are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus

SIRT1-Mediated Regulation of STAT3/SOCS3 Inhibits Insulin Resistance in Trophoblast Cells and Improves Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) frequently arises during pregnancy and is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). The objective of this study was to explore the role of SIRT1 and possible processes involved in the IR of GDM trophoblast cells. An IR cell model induced by glucosamine and a GDM mouse model induced by high-fat and high-sugar feeding were constructed. Cell viability was determined by a CCK-8 assay, and the presence of associated proteins was identified through western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques. Measurements of mouse body mass, fasting blood concentrationsglucose levels, fasting insulin, and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) were obtained, and placental tissues were examined using HE and PAS staining. The findings revealed reduced expression of SIRT1 in the placental tissues of GDM patients, animals, and IR cell models. The overexpression of SIRT1 can significantly increase the glucose uptake capacity and viability of IR-treated cells; increase the expression of p-IRS1, p-AKT, and GLUT4; and decrease the expression of GLUT1. Furthermore, SIRT1 diminished the expression of SOCS3 by hindering the phosphorylation and acetylation of STAT3, thereby improving IR. In the GDM mouse model, the overexpression of SIRT1 improved IR. Overall,SIRT1 reduces IR in trophoblast cells through the suppression of the STAT3-SOCS3 signaling pathway, providing a new idea for clinical intervention in GDM.

Sirtuins and Their Implications in the Physiopathology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) imposes serious short- and long-term health problems for the mother and her child. An effective therapeutic that can reduce the incidence of GDM and improve long-term outcomes is a major research priority and is very important for public health. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, the molecular mechanisms underlying GDM are not fully defined and require further study. Chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance are central features of pregnancies complicated by GDM. There is evidence of the involvement of sirtuins, which are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, in energy metabolism and inflammation. Taking these facts into consideration, the role of sirtuins in the pathomechanism of GDM will be discussed.

Expression and correlation analysis of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and pyroptosis factor in gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Globally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising each year, yet its pathophysiology is still unclear. To shed new light on the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and perhaps uncover new therapeutic targets, this study looked at the expression levels and correlations of SIRT1, SREBP1, and pyroptosis factors like NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1, and IL-18 in patients with GDM.

METHODS

This study involved a comparative analysis between two groups. The GDM group consisted of 50 GDM patients and the control group included 50 pregnant women with normal pregnancies. Detailed case data were collected for all participants. We utilized real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot techniques to assess the expression levels of SIRT1 and SREBP1 in placental tissues from both groups. Additionally, we employed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the serum levels of SIRT1, SREBP1, and pyroptosis factors, namely NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, in the patients of both groups. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between these factors and clinical.

RESULTS

The results showed that there were significantly lower expression levels of SIRT1 in both GDM group placental tissue and serum compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the expression of SREBP1 was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the serum levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly elevated in the GDM group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The expression of SIRT1 exhibited negative correlations with the expression of FPG, OGTT-1h, FINS, HOMA-IR, SREBP1, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, there was no significant correlation between SIRT1 expression and OGTT-2h, NLRP3, or Caspase-1. On the other hand, the expression of SREBP1 was positively correlated with the expression of IL-1β, Caspase-1, and IL-18, but has no apparent correlation with NLRP3.

CONCLUSIONS

Low SIRT1 levels and high SREBP1 levels in placental tissue and serum, coupled with elevated levels of pyroptosis factors NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in serum, may be linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these three factors appear to correlate with each other in the pathogenesis of GDM, offering potential directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.

Recent progress in metabolic reprogramming in gestational diabetes mellitus: a review

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disease that can impact the normal course of pregnancy and delivery, leading to adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves various factors, such as insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Metabolic reprogramming, which involves mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, is crucial for maintaining human metabolic balance and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gestational diabetes mellitus. However, research on the link and metabolic pathways between metabolic reprogramming and gestational diabetes mellitus is limited. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and gestational diabetes mellitus to provide new therapeutic strategies for maternal health during pregnancy and reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.