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Kozlov EM, Dubovets AA, Ryabova KA, Galashin AR, Levshina AR, Karsonova AV, Karaulov AV. Modern Concept of Molecular Diagnostics of Allergy to Dogs. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:715-719. [PMID: 37978146 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The number of people suffering from allergies is increasing worldwide every year. With the prevalence of domestic animals, especially dogs, allergens associated with them can be found ubiquitously, thereby increasing the risk of anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. Currently, there are 8 known dog allergens, but not all of them have been thoroughly studied. The commonly used skin prick tests often fall short and fail to provide a comprehensive assessment of a patient's condition, thus making allergy diagnosis challenging. Fortunately, the introduction of new allergy diagnostic methods has made it possible to accurately identify clinically significant allergens for patients. These findings can then be used to prescribe appropriate therapy or provide specific recommendations to the patients. This review focuses on the most important dog allergens and modern allergy diagnostic techniques that are gradually being incorporated into medical practice, thus expanding the capabilities of allergists.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Kozlov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dubovets
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Ryabova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Galashin
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Levshina
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Karsonova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Karaulov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Immunological mechanisms involved in the human response to a dog dander allergoid. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A prevalent exposure to male dog is a risk factor for exclusive allergic sensitization to Can f 5: An Italian multicenter study. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:2399-2401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Milanese M, Passalacqua G, Rogliani P. Can f 5 as a suitable marker of dog allergy: Assess male dog exposure before banning it. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1657-1658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liccardi G, Calzetta L, Milanese M, Lombardi C, Savi E, Passalacqua G, Rogliani P. Critical aspects in dog allergen immunotherapy (DAI). May Component Resolved Diagnosis (CRD) play a role in predicting the efficacy? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1438-1441. [PMID: 29381449 PMCID: PMC6037462 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1434383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that a pivotal condition determining the efficacy of dog allergen immunotherapy (DAI) might be the mono-sensitization to dog lipocalins (Can f 1-2) in individuals not directly or indirectly exposed to other furry animals. In fact, the concomitant sensitization to lipocalins and/or albumins, especially in those patients directly exposed to furry animals, may potentially stimulate patient's airways by inducing persistent inflammation and, thus, clinical symptoms. In these conditions, it is likely that DAI alone could be inadequate to reduce airway inflammation mediated by inhalation of dog allergens in patients with simultaneous exposure to other furry animals. Can f 5 has been found as exclusive allergen in about one third of dog-sensitized individuals. Considering the presence of different allergenic materials in extract of mammalian origin, it is evident that a standard DAI is not likely to be effective in Can f 5 prevalent or mono-sensitized individuals. Moreover, we would underline the need of collecting detailed information on the possible exposures to furry animals (other than the common pets), an information that usually is neglected in clinical practice. Furthermore, a detailed clinical history exploring the real significance of dog sensitization (mono or poly-sensitization, induction of clinical symptoms after exposure etc.) should be performed before prescribing DAI. In some patients, with potential high susceptibility to animal allergens, the use of CRD is essential to verify the presence of concomitant allergic sensitization to lipocalins and/or albumins belonging to other furry animals. The availability of CRD introduced the possibility of a better targeted prescription of DAI because it might be useful for point out the primary allergens and for the exclusion of cross-reactive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Liccardi
- a Department of Pulmonology , Haematology and Oncology, Division of Pulmonology and Allergology, High Speciality "A.Cardarelli" Hospital , Naples , Italy
- b Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- b Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
- c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Manlio Milanese
- d Division of Pneumology, S.Corona Hospital , Pietra Ligure (Savona) , Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- e Departmental Unit of Allergy , Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza , Brescia , Italy
| | - Eleonora Savi
- f Departmental Unit of Allergology , Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital , Piacenza , Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- g Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- b Postgraduate School of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
- c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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