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Barandiaran S, Marfil MJ, La Sala LF, Tammone A, Condori WE, Winter M, Abate S, Rosas AC, Ponce L, Carpinetti B, Serena MS, Lozano Calderón LC, Zumárraga MJ. Tuberculosis in Wild Pigs from Argentina. ECOHEALTH 2024; 21:71-82. [PMID: 38727761 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-024-01681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM), may infect wild and domestic mammals, including humans. Although cattle are the main hosts and spreaders of M. bovis, many wildlife hosts play an important role worldwide. In Argentina, wild boar and domestic pigs are considered important links in mammalian tuberculosis (mTB) transmission. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of M. bovis in wild pigs from different regions of Argentina, to characterize isolates of M. bovis obtained, and to compare those with other previously found in vertebrate hosts. A total of 311 samples from wild pigs were obtained, and bacteriological culture, molecular identification and genotyping were performed, obtaining 63 isolates (34 MTC and 29 NTM). Twelve M. bovis spoligotypes were detected. Our findings suggest that wild pigs have a prominent role as reservoirs of mTB in Argentina, based on an estimated prevalence of 11.2 ± 1.8% (95% CI 8.0-14.8) for MTC and the frequency distribution of spoligotypes shared by cattle (75%), domestic pigs (58%) and wildlife (50%). Argentina has a typical scenario where cattle and pigs are farm-raised extensively, sharing the environment with wildlife, creating conditions for effective transmission of mTB in the wildlife-livestock-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Marfil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Agostina Tammone
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Walter Ezequiel Condori
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marina Winter
- Sede Viedma del Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Viedma, Argentina
| | - Sergio Abate
- Sede Viedma del Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Viedma, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Rosas
- Programa Restauración de ambientes y especies amenazadas, Fundación Rewilding Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Loredana Ponce
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Carpinetti
- Gestión Ambiental/Ecología, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Serena
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Martín José Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Winter M, Marfil MJ, La Sala LF, Suarez M, Maidana C, Rodriguez C, Mesplet M, Abate S, Rosas C, Peña Martinez J, Barandiaran S. Serological survey suggests circulation of coronavirus on wild Suina from Argentina, 2014-2017. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:159-163. [PMID: 35652967 PMCID: PMC9161765 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses affecting pigs have been studied sporadically in wildlife. In Argentina, epidemiological surveillance of TGEV/PRCV is conducted only in domestic pigs. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TGEV/PRCV in wild Suina. Antibodies against these diseases in wild boar and captive collared peccary were surveyed by ELISA. Antibodies against TGEV were found in three collared peccaries (n = 87). No TGEV/PRCV antibodies were detected in wild boar (n = 160). Preventive measures should be conducted in contact nodes where the transmission of agents may increase. Epidemiological surveillance in wildlife populations and in captive animals before their reintroduction should be attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Winter
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro-Sede Atlántica, R8500 Viedma, Río Negro Argentina
| | - María Jimena Marfil
- Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Francisco La Sala
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcos Suarez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia Maidana
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mesplet
- Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Abate
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro-Sede Atlántica, R8500 Viedma, Río Negro Argentina
| | - Carolina Rosas
- Endangered Species and Environments Restoration Program, Rewilding Argentina Foundation, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Peña Martinez
- Endangered Species and Environments Restoration Program, Rewilding Argentina Foundation, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Barandiaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aznar MN, Bessone FA, Segurado R, Duffy SJ. Assessment of an Aujeszky's Disease Control Strategy in a Highly Prevalent Pig Farm Based on Systematic Vaccination With an Inactivated gE-Negative Marker Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852650. [PMID: 35529838 PMCID: PMC9072966 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aujeszky's disease (AD) is endemic in Argentina. In 2016, an inactivated gE- negative marker Bartha K61 vaccine (AUSKIPRA® BK) was launched for use, making Argentina the only country to carry out a control strategy plan with it. In the present article, we describe the results of a control program in a farrow-to-finishing farm with high initial AD prevalence (33% in sows), based on the systematic vaccination, detection, and elimination of seropositive pigs, the replacement of sows with vaccinated gilts, and the instauration of artificial insemination. The program was suitable for diminishing the incidence and the prevalence at levels consistent with virus eradication. This situation has been sustained over time. This is the first report of AUSKIPRA® BK efficacy under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N. Aznar
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Bessone
- Sanidad Animal, INTA, Estación Experimental (EEA) Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
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Barandiaran S, Marfil MJ, Capobianco G, Pérez Aguirreburualde MS, Zumárraga MJ, Eirin ME, Cuerda MX, Winter M, Martínez Vivot M, Perez AM, La Sala LF. Epidemiology of Pig Tuberculosis in Argentina. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:693082. [PMID: 34381835 PMCID: PMC8350762 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.693082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium bovis and that is endemic to livestock populations in most Latin American countries. Traditionally, bTB control programs are costly and targeted to cattle, largely disregarding other species such as swine and wildlife. According to official services, in Argentina disease prevalence in pigs is comparable to that observed in cattle, suggesting the need for efficient control programs to manage the disease in both species. Additionally, extensive farming systems, which are commonly practiced in Argentina, allow the interaction between livestock and wildlife such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is considered a natural host of the disease. Here, we evaluated the bTB pigs- cattle interface, studying the dynamics of M. bovis isolates in the pig population and identifying farm-level epidemiological variables associated with the disease confirmation at slaughterhouses. Additionally, to assess the potential multi-host systems in the transmission of bTB, the molecular characterization of wild boar mycobacterial strains was included in the study, as this interaction has not been previously evaluated in this region. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between farm-level epidemiological variables (location, farm size, and co-existence with cattle and goats) and bTB confirmation in pig tuberculosis-like lesions samples. Results showed that when cattle were present, the odds of bTB in pigs decreased 0.3 or 0.6% for every additional sow when cattle were present or absent in the farm, respectively. Pigs shared 60% (18/30) of the genotypes with cattle and wild boar, suggesting transmission at the interface between pigs and cattle and highlighting the potential role of wild boar in bTB maintenance. These results provide novel information about the molecular diversity of M. bovis strains in pigs in Argentina and proposes the potential relevance of a multi-host system in the epidemiology of bTB in the region. The statistical models presented here may be used in the design of a low cost, abattoir-based surveillance program for bTB in the pig industry in Argentina, with potential extension to other settings with similar epidemiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Marfil
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Capobianco
- Departamento de Matemática, Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Pérez Aguirreburualde
- Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota City, MN, United States
| | - Martín José Zumárraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Eirin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ximena Cuerda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Winter
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez Vivot
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres Maximiliano Perez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Francisco La Sala
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alarcón LV, Cipriotti PA, Monterubbianessi M, Perfumo C, Mateu E, Allepuz A. Network analysis of pig movements in Argentina: Identification of key farms in the spread of infectious diseases and their biosecurity levels. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:1152-1163. [PMID: 31785089 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study uses network analysis to evaluate how swine movements in Argentina could contribute to disease spread. Movement data for the 2014-2017 period were obtained from Argentina's online livestock traceability registry and categorized as follows: animals of high genetic value sent to other farms, animals to or from markets, animals sent to finisher operations and slaughterhouse. A network analysis was carried out considering the first three movement types. First, descriptive, centrality and cohesion measures were calculated for each movement type and year. Next, to determine whether networks had a small-world topology, these were compared with the results from random Erdös-Rényi network simulations. Then, the basic reproductive number (R0 ) of the genetic network, the group of farms with higher potential for disease spread standing at the top of the production chain, was calculated to identify farms acting as super-spreaders. Finally, their external biosecurity scores were evaluated. The genetic network in Argentina presented a scale-free and small-world topology. Thus, we estimate that disease spread would be fast, preferably to highly connected nodes and with little chances of being contained. Throughout the study, 31 farms were identified as super-spreaders in the genetic network for all years, while other 55 were super-spreaders at least once, from an average of 1,613 farms per year. Interestingly, removal of less than 5% of higher degree and betweenness farms resulted in a >90% reduction of R0 indicating that few farms have a key role in disease spread. When biosecurity scores of the most relevant super-spreaders were examined, it was evident that many were at risk of introducing and disseminating new pathogens across the whole of Argentina's pig production network. These results highlight the usefulness of establishing targeted surveillance and intervention programmes, emphasizing the need for better biosecurity scores in Argentinean swine production units, especially in super-spreader farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Alarcón
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Cipriotti
- Facultad de Agronomía - IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Monterubbianessi
- National Service for Health and AgriFood Quality (SENASA), Ministerio de Producción y Trabajo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Perfumo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enric Mateu
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ciocco RB, Carpinetti BN, Rojas P, Castresana G, Notarnicola J. Endoparásitos de una población de cerdos silvestres (Sus scrofa) en Bahía Samborombón, Buenos Aires, Argentina. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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