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Li L, Du Y, Zhang Y, Li P, Liu X, Zhang X, Li J, Zhang T, Li X, Xiao D, Liu P, Qi P, Xiao J. Comprehensive evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine. Vet Res 2022; 53:73. [PMID: 36138470 PMCID: PMC9502647 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant infections have caused a substantial economic impact on swine production in the absence of new powerful candidate vaccines. In this study, we developed and evaluated a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus (PRV)-attenuated vaccine, PRV GX-ΔTK/IES, in which the genes TK, gI, gE, US9 and US2 were deleted. During a study of innocuousness, all mice inoculated with PRV GX-ΔTK/IES survived, neither clinical signs nor pathological changes were observed, and viral genomes could not be detected in the blood and tissues. All piglets inoculated with high titres of PRV GX-ΔTK/IES remained clinically healthy, and neither fever nor clinical signs were observed. Viral detection results were negative in nasal swab samples, blood and tissue samples. Moreover, none of the cohabitated piglets seroconverted during a trial on horizontal transmission. The immunogenicity was assessed through a vaccination and challenge experiment in piglets. Piglets vaccinated with PRV GX-ΔTK/IES and the commercial vaccine were completely protected from subsequent PRV infection, and the level of immunity and protection induced by PRV GX-ΔTK/IES was better than that provided by the live commercial vaccine. Thus, PRV GX-ΔTK/IES is completely safe for both nontarget and target animals and can be regarded as a novel live gene-deleted PRV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Yongfeng Du
- Cahic Chengdu Machinery Factory, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Cahic Jiangxi Biological Pharmaceutical Factory, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cahic Jiangxi Biological Pharmaceutical Factory, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Wendeng District, Shandong, 264400, Weihai, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Beijing Veterinary Peptide Vaccine Design and Preparation, Zhongmu Institute of China Animal Husbandry Industry, Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
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Zheng HH, Bai YL, Xu T, Zheng LL, Li XS, Chen HY, Wang ZY. Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Reemerging Pseudorabies Virus Within Pig Populations in Central China During 2012 to 2019. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:764982. [PMID: 34869736 PMCID: PMC8635136 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.764982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the biological characteristics of the reemerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains, a total of 392 tissue samples were collected from diseased pigs during reemerging PR outbreaks between 2012 and 2019 on farms in central China where swine had been immunized with Bartha-K61 and 51 (13. 01%) were positive for the gE gene by PCR. Sixteen PRV strains were isolated and caused clinical symptoms and death in mice. Subsequently, gE, gC, gB, and gD complete genes were amplified from the 16 PRV isolates and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on these four gene sequences shows that the 16 PRV isolates were more closely related to the Chinese PRV variants (after 2012) but genetically differed from early Chinese PRV isolates (before 2012). Sequence analysis reveals that PRV isolates exhibited amino acid insertions, substitutions, or deletions compared with early Chinese PRV isolates and European–American PRV strains. In addition, this is the first report that eight isolates (8/16) in this study harbor a unique amino acid substitution at position 280 (F to L) of the gC protein, and six isolates have an amino acid substitution at position 338 (A to V) of the gD protein compared with the Chinese PRV variants. The emulsion containing inactivated PRV NY isolate could provide complete protection against the NY isolate. This study might enrich our understanding of the evolution of reemerging PRV strains as well as pave the way for finding a model virus to develop a novel vaccine based on reemerging PRV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Li
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tan L, Yao J, Yang Y, Luo W, Yuan X, Yang L, Wang A. Current Status and Challenge of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in China. Virol Sin 2021; 36:588-607. [PMID: 33616892 PMCID: PMC7897889 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky’s disease, is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). Without specific host tropism, PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals, including pig, sheep, cattle, etc., thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death. PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s, while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011, leading to significant economic losses in swine industry. Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years, PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry. Especially, its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention. In this review, we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China, mainly focusing on PRV history, the existing diagnosis methods, PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals, molecular characteristics, and the available vaccines against its infection. Additionally, promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yadi Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Huaihua Vocational and Technical College, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lingchen Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Aibing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China.
- PCB Biotechnology LLC, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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