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Georgakakos CB, Martínez CE, Helbling DE, Walter MT. More movement with manure: increased mobility of erythromycin through agricultural soil in the presence of manure. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1143-1157. [PMID: 37756186 PMCID: wh_2023_051 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in the environment threaten soil and aquatic organisms and human and livestock health through the building of antimicrobial resistance. Manure spreading associated with animal agriculture is one source of environmental antibiotic residues. To better understand the risk of contamination, we studied the adsorption of erythromycin, a model macrolide antibiotic used across human and animal medicine. We conducted a series of equilibrium batch experiments to determine the kinetics and extent of adsorption and a continuous-flow column adsorption experiment to observe non-equilibrium adsorption patterns. We determined that the adsorption equilibration time to soil was approximately 72 h in our batch experiments. Erythromycin adsorbed to soil relatively strongly (K = 8.01 × 10-2 L/mg; qmax = 1.53 × 10-3 mg/mg), adsorbed to the soil in the presence of manure with less affinity (K = 1.99 × 10-4 L/mg) at a soil: manure ratio of 10:1 by mass, and did not adsorb to manure across the solid ratios tested. We observed multi-phased adsorption of erythromycin to the soil during the non-equilibrium column experiment, which was largely absent from the treatments with both soil and manure present. These results suggest that erythromycin is more mobile in the environment when introduced with manure, which is likely the largest source of agriculturally sourced environmental antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Georgakakos
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA E-mail:
| | | | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Effect of erythromycin on abomasal emptying in suckling lambs with experimental endotoxemia. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Afsharfarnia S, Mohseni M, Fartashvand M, Assadnassab G, Mahmoudian B. Effects of parenteral administration of tylosin and ivermectin on abomasal emptying rate in healthy suckling lambs by use of nuclear scintigraphy. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:181-185. [PMID: 33388615 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abomasal hypomotility is one of the important causes of neonatal mortality in small ruminants. Various pharmaceutical agents have been studied to address this problem in large ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parenteral administration of tylosin and ivermectin on abomasal emptying rate in neonatal suckling lambs. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed using nuclear scintigraphic method in 10 healthy female Iranian fat tailed Ghezel lambs. Each lamb was tested three times, once as a control (1 ml of saline 0.9%, IM) and twice after the injection of tylosin (17.6 mg/kg, IM) and ivermectin (200 μg/kg, SC) in a crossover study. Based on radiopharmaceutical counts, remnant activity in abomasums at 90 min were 48.3 ± 3.5, 45.6 ± 7.5 and 41.6 ± 2.9% in control, tylosin and ivermectin groups, respectively. Administration of tylosin (p = 0.049) and ivermectin (p = 0.045) to lambs, significantly caused faster abomasal emptying rate compared to control. Evaluating the ROIs revealed that the half emptying time (T1/2) in control, tylosin and ivermectin groups were 67.1 ± 8.6, 62.6 ± 14.2 and 54.3 ± 9.9 min, respectively. These difference between all groups, statistically were significant (p = 0.026). However, the clinical efficacy of abomasal emptying rate facilitating by tylosin or ivermectin administration in lambs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Afsharfarnia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Fartashvand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Assadnassab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Mahmoudian
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Braun U, Gerspach C, Nuss K, Hässig M, Hilbe M, Reif C. Clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome in 145 cows with type-2 abomasal ulcer. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:366-374. [PMID: 31075614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study involved 145 cows with type-2 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical signs were, in decreasing order of frequency, depressed demeanour (100%), partial or complete anorexia (93%), rumen atony (91%), tachycardia (90%), dark or black manure (80%), prolonged capillary refill time (71%), pale mucous membranes (69%) and tachypnoea (62%). The most common abnormal laboratory findings were azotaemia (89%), low haematocrit (82%), hypokalaemia (81%), hypoproteinaemia (74%) and metabolic acidosis (61%). Ten cows were euthanased immediately after, or died during, the initial examination, and treatment was started (day 0) in 135 cows. Treatment included blood transfusion, sodium chloride/glucose solution, calcium borogluconate, vitamin C and metamizole. Fourteen cows also underwent right-flank laparotomy because of displaced abomasum (n = 7) or to rule out other causes of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n = 7). The mean heart rate decreased significantly from 108 bpm on day 0 to 88 bpm on day 3. The haematocrit decreased significantly in cows that did not receive blood and increased significantly in the transfused cows during this period. The plasma protein concentration also increased significantly in transfused cows. Ninety-one (67%) of the 135 treated cows recovered and were discharged after a mean hospitalisation period of nine days, and 44 cows (33%) failed to respond to treatment and were euthanased or died. Aggressive treatment, which should include blood transfusion when indicated, is warranted in valuable cows because >50% can be expected to return to full production in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Reif
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hund A, Wittek T. Abomasal and Third Compartment Ulcers in Ruminants and South American Camelids. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017; 34:35-54. [PMID: 29276097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abomasal ulcers are frequent incidental findings in necropsies of domestic ruminants and South American Camelids (SAC) or in slaughter animals and are a frequent cause of death in the most affected group of cattle, veal calves. Their true prevalence and significance is unknown owing to limitations in diagnosing the condition in live animals. This article discusses types of ulcers, possible causes of ulceration, and the clinical consequences, symptoms, and differential diagnoses, as well as further diagnostics in cattle, small ruminants and SAC. The limited treatment options and possibilities for prevention are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hund
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Braun U. Ultrasonographic Examination of the Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum, and Liver in Calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:85-107. [PMID: 26922113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the ultrasonographic findings of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, and liver of calves from birth to 100 days of age. Reticular motility is used to exemplify how the forestomach function in calves progresses and gradually approaches that of adult cattle. The ultrasonographic examination of the esophageal groove reflex and the investigation of factors affecting esophageal groove closure are described. The ultrasonographic findings of the forestomachs and abomasum of calves with ruminal drinker syndrome are discussed. The article concludes with the description of the ultrasonographic examination of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland.
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Wittek T, Ernstberger M, Muckenhuber M, Flöck M. Effects of wheat protein in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate in calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:264-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Ernstberger
- University Clinic for Ruminants; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Muckenhuber
- University Clinic for Ruminants; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Flöck
- University Clinic for Ruminants; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Ghoreishi SM, Nouri M, Rasooli A, Ghorbanpour M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR, Constable PD. Effect of orally administered cisapride, bethanechol, and erythromycin on the apparent efficiency of colostral IgG absorption in neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:714-20. [PMID: 25641234 PMCID: PMC4895487 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of orally administered cisapride, bethanechol, and erythromycin on the absorption of colostral IgG in dairy calves. Animals Twenty‐four healthy neonatal Holstein‐Friesian calves. Procedures Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL, PO; negative control); erythromycin lactobionate (20 mg/kg BW, PO; anticipated to be a positive control); cisapride (0.5 mg/kg BW, PO); bethanechol chloride (0.5 mg/kg BW, PO). Calves were fed 3 L of pooled bovine colostrum containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg) by suckling and oroesophageal intubation 30 minutes after each treatment was administered. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after the start of feeding and plasma total IgG, protein, acetaminophen, and glucose concentrations determined. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. Results Oral administration of cisapride facilitated the absorption of colostral IgG and protein. The effect of cisapride on abomasal emptying rate could not be evaluated because cisapride appeared to interfere with acetaminophen metabolism. Based on the total IgG and total protein concentration‐time relationships, the beneficial effects of cisapride appeared to occur early after oral administration and were transient. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Additional studies appear indicated to characterize the effect of cisapride dose on the magnitude and duration of its effect on facilitating the absorption of colostral IgG and protein. Identification of a nonantimicrobial method for increasing abomasal emptying rate, such as cisapride, will potentially provide a practical and effective method for facilitating transfer of passive immunity in colostrum‐fed dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ghoreishi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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El Badawy SA, Amer AM, Constable PD, Guda A. Effect of tulathromycin on abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating goats. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pardon B, Vertenten G, Durie I, Declercq J, Everaert D, Simoens P, Deprez P. Four cases of omental herniation in cattle. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr.165.24.718rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine
| | | | - I. Durie
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine
| | | | - D. Everaert
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine
| | - P. Simoens
- Department of MorphologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820MerelbekeBelgium
| | - P. Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine
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Ozturk AS, Guzel M, Askar TK, Aytekin I. Evaluation of the hormones responsible for the gastrointestinal motility in cattle with displacement of the abomasum; ghrelin, motilin and gastrin. Vet Rec 2013; 172:636. [PMID: 23723101 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the evidence of increased serum gastrointestinal motility hormone concentrations including ghrelin, motilin and gastrin in cattle with displacement of abomasum (DA). In this study, 38 cows with DA (21 left DA (LDA) and 17 right DA (RDA)) and 15 healthy controls were included. All cattle with DA were at the stage of postpartum one to eight weeks, and had clinical signs including anorexia, decreased milk yield and scanty, pasty faeces. Serum ghrelin, motilin and gastrin concentrations, and leptin concentration which is a functional antagonist of ghrelin, were determined by ELISA. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Na, K, Cl, Ca and P concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer. In serum biochemical analysis, increases were seen on the serum ALT, AST and GGT activities; however, serum Na, K, Cl and P concentrations decreased in abomasal displacement compared with the control animals. The serum ghrelin, motilin and gastrin concentrations increased in the cattle with LDA and RDA, as compared with those in the healthy controls. On the other hand, serum leptin concentration decreased in the cattle with DA compared with the controls. Increases in the serum ghrelin, motilin and gastrin concentrations might be attributed to activation of gastrointestinal motility hormones to enhance of gastric emptying in impaired gastric motility and/or outlet occlusion in displaced abomasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31040, Turkey
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12
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Braun U, Gautschi A. Ultrasonographic examination of the forestomachs and the abomasum in ruminal drinker calves. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:1. [PMID: 23298472 PMCID: PMC3599229 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the ultrasonographic appearance of the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum of calves with ruminal drinking syndrome. METHODS In ten milk-fed calves with ruminal drinking syndrome the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum were examined by ultrasonography using a 5-MHz linear transducer before, during and after the ingestion of milk. RESULTS The reticulum could be imaged in eight of ten calves before feeding. The reticular wall appeared as an echoic line, similar to mature cattle, and reticular folds were seen in eight calves. The reticular content appeared as echoic heterogeneous fluid. Reticular contractions were biphasic with 1.0 ± 0.38 contractions per minute. The rumen had a mean wall thickness of 2.1 mm dorsally, 3.5 mm at the level of the longitudinal groove, and 3.2 mm ventrally. The ventral sac of the rumen of all calves contained echoic heterogeneous liquid. During feeding the milk entering the rumen could be seen as hyperechoic liquid in five calves. The omasum was seen on the right side as a crescent-shaped line medial to the liver in seven calves. Only the omasal wall closest to the transducer was seen as an echoic line with a mean thickness of 2.7 mm. The ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum did not change during or after feeding. The abomasum was seen immediately caudal to the xyphoid on both sides of the midline before feeding. The mean length at the ventral midline was 22.2 cm. The ingesta were heterogeneous in all calves and the abomasal folds were distinct in eight. The mean lateral expansion of the abomasum from the ventral midline to the left and right varied from 8.7 to 13.8 cm and from 4.3 to 11.3 cm. The milk entering the abomasum was observed in all calves, and signs of milk clotting were seen in all calves 15 minutes after feeding. CONCLUSION This study showed that ultrasonography is useful for detecting milk in the reticulum and rumen of calves with ruminal drinking syndrome.
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Braun U, Gautschi A, Tschuor A, Hässig M. Ultrasonography of the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum before, during and after ingestion of hay and grass silage in 10 calves. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1407-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mokhber-Dezfooli M, Nouri M, Rasekh M, Constable P. Effect of abomasal emptying rate on the apparent efficiency of colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6740-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Constable PD, Nouri M, Sen I, Baird AN, Wittek T. Evidence-Based Use of Prokinetic Drugs for Abomasal Disorders in Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2012; 28:51-70, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Ehsani-Kheradgerdi A, Sharifi K, Mohri M, Grünberg W. Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1600-6. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.12.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fazeli M, Shomali T, Firouzi MJ, Ghane M. Erythromycin enhances abomasal emptying in healthy unweaned lambs as shown by acetaminophen absorption test. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:410-2. [PMID: 22066489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fazeli
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Afshari GR, Nouri M, Hassan EB, Mokhber-Dezfooli MR, Constable PD. Effect of parenteral administration of ivermectin and erythromycin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:527-31. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El-Khodery SA, Sato M. Ultrasonographic assessment of the reticular motility in cows after administration of different doses of metoclopramide and neostigmine. Vet Res Commun 2008; 32:473-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wittek T, Tischer K, Gieseler T, Fürll M, Constable PD. Effect of preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:418-23. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.3.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Streeter RN, Step DL. Diagnostic ultrasonography in ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007; 23:541-74, vii. [PMID: 17920461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of diagnostic ultrasound equipment is becoming widespread within various sectors of veterinary practice. Ultrasonographic examination has several advantages over other imaging modalities and it can be applied in hospital and ambulatory settings. It has the potential for widespread use in the diagnosis of disorders of several body systems in food animal species. This article describes its application to gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, cardiothoracic, urogenital, and umbilical disorders. Normal and abnormal findings are portrayed and discussed. Accurate and timely use of this diagnostic modality requires a modest amount of training and practice, but it allows for relatively rapid, inexpensive, and noninvasive acquisition of clinically relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Streeter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Nouri M, Constable PD. Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:1392-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.12.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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