1
|
Akköse M, Karabulut E, İnal Ş, Dik GÇ, Özbeyaz C, Kaya U, Çam M, Topal B. Changes in serum total protein and immunoglobulin G concentrations and Brix percentages in neonatal Arabian foals from birth up to 21 days of age. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 255:110521. [PMID: 36470064 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum total protein (STP) concentrations and serum Brix percentages of neonatal Arabian foals during first 3 weeks of life. Blood samples were collected from 12 apparently healthy foals by jugular venipuncture at birth and at 12-hours, 24-hours, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 21 days of age. Serum IgG and STP concentrations and Brix percentages were measured by the radial immunodiffusion assay, and digital STP and Brix refractometers, respectively. Based on the serum IgG concentrations measured at 24 h, two foals were diagnosed with failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). While IgG concentrations were determined using the data of foals with adequate transfer of passive immunity, other calculations were made using the data of all foals. The mean IgG concentration of the foals increased from birth (<200 mg/dl) to 12 (2068.5 mg/dl) and 24 h (2184.7 mg/dl), and progressively decreased up to 21 days of age (1318.5 mg/dl). The serum IgG concentrations at 12 h were highly correlated with each of the IgG concentrations measured over the 21-day period. The serum IgG and STP concentrations and Brix percentages of the foals diagnosed with FTPI at 12 h did not reach the adequate strata over time. These results suggest that foals can be reliably tested for passive immunity status at 12 h after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akköse
- Department of Livestock, Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, 48770 Dalaman, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Eren Karabulut
- Department of Horse Breeding, Anadolu Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, 26800 Mahmudiye, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şeref İnal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gürcan Çağdaş Dik
- Department of Horse Breeding, Anadolu Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, 26800 Mahmudiye, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Özbeyaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060 Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Topal
- Department of Horse Breeding, Anadolu Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, 26800 Mahmudiye, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akköse M, Karabulut E, Yılmaz İÇ, Dik Ç, İnal Ş, Özbeyaz C, Çam M, Çınar EM, Orakçı D, Durmaz M. Evaluation of refractometry methods for estimating passive immunity status in neonatal foals. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113359. [PMID: 36126780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the accuracy of the digital Brix and serum total protein (TP) refractometers for estimating different passive immunity status in neonatal foals. In total, 18- to 40-h old purebred Arabian foals (n = 185) were used. Serum TP concentrations, total solid percentages and IgG concentrations were measured with a digital serum TP refractometer, digital Brix refractometer and the gold standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, respectively. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the refractometer and RID assay results. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to select the optimal cut-offs for both refractometers. Test performance and agreement were evaluated using diagnostic test characteristics at optimal thresholds and areas under the ROC curve, and by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. The sensitivity and specificity of the digital Brix refractometer at optimal cut-offs (≤7.8%, ≤7.9%, ≤8.2%, ≤8.3%, ≤9.0%) were 100 and 69.3%; 100% and 68.5%; 70.5% and 71.0%; 88.3% and 85.5%; 88.1% and 76% to estimate RID-IgG of <400 mg/dL, <800 mg/dL, <1500 mg/dL, <2500 mg/dL and < 3000 mg/dL, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the digital serum TP refractometer at optimal cut-off (≤4.6 g/dL, ≤4.6 g/dL, ≤4.8 g/dL, ≤5.0 g/dL, ≤5.4 g/dL) were 100 and 69.3%; 100% and 72.8%; 90% and 72.8%; 72.9% and 83.9%; 84.4% and 88% to estimate RID-IgG of <400 mg/dL, <800 mg/dL, <1500 mg/dL, <2500 mg/dL and < 3000 mg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, the refractometers showed a good potential as screening tools for the estimation of different IgG concentrations in neonatal foals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sievert M, Schuler G, Büttner K, Wehrend A. Comparison of different methods to determine the absorption of colostral IgG in newborn foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 114:104008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Xie Y, Mota LM, Bergin A, O'Flaherty R, Jones A, Morgan B, Butler M. High-throughput and high-sensitivity N-Glycan profiling: A platform for biopharmaceutical development and disease biomarker discovery. Anal Biochem 2021; 623:114205. [PMID: 33891963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation contributes to critical biological function of glycoproteins. Glycan analysis is essential for the production of biopharmaceuticals as well as for the identification of disease biomarkers. However, glycans are highly heterogeneous, which has considerably hampered the progress of glycomics. Here, we present an improved 96-well plate format platform for streamlined glycan profiling that takes advantage of rapid glycoprotein denaturation, deglycosylation, fluorescent derivatization, and on-matrix glycan clean-up. This approach offers high sensitivity with consistent identification and quantification of diverse N-glycans across multiple samples on a high-throughput scale. We demonstrate its capability for N-glycan profiling of glycoproteins from various sources, including two recombinant monoclonal antibodies produced from Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, EG2-hFc and rituximab, polyclonal antibodies purified from human serum, and total glycoproteins from human serum. Combined with the complementary information obtained by sequential digestion from exoglycosidase arrays, this approach allows the detection and identification of multiple N-glycans in these complex biological samples. The reagents, workflow, and Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HILIC-FLD), are simple enough to be implemented into a straightforward user-friendly setup. This improved technology provides a powerful tool in support of rapid advancement of glycan analysis for biopharmaceutical development and biomarker discovery for clinical disease diagnosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kędzierski W, Janczarek I, Kowalik S, Jamioł M, Wawak T, Borsuk G, Przetacznik M. Bee Pollen Supplementation to Aged Horses Influences Several Blood Parameters. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 90:103024. [PMID: 32534787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans and animals, aging leads to a decrease in immune function and an increased susceptibility to infection. Decreased immunity and an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases are particularly notable during the autumn. Bee pollen supplementation improves immunity and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as general performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bee pollen supplementation during the autumn on blood parameters in aged horses. The study was performed on 16 warmblood horses aged 15-26 years. Half of this group received 60 g of bee pollen (soaked in water) daily for 30 days during the autumn season. Blood samples were taken from all horses before and after the supplementation period. Numerous hematological and plasma biochemical parameters including indicators of oxidative stress were determined. The data collected after the supplementation were compared with data collected before the experiment using one-way analysis of variance and paired Student's t-test. In the control group, there was a decline in the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit and an increase in some lipid parameters, urea, total plasma proteins, and sulfhydryl groups. Supplementation with bee pollen prevented the variation of these parameters, except for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We believe that bee pollen supplementation for aged horses during autumn has beneficial effects because it inhibited some of the adverse changes observed in the control horses during this season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwestr Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tatiana Wawak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Apidologie, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Przetacznik
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Ujvari S, Schwarzwald CC, Fouché N, Howard J, Schoster A. Validation of a Point-of-Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point-of-Care IgG ELISA. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1170-1177. [PMID: 28561898 PMCID: PMC5508326 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests with good sensitivity and specificity are needed for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals. Turbidimetric immunoassays (TIA) have these characteristics and provide quantitative results. A commercially available TIA-based POC test (POC-TIA) has not been validated in horses. OBJECTIVE To validate a POC-TIA and compare results of POC-TIA, a POC-ELISA, and radial immunodiffusion (RID). ANIMALS Heparinized blood samples (n = 127) from 48 hospitalized foals (<12 hour to 48 days). METHODS Prospective validation study. IgG concentrations were measured using RID (gold standard), POC-TIA, and POC-ELISA. Agreement between assays was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using ROC curves. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and linearity were evaluated for POC-TIA. RESULTS The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between RID and POC-TIA was -4 (-185 to 176), 27 (-201 to 255), and 308 (-377 to 993) mg/dL for samples with IgG concentrations of <400, 400-800, and >800 mg/dL, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity at optimal cutoff were 94 and 100% for the POC-TIA and 94 and 100% for the POC-ELISA to detect IgG <400 mg/dL, and 85 and 87% (POC-TIA) and 69 and 79% (POC-ELISA) to detect IgG ≤800 mg/dL. Intra- and interassay CVs for POC-TIA ranged between 1.6-3.8 and 11.9-18.8%, respectively. Linearity of the dilution series was preserved (R2 > 0.96). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The POC-TIA provided unambiguous results and had sufficient sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision to be used as an alternative to other POC tests to assess FTPI in foals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ujvari
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C C Schwarzwald
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Fouché
- the Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Howard
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Schoster
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Fouché N, Graubner C, Howard J. Correlation between serum total globulins and gamma globulins and their use to diagnose failure of passive transfer in foals. Vet J 2014; 202:384-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Hackett ES, Lunn DP, Ferris RA, Horohov DW, Lappin MR, McCue PM. Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:405-9. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - D. P. Lunn
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh USA
| | - R. A. Ferris
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - D. W. Horohov
- Department of Veterinary Science; Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center; University of Kentucky; Lexington USA
| | - M. R. Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - P. M. McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong DM, Giguère S, Wendel MA. Evaluation of a point-of-care portable analyzer for measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G, total protein, and albumin concentrations in ill neonatal foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:812-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.6.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Quigley JD, Lago A, Chapman C, Erickson P, Polo J. Evaluation of the Brix refractometer to estimate immunoglobulin G concentration in bovine colostrum. J Dairy Sci 2012. [PMID: 23200468 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Refractometry using a Brix refractometer has been proposed as a means to estimate IgG concentration in bovine maternal colostrum (MC). The refractometer has advantages over other methods of estimating IgG concentration in that the Brix refractometer is inexpensive, readily available, less fragile, and less sensitive to variation in colostral temperature, season of the year and other factors. Samples of first-milking MC were collected from 7 dairy farms in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Connecticut (n=84) and 1 dairy farm in California (n=99). The MC was milked from the cow at 6.1 ± 5.6h postparturition and a sample was evaluated for Brix percentage by using an optical refractometer. Two additional samples (30 mL) were collected from the milk bucket, placed in vials, and frozen before analysis of total IgG by radial immunodiffusion (RID) using commercially available plates and by turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA). The second sample was analyzed for total bacterial counts and coliform counts at laboratories in New York (Northeast samples) and California (California samples). The Brix percentage (mean ± SD) was 23.8 ± 3.5, IgG concentration measured by RID was 73.4 ± 26.2g/L, and IgG concentration measured by TIA was 67.5 ± 25.0 g/L. The Brix percentage was highly correlated (r=0.75) with IgG analyzed by RID. The Brix percentage cut point to define high- or low-quality colostrum (50 g of IgG/L measured by RID) that classified more samples correctly given the proportion of high- (86%) and low-quality (14%) samples in this study was 21%, which is slightly lower than other recent estimates of Brix measurements. At this cut point, the test sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were 92.9, 65.5, 93.5, 63.3, and 88.5%, respectively. Measurement of IgG by TIA correlated with Brix (r=0.63) and RID (r=0.87); however, TIA and RID methods of IgG measurement were not consistent throughout the range of samples tested. We conclude that Brix measurement of total solids in fresh MC is an inexpensive, rapid, and satisfactorily accurate method of estimating IgG concentration. A cut point of 21% Brix to estimate samples of MC >50 g/L was most appropriate for our data. Measurement of IgG in MC by TIA differed from measurement by RID.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hurcombe SDA, Matthews AL, Scott VHL, Williams JM, Kohn CW, Toribio RE. Serum protein concentrations as predictors of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal foals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22:573-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. A. Hurcombe
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| | - Adriel L. Matthews
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| | - Victoria H. L. Scott
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| | - Jarred M. Williams
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| | - Catherine W. Kohn
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| | - Ramiro E. Toribio
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; 43210
| |
Collapse
|