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Ben Haj Yahia A, Tayh G, Landolsi S, Maamar E, Galai N, Landoulsi Z, Messadi L. First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:150-162. [PMID: 36695709 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26), blaSHV (n = 11), and blaTEM (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the blaCMY gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both blaOXA-48 and blaIMP genes and the other isolate carried only the blaIMP gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ben Haj Yahia
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sarrah Landolsi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Nejia Galai
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Zbaida Landoulsi
- Office des Terres Domaniales, Agrocombinat Ghezala, Mateur, Tunisie
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
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Orole OO, Gambo SM, Fadayomi VS. Characteristics of Virulence Factors and Prevalence of Virulence Markers in Resistant Escherichia coli from Patients with Gut and Urinary Infections in Lafia, Nigeria. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221106993. [PMID: 35784589 PMCID: PMC9247993 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread and transfer of resistant pathogens is on the increase worldwide and
it is presently a cause of concern for health facilities, health organizations
and governments. Pathogenicity is a factor dependent on the virulence of the
microorganisms. The study aimed at determining the virulence markers and factors
in multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from
patients with urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections in Lafia,
Nigeria. Collection of urine and stool samples (150 each) from patients was
carried out, and bacteria isolated from the samples using the spread plate
technique. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined to identify resistant
E. coli isolates after which, virulence factors and genes
conferring virulence evaluated. The prevalence of E. coli was
33.3% and 35.3% in urine and stool respectively with 42 of the isolates being
MDR. All the isolates showed cell surface hydrophobicity on ammonia sulfate
molarity at >1.5, and all possessed capacity to produce hemolysin and
pyrogen, though isolate U6 produced the highest amount of hemolysin and the
other isolates mostly produced reasonable amount of pyrogen. Isolate U19 from
urine sample and isolates S6, S10, S11, and S17 from stool samples all had
between 81 and 100 serum resistance survival percentages, while 13 of the
isolates had no serum resistance capabilities. Virulence conferring genes
present in the isolates include fimH, pap, stb, cs31a, vt2,
east1. Most of the resistant isolates have more than one virulence
marker that is a means of producing an effective pathogenesis.
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Yue S, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Wu C, Huang W, Chen N, Zhu Z. Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli of calf origin. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEscherichia coli has become one of the most important causes of calf diarrhea. The aim of this study is to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from six cattle farms and to identify prominent resistance genes and virulence genes among the strains isolated from the diarrhea of calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 77.8% in dairy cattle and 63.6% in beef cattle. There were high resistance rates to penicillin (100%, 100%) and ampicillin (96.3%, 86.4%) in E. coli from dairy cattle and beef cattle. Interestingly, resistance rate to antimicrobials and distribution of resistance genes in E. coli isolated from dairy cattle were higher than those in beef cattle. Further analysis showed that the most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM and aadA1 in dairy cattle and beef cattle, respectively. Moreover, seven diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, F41, K99 and STa) were present in the isolates from dairy cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.22%. Six diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, hylA and F41) were identified in the isolates from beef cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 2.27% to 63.64%. Our results provide important evidence for better exploring their interaction mechanism. Further studies are also needed to understand the origin and transmission route of E. coli in cattle to reduce its prevalence.
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Mohteshamuddin K, Hamdan L, AlKaabi AB, Barigye R. Cryptosporidium parvum and other enteric pathogens in scouring neonatal dairy calves from the Al Ain region, United Arab Emirates. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100435. [PMID: 32862896 PMCID: PMC7366078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Faecal specimens from 36 scouring neonatal calves from two dairy farms located in the Al Ain region of the UAE were screened with pathogen-specific antigen ELISA for Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli K99, rotavirus, and coronavirus. Additionally, faecal smears were stained with modified-acid-fast for Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the VITEK 2 system plus Gram's stain used to identify bacteria isolated from the faecal samples. Farm management practices were also evaluated during a farm visit. Of the 36 calves, 29, 13, 5, and 6 were positive for C. parvum, E. coli K99, bovine coronavirus, and rotavirus antigens respectively, while 27 were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. In various combinations, mixed infections were detected in 20/36 calves. This is the first report of C. parvum, E. coli K99, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, and coronavirus in ≤14-days-old scouring neonatal dairy calves from the UAE. Molecular characterization of these pathogens and nationwide epidemiological calf scour studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaja Mohteshamuddin
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Layaly Hamdan
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla B AlKaabi
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert Barigye
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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WU X, HOU S, ZHANG Q, MA Y, ZHANG Y, KAN W, ZHAO X. Prevalence of virulence and resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic enterococci isolated from mastitic cows. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1663-1668. [PMID: 27476730 PMCID: PMC5138418 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of enterococci was examined in 280 milk samples collected from dairy cattle diagnosed with mastitis in three provinces of western China. Sixty strains of enterococci were isolated, and the species were determined based on their biochemical characters and 16S rRNA sequences. Resistance to seven antibiotic agents, frequency of seven virulence genes and pathogenicity in Kunming mice were tested to evaluate biological risks. The correlation between the number of virulence genes and pathogenicity in Kunming mice was also evaluated. The 60 isolates were allocated to Enterococcus hirae (68.3%), E. faecium (25.0%), E. mundtii (3.3%) and E. durans (3.3%). A total of 83.3% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, whereas 15.0% were resistant to ampicillin, 15.0% to vancomycin, 6.7% to tetracycline and 25.0% to ciprofloxacin. Moreover, isolates exhibited 50.0% and 21.7% resistance to high levels of gentamycin and streptomycin, respectively. The gene asa1 was detected in all enterococcal isolates, whereas 66.7% of strains harbored three or more virulence factors and 56.7% were asa1-ccf-gelE-positive. In pathogenicity tests, isolates harboring numerous virulence factors did not show greater invasiveness than isolates harboring fewer virulence traits against Kunming mice. In conclusion, the number of virulence factors does not appear to predict the risk of enterococcal infection. Isolates were commonly resistant to penicillin and sporadically to ampicillin and vancomycin. These results suggest that the use of gentamycin, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against enterococci should be avoided in mastitic cows. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the majority of isolates are sensitive to tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu WU
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shubao HOU
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanwei ZHANG
- College of Life Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Youji MA
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu
Agricultural University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070,
China
| | - Yong ZHANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei KAN
- No. 498, Helanshanxilu, Department of Agriculture and
Husbandry, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingxu ZHAO
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University, No. 1, Yingmen county, Anning district, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Raval YS, Stone R, Fellows B, Qi B, Huang G, Mefford OT, Tzeng TRJ. Synthesis and application of glycoconjugate-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as potent anti-adhesion agents for reducing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8326-8331. [PMID: 25896754 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide stabilized magnetic nanoparticles (PEO-MNPs) bio-functionalized with glycoconjugate (Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glcβ-sp) (GM3-MNPs) are synthesized using click chemistry. Interaction of GM3-MNPs with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain K99 (EC K99) is investigated using different microscopic techniques. Our results suggest that GM3-MNPs can effectively act as non-antibiotic anti-adhesion agents for treating ETEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash S Raval
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally. MDR bacteria are frequently detected in humans and animals from both more- and less-developed countries and pose a serious concern for human health. Infections caused by MDR microbes may increase morbidity and mortality and require use of expensive drugs and prolonged hospitalization. Humans may be exposed to MDR pathogens through exposure to environments at health-care facilities and farms, livestock and companion animals, human food, and exposure to other individuals carrying MDR microbes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies drug-resistant foodborne bacteria, including Campylobacter, Salmonella Typhi, nontyphoidal salmonellae, and Shigella, as serious threats. MDR bacteria have been detected in both meat and fresh produce. Salmonellae carrying genes coding for resistance to multiple antibiotics have caused numerous foodborne MDR outbreaks. While there is some level of resistance to antimicrobials in environmental bacteria, the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has driven the selection of a great variety of microbes with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. MDR bacteria on meat may have originated in veterinary health-care settings or on farms where animals are given antibiotics in feed or to treat infections. Fresh produce may be contaminated by irrigation or wash water containing MDR bacteria. Livestock, fruits, and vegetables may also be contaminated by food handlers, farmers, and animal caretakers who carry MDR bacteria. All potential sources of MDR bacteria should be considered and strategies devised to reduce their presence in foods. Surveillance studies have documented increasing trends in MDR in many pathogens, although there are a few reports of the decline of certain multidrug pathogens. Better coordination of surveillance programs and strategies for controlling use of antimicrobials need to be implemented in both human and animal medicine and agriculture and in countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Doyle
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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