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Mudge MC, Green E. Radiotherapy in Equine Practice. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024:S0749-0739(24)00054-3. [PMID: 39168750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a valuable treatment option for equine tumors that have a high rate of recurrence or where complete surgical resection may damage vital structures. Teletherapy, brachytherapy, and plesiotherapy have been used successfully for the treatment of a variety of tumors and locations in the horse. Radiobiology, treatment protocols, side effects, and patient management are reviewed, with a focus on linear accelerator-based teletherapy. There is evidence of good success rates for treatment of periocular sarcoids and squamous cell carcinoma but teletherapy treatment is often limited to tumors on the head and distal extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Mudge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Eric Green
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chow L, Flaherty E, Pezzanite L, Williams M, Dow S, Wotman K. Impact of Equine Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia on Interactions between Ocular Transcriptome and Microbiome. Vet Sci 2024; 11:167. [PMID: 38668434 PMCID: PMC11054121 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents the most common conjunctival tumor in horses and frequently results in vision loss and surgical removal of the affected globe. Multiple etiologic factors have been identified as contributing to OSSN progression, including solar radiation exposure, genetic mutations, and a lack of periocular pigmentation. Response to conventional treatments has been highly variable, though our recent work indicates that these tumors are highly responsive to local immunotherapy. In the present study, we extended our investigation of OSSN in horses to better understand how the ocular transcriptome responds to the presence of the tumor and how the ocular surface microbiome may also be altered by the presence of cancer. Therefore, we collected swabs from the ventral conjunctival fornix from 22 eyes in this study (11 with cytologically or histologically confirmed OSSN and 11 healthy eyes from the same horses) and performed RNA sequencing and 16S microbial sequencing using the same samples. Microbial 16s DNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing were both conducted using an Illumina-based platform. In eyes with OSSN, we observed significantly upregulated expression of genes and pathways associated with inflammation, particularly interferon. Microbial diversity was significantly reduced in conjunctival swabs from horses with OSSN. We also performed interactome analysis and found that three bacterial taxa (Actinobacillus, Helcococcus and Parvimona) had significant correlations with more than 100 upregulated genes in samples from animals with OSSN. These findings highlight the inflammatory nature of OSSN in horses and provide important new insights into how the host ocular surface interacts with certain microbial populations. These findings suggest new strategies for the management of OSSN in horses, which may entail immunotherapy in combination with ocular surface probiotics or prebiotics to help normalize ocular cell and microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Edward Flaherty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Maggie Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathryn Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.C.); (E.F.); (L.P.); (M.W.)
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Martabano BB, Dow S, Chow L, Williams MMV, Mack MK, Bellone R, Wotman KL. Intralesional interferon alpha-2b as a novel treatment for periocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297366. [PMID: 38381740 PMCID: PMC10881003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of perilesional human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2b) for treatment of periocular squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) in horses. ANIMALS STUDIED Eleven horses (12 eyes) with PSCC were enrolled in this prospective clinical study with owner consent. PROCEDURES Systemically healthy horses were included in the study following confirmation of PSCC via biopsy. Every two weeks for a maximum of six treatments, horses were sedated and perilesional injection of IFNα2b (10 million IU) was performed. Tumors were measured prior to each injection and at one, three, and 12 months after treatment completion. A greater than 50% reduction in tumor size was considered positive response to treatment (i.e., partial or complete response). Development of anti-IFNα2b antibodies was assessed using serum samples obtained after treatment initiation and compared with treatment responses. Antibody concentrations were analyzed using a mixed model. Statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. RESULTS Each horse received four to six perilesional injections of IFNα2b. Five of 12 eyes (4/11 horses) responded to treatment. Two of five eyes showed complete resolution of gross PSCC. No systemic adverse effects were seen. Local swelling occurred during treatment protocol in 6/11 horses but resolved without intervention. All horses developed serum anti-IFNα2b antibodies. There was no evidence of statistical difference in antibody concentration between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Perilesional administration of IFNα2b was found to be well-tolerated in horses with PSCC, and induced tumor regression in 42% of treated eyes. Treatment failure appears unrelated to the development of IFNα2b antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B. Martabano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. V. Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maura K. Mack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory and Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Wotman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Wotman KL, Chow L, Martabano B, Pezzanite LM, Dow S. Novel ocular immunotherapy induces tumor regression in an equine model of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1185-1198. [PMID: 36367558 PMCID: PMC10992022 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the major cause of corneal cancer in man and horses worldwide, and the prevalence of OSSN is increasing due to greater UVB exposure globally. Currently, there are no approved treatments for OSSN in either species, and most patients are managed with surgical excision or off-label treatment with locally injected interferon alpha, or topically applied cytotoxic drugs such as mitomycin C. A more broadly effective and readily applied immunotherapy could exert a significant impact on management of OSSN worldwide. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of a liposomal TLR complex (LTC) immunotherapy, which previously demonstrated strong antiviral activity in multiple animal models following mucosal application, for ocular antitumor activity in a horse spontaneous OSSN model. In vitro studies demonstrated strong activation of interferon responses in horse leukocytes by LTC and suppression of OSSN cell growth and migration. In a trial of 8 horses (9 eyes), treatment with topical or perilesional LTC resulted in an overall tumor response rate of 67%, including durable regression of large OSSN tumors. Repeated treatment with LTC ocular immunotherapy was also very well tolerated clinically. We conclude therefore that ocular immunotherapy with LTC warrants further investigation as a novel approach to management of OSSN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wotman
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brittany Martabano
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lynn M Pezzanite
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Limbal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Black Baldy Cow: Case Report and Surgical Treatment. Case Rep Vet Med 2023; 2023:2429241. [PMID: 36844800 PMCID: PMC9946752 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2429241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To document a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an adult Black Baldy cow treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive therapy following surgical excision. Animals Studied. One privately owned 8-year-old female, entire, Black Baldy cow. Procedures. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed on an adult Black Baldy cow for assessment of a mass affecting the left eye. Following a routine partial incision superficial lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy under local analgesia using a Peterson retrobulbar block, photodynamic therapy was performed as an adjunctive treatment to lower the chance for recurrence and improve the prognosis for the globe. Results Histopathologic analysis of the limbal mass was reported to be consistent with a squamous cell carcinoma, removed with clean margins. The patient was comfortable and visual with no signs of tumor recurrence 11 months after surgery. Conclusion Superficial lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy with adjunctive photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for limbal squamous cell carcinoma and may be performed as an alternative to enucleation, exenteration, euthanasia, or slaughtering in cattle.
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Garcia J, Molinet E, Aponte CMC, Carlson A, Mulon P. A chronic, non‐healing, ulcerative and proliferative lesion revealed to be squamous cell carcinoma in a camel. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garcia
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Elizabeth Molinet
- University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Camille Marie Cordero Aponte
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Ariel Carlson
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Pierre‐Yves Mulon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA
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Horvath S, Haghani A, Peng S, Hales EN, Zoller JA, Raj K, Larison B, Robeck TR, Petersen JL, Bellone RR, Finno CJ. DNA methylation aging and transcriptomic studies in horses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35013267 PMCID: PMC8748428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation patterns have not yet been thoroughly studied in horses. Here, we profile n = 333 samples from 42 horse tissue types at loci that are highly conserved between mammalian species using a custom array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). Using the blood and liver tissues from horses, we develop five epigenetic aging clocks: a multi-tissue clock, a blood clock, a liver clock and two dual-species clocks that apply to both horses and humans. In addition, using blood methylation data from three additional equid species (plains zebra, Grevy's zebras and Somali asses), we develop another clock that applies across all equid species. Castration does not significantly impact the epigenetic aging rate of blood or liver samples from horses. Methylation and RNA data from the same tissues define the relationship between methylation and RNA expression across horse tissues. We expect that the multi-tissue atlas will become a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sichong Peng
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin N Hales
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Brenda Larison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd R Robeck
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, 7007 SeaWorld Drive, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
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8
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Malalana F. Corneal neoplasia in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Malalana
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Neston UK
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Knickelbein KE, Bellone RR. A multimodal approach to management of ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Knickelbein
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York
| | - R. R. Bellone
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine University of California‐ Davis Davis
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis, Davis California USA
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10
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Spugnini EP, Scacco L, Bolaffio C, Baldi A. Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous solid tumors in equids: A retrospective study. Open Vet J 2021; 11:385-389. [PMID: 34722200 PMCID: PMC8541726 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrochemotherapy (ECT) promotes the increased uptake of antitumor agents through the administration of permeabilizing electric pulses, thus enhancing chemotherapy effectiveness. Aim Our study aimed to describe the tolerability and efficacy of ECT alone or in association with surgery to manage solid neoplasms in equids. Methods Medical records of equids with a diagnosis of malignant tumors treated with ECT alone or in combination with surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Each equid received local treatment within the tumors or the tumors' bed with cisplatin at the dose of 0.5 mg/cm2. Trains of permeabilizing biphasic electric pulses were then applied under spinal or general anesthesia. Results Sixteen equids were enrolled in this study. There were nine melanoma cases, four fibrosarcoma, and three squamous cell carcinoma. Of those 16 equids, 7 received ECT for treatment of intraoperative local disease, while in 9 cases, ECT was the only treatment modality. The seven equids treated with the combination of ECT and surgery still have no evidence of disease at different times ranging from 9 to 60 months. The remaining nine had the following responses: two complete remissions, five partial responses, one stable disease, and one progressive disease. The treatment was well-tolerated, and local side effects were minimal. No systemic effects were documented. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that ECT may be beneficial for equids with solid neoplasms and could be a useful addition to the current therapeutic options considering its low cost, limited toxicity, and ease of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfonso Baldi
- Biopulse Srl, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Offer KS, Marchesi F, Sutton DGM. Topical 5‐fluorouracil as an adjunct treatment in equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Offer
- School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - F. Marchesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - D. G. M. Sutton
- School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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de Preux M, Gurtner C, Klebic I, Waschk MA, Drögemüller C, Brünisholz HP. Skeletal metastasis from a squamous cell carcinoma of the nictitating membrane in a Haflinger horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Preux
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - I. Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - M. A. Waschk
- Division of Clinical Radiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - C. Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern BernSwitzerland
| | - H. P. Brünisholz
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
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Abu-Seida AM, Wafy MN, Hassan EA, Ahmed KA. Gigantic Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mixed With Fibrosarcoma in a Mare: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonography and Histopathology Findings. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103639. [PMID: 34119206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neoplasms represent 10% of all equine neoplasms and ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common one. This report describes the clinical presentation, laboratory, ultrasonography, postmortem, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of a mixed ocular neoplasm in a 10-year-old draft mare. The mare had a one-year history of left ocular mass. Complete destruction of the left eye with loss of vision was observed. A large ulcerated mass oozing blood replaced the left eye. Left parotid lymph node was swollen and had a sinus tract discharging pus. Ultrasonography revealed absence of all intraocular structures, several lobular echogenic tissues and several hyperechoic areas of ossification with acoustic shadowing. Color Doppler scanning revealed numerous neovascularization all over the tumor, particularly along the periphery. The neovascularization demonstrated mainly arterial with few mixed blood flow signals. The amplitude of systolic and diastolic blood flow was markedly increased. Enucleation was decided but the mare died just after examination. The ocular mass was excised and its weight was 390 g. Postmortem examination revealed no distant metastasis in all internal organs. Histopathology confirmed OSCC mixed with fibrosarcoma and associated with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia. The neoplastic cells gave positive nuclear p53 immunoreactivity. The left parotid lymph node revealed metastasis. Despite the unsuccessful outcome in this particular case, this report documents a mixed eye neoplasm, highlights the ultrasonography and histopathology features of OSCC, and reinforces the need for early diagnosis and surgical treatment in such cases to improve the outcome and to decrease the drastic complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona N Wafy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Rockwell K, Looper J, Boudreaux B, Tully TN. Treatment of Exuberant Granulation Tissue in an Umbrella Cockatoo ( Cacatua alba) with Strontium Radiation. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:78-82. [PMID: 32237686 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 26-year-old female umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) was presented for reoccurrence of a soft tissue mass extending from a fractured area of the rhinotheca. The mass was originally observed 12 years before, after unknown trauma. Histopathology after initial removal was consistent with inflammatory granulation tissue. The mass reoccurred 3 additional times in the same location despite surgical removal and cryogenic therapy. On the fourth surgical resection, strontium-90 radiotherapy was applied to the site immediately after the surgical procedure. No recurrence of the tissue mass from this location has been observed for almost 2 years. This case demonstrates the novel use of strontium radiotherapy to treat exuberant granulation tissue in a bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rockwell
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA,
| | - Jayme Looper
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Bonnie Boudreaux
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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DDB2 Genetic Risk Factor for Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified in Three Additional Horse Breeds. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121460. [PMID: 33291392 PMCID: PMC7762027 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer affecting the equine eye. A missense variant within the gene damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2 c.1013C>T, p.Thr338Met) was previously identified as a causal recessive genetic risk factor for the development of ocular SCC within Haflingers, Belgian Draft horses, and Rocky Mountain Horses, but not in the Appaloosa or Arabian breeds. This study aimed to evaluate three cases of ocular SCC in additional breeds and determine if DNA testing for the DDB2 variant in warmblood horses and Connemara ponies is warranted. Histopathology confirmed ocular SCC in all three cases and DNA testing confirmed each horse was homozygous for the DDB2 risk factor. The DDB2 risk allele frequency was estimated to be 0.0043 for Holsteiners (N = 115), 0.014 for Belgian Warmbloods (N = 71), and 0.22 for Connemara Ponies (N = 86). Taken together these data support using DNA testing for DDB2 in Connemara Ponies to assist in mate selection and clinical management. Given the low observed allele frequencies in both the Holsteiner and Belgian Warmblood breeds and that the case under investigation was a warmblood cross-bred, evaluating additional SCC affected warmbloods is warranted to fully determine the importance of DDB2 genotyping as a risk factor in warmblood breeds.
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Abstract
Horses perform in a variety of disciplines that are visually demanding, and any disease impacting the eye has the potential to threaten vision and thus the utility of the horse. Advances in equine genetics have enabled the understanding of some inherited ocular disorders and ocular manifestations and are enabling cross-species comparisons. Genetic testing for multiple congenital ocular anomalies, congenital stationary night blindness, equine recurrent uveitis, and squamous cell carcinoma can identify horses with or at risk for disease and thus can assist in clinical management and breeding decisions. This article describes the current knowledge of inherited ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Bellone
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Additional Evidence for DDB2 T338M as a Genetic Risk Factor for Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Horses. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:3610965. [PMID: 31637255 PMCID: PMC6766160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3610965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common periocular cancer in horses and the second most common tumor of the horse overall. A missense mutation in damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2, c.1012 C>T, p.Thr338Met) was previously found to be strongly associated with ocular SCC in Haflinger and Belgian horses, explaining 76% of cases across both breeds. To determine if this same variant in DDB2 contributes to risk for ocular SCC in the Arabian, Appaloosa, and Percheron breeds and to determine if the variant contributes to risk for oral or urogenital SCC, histologically confirmed SCC cases were genotyped for the DDB2 variant and associations were investigated. Horses with urogenital SCC that were heterozygous for the DDB2 risk allele were identified in the Appaloosa breed, but a significant association between the DDB2 variant and SCC occurring at any location in this breed was not detected. The risk allele was not identified in Arabians, and no Percherons were homozygous for the risk allele. High-throughput sequencing data from six Haflingers were analyzed to ascertain if any other variant from the previously associated 483 kb locus on ECA12 was more concordant with the SCC phenotype than the DDB2 variant. Sixty polymorphisms were prioritized for evaluation, and no other variant from this locus explained the genetic risk better than the DDB2 allele (P = 3.39 × 10−17, n = 118). These data provide further support of the DDB2 variant contributing to risk for ocular SCC, specifically in the Haflinger and Belgian breeds.
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Knickelbein KE, Lassaline ME, Singer-Berk M, Reilly CM, Clode AB, Famula TR, Michau TM, Bellone RR. A missense mutation in damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 is a genetic risk factor for ocular squamous cell carcinoma in Belgian horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:34-40. [PMID: 30903710 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Belgian horses are commonly affected with ocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most common cancer of the equine eye. A missense mutation in damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2 c.1013C>T, p.Thr338Met) has been established as a recessive genetic risk factor for ocular SCC in the Haflinger breed. A sample of Belgian horses with unknown SCC phenotype was shown to possess this variant at a similar frequency to the Haflinger breed. Retrospective studies indicate that chestnut coat colour may predispose to the development of SCC. OBJECTIVES To determine if DDB2 c.1013C>T is a risk factor for ocular SCC in a strictly phenotyped sample of Belgian horses. To investigate associations between coat colour loci genotypes and ocular SCC. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective and prospective case identification, genetic investigation. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from blood, hair or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 25 Belgian horses with histologically confirmed ocular SCC and 18 unaffected Belgian horses. Association testing of 34 single nucleotide variants from 11 genomic loci and genotyping for DDB2 c.1013C>T and coat colour alleles were performed. Exons of DDB2 were sequenced in four cases and two controls. Associations were analysed by Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and relative risk was calculated. RESULTS Homozygosity for DDB2 c.1013C>T was significantly associated with ocular SCC (P = 7.4 × 10-7 ). Seventy-six per cent of affected horses were homozygous for the variant. Relative risk for homozygous horses developing SCC was 4.0 (P = 1.0 × 10-4 ). Sequencing DDB2 did not identify a variant more concordant with disease phenotype. An association between disease and coat colour loci was not identified. MAIN LIMITATIONS Phenotyping was determined at a single timepoint. Each included horse genotyped as chestnut, so association with this MC1R variant could not be investigated. CONCLUSIONS A missense variant, DDB2 c.1013C>T, p.Thr338Met, is a risk factor for ocular SCC in Belgian horses. A genetic risk test is commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Knickelbein
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - M E Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - M Singer-Berk
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C M Reilly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - A B Clode
- New England Equine Medical & Surgical Center, PLLC, Dover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - T R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - T M Michau
- Blue Pearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - R R Bellone
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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19
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Jeanes EC, Koll‐Hampp S, Dawson C, Dunkel B, Tetas Pont R. Rhomboid blepharoplasty and cryotherapy for the treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma on the lower eyelid in a horse. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:40-46. [PMID: 30656005 PMCID: PMC6333075 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A rhomboid blepharoplasty can be used to achieve functional and cosmetic eyelid reconstruction at the medial canthus in the horse. Combination of a rhomboid blepharoplasty with cryotherapy is a treatment option for eyelid ocular squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Jeanes
- Centre for Small Animal StudiesAnimal Health TrustNewmarket, SuffolkUK
| | - Sarah Koll‐Hampp
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Bettina Dunkel
- Equine HospitalRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
| | - Roser Tetas Pont
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth Mymms, HertfordshireUK
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20
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Knickelbein KE, Lassaline ME, Bellone RR. Limbal squamous cell carcinoma in a Rocky Mountain Horse: Case report and investigation of genetic contribution. Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 22:201-205. [PMID: 30238589 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a Rocky Mountain Horse stallion determined to be homozygous for the genetic risk factor (DDB2 c.1013C>T) strongly associated with the disease in Haflinger and Belgian horses, and to determine the frequency of this allele in a larger population of Rocky Mountain Horses. ANIMALS STUDIED One privately owned Rocky Mountain Horse and 84 Rocky Mountain Horses screened for allelic frequency. PROCEDURES A complete ophthalmic examination was performed on a Rocky Mountain Horse stallion for assessment of a mass affecting the right eye. A clinical diagnosis of suspected limbal SCC was made, and routine keratoconjunctivectomy and adjunctive strontium irradiation were performed. Genotyping for the DDB2 c.1013C > T (rs1139682898) risk variant was performed utilizing an allele-specific PCR assay on DNA isolated from whole blood and hair follicles. RESULTS Histopathology confirmed the limbal mass to be consistent with SCC. The horse was genotyped as homozygous for the DDB2 c.1013C >T risk variant. The frequency of the variant allele among a population of 84 Rocky Mountain Horses was found to be 0.20. CONCLUSION The Rocky Mountain Horse breed possesses the DDB2 variant allele determined to be a significant risk factor for ocular SCC in the Haflinger and Belgian breeds. Genotyping additional Rocky Mountain Horses diagnosed with ocular SCC as well as confirmed healthy controls for this variant should be undertaken to determine whether a significant association exists between ocular SCC and the variant in the Rocky Mountain Horse breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Knickelbein
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mary E Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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21
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Abstract
Periocular neoplasia is common in horses. Treatment of the periocular skin and ocular adnexal structures can be technically challenging. Common neoplastic conditions, a treatment algorithm, surgical principles, and therapeutic modalities are reviewed. Regardless of the type of neoplasia found or the treatment that is applied, success is most likely when the neoplastic tumor is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Estell
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 17690 Old Waterford Road, Leesburg, VA 20176, USA.
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22
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23
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Genetic Testing as a Tool to Identify Horses with or at Risk for Ocular Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2017; 33:627-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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24
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Bellone RR, Liu J, Petersen JL, Mack M, Singer-Berk M, Drögemüller C, Malvick J, Wallner B, Brem G, Penedo MC, Lassaline M. A missense mutation in damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 is a genetic risk factor for limbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:342-353. [PMID: 28425625 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer of the equine eye, frequently originating at the limbus, with the potential to invade the cornea, cause visual impairment, and result in loss of the eye. Several breeds of horses have a high occurrence of limbal SCC implicating a genetic basis for limbal SCC predisposition. Pedigree analysis in the Haflinger breed supports a simple recessive mode of inheritance and a genome-wide association study (N = 23) identified a 1.5 Mb locus on ECA12 significantly associated with limbal SCC (Pcorrected = 0.04). Sequencing the most physiologically relevant gene from this locus, damage specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2), identified a missense mutation (c.1013 C > T p.Thr338Met) that was strongly associated with limbal SCC (P = 3.41 × 10-10 ). Genotyping 42 polymorphisms narrowed the ECA12 candidate interval to 483 kb but did not identify another variant that was more strongly associated. DDB2 binds to ultraviolet light damaged DNA and recruits other proteins to perform global genome nucleotide excision repair. Computational modeling predicts this mutation to be deleterious by altering conformation of the β loop involved in photolesion recognition. This DDB2 variant was also detected in two other closely related breeds with reported cases of ocular SCC, the Belgian and the Percheron, suggesting it may also be a SCC risk factor in these breeds. Furthermore, in humans xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E, a disease characterized by sun sensitivity and increased risk of cutaneous SCC and melanomas, is explained by mutations in DDB2. Cross-species comparison remains to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Maura Mack
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Moriel Singer-Berk
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Julia Malvick
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Cecilia Penedo
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mary Lassaline
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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25
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Rassnick KM, Njaa BL. Cyclooxygenase-2 Immunoreactivity in Equine Ocular Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:436-9. [PMID: 17609359 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common tumor in horses, and 40%-50% may occur in ocular and adnexal structures. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins that control cell growth and the development and progression of cancer. Mechanisms responsible for the initial upregulation of COX-2 in neoplasia are unclear; prolonged sunlight exposure and mutations in the p53 gene may be possibilities. Because the etiopathogenesis of ocular SCC in horses may involve ultraviolet sunlight and p53 mutations, the purpose of this study was to characterize the immunoreactivity of COX-2 in these tumors. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was found in 6 of 22 (27%) paraffin-embedded equine SCCs. Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity was associated with the mitotic index ( P < 0.001). Strategies to inhibit COX-2 by the use of topical or systemic COX-2 inhibitors might prove to be a safe and economical treatment in some horses with SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Rassnick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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26
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Maninchedda U, Nottrott K, Gangl M. Enucleation in equids with and without the use of an orbital suture meshwork implant: a retrospective study of 37 cases. Vet Rec 2015; 177:367. [PMID: 26442527 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study on 37 horses was conducted to assess long-term complications, scarring, cosmetic appearance and owner satisfaction of horses that underwent transpalpebral enucleation with (n=26) or without (n=11) non-absorbable sutured meshwork prosthesis between 2006 and 2013. Postoperative complications related to the surgery were wound infection, discharge and dehiscence, and no significant difference between groups was found. In one horse, the meshwork had to be removed in order to treat a chronic fistula. Horses with infection or inflammation before surgery were more likely to encounter postoperative complications, whether or not a meshwork was used. Most owners were satisfied by the surgical technique for scarring, but contrary to the present hypothesis, most horses with a meshwork implant had a poor sunken-in appearance, and 26 per cent of owners would like to attempt other techniques to improve the cosmetic result. Also, a further 44 per cent of owners would prefer a better cosmetic result if the technique does not increase complication risk or cost. Meshwork implant prosthesis after transpalpebral enucleation was safe. However, in order to achieve a better cosmetic result, further improvements of the technique will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Maninchedda
- University of Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Berne and ALP-Haras, Länggasstrasse 124, Berne CH-3001, Switzerland Equine Department, VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy l'Etoile F-69280, France
| | - K Nottrott
- University of Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France Equine Department, VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy l'Etoile F-69280, France
| | - M Gangl
- Equine Department, VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy l'Etoile F-69280, France
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27
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Tornago R, Sabattini S, De Simoi A, Bettini G, Furlanello T, Baldassarre V, Cornali M, Mazzucato M, Carlin S, Gentilini F. Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse by surgical debulking followed by metronomic chemotherapy. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tornago
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - S. Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - A. De Simoi
- Feltrina Veterinary Clinic; Feltre Belluno Italy
| | - G. Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | | | | | - M. Cornali
- Ippodromo di Merano Veterinary Horse Clinic; Merano Italy
| | | | - S. Carlin
- Ippodromo di Merano Veterinary Horse Clinic; Merano Italy
| | - F. Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
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28
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Dorbandt DM, Driskell EA, Hamor RE. Treatment of corneal squamous cell carcinoma using topical 1% 5-fluorouracil as monotherapy. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:256-261. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Dorbandt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Driskell
- Department of Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 2001 S. Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Ralph E. Hamor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
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29
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30
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Lassaline M, Cranford TL, Latimer CA, Bellone RR. Limbal squamous cell carcinoma in Haflinger horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:404-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lassaline
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis CA USA
| | - Taryn L. Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC USA
| | | | - Rebecca R. Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory; Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California-Davis; Davis CA USA
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31
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Scherrer NM, Lassaline-Utter M, McKenna BC. Characterization and outcome following excision of masses in the nictitating membranes of horses: 50 cases (1998–2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:812-5. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.7.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Surjan Y, Donaldson D, Ostwald P, Milross C, Warren-Forward H. A Review of Current Treatment Options in the Treatment of Ocular and/or Periocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Horses: Is There a Definitive “Best” Practice? J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Nevile JC, Hurn SD, Turner AG, McCowan C. Management of canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma with lamellar keratectomy and strontium 90 plesiotherapy: 3 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:254-60. [PMID: 25163797 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report three cases of canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with strontium 90 beta radiation as an adjunct to surgical excision. METHODS Corneal SCC was excised with lamellar keratectomy. This was followed by local application of strontium 90 beta radiation. RESULTS Available case follow-up times range from 3 to 50 months. One case suffered a recurrence 5 months following initial excision and strontium 90 treatment. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Strontium 90 beta radiation has been used extensively as an adjunctive treatment for equine corneal SCC and in other canine ocular tumors; however, there is a paucity of information regarding use in canine corneal SCC. The cases presented here suggest its use following keratectomy may be helpful in preventing disease recurrence. At the dosage used, severe adverse effects were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Nevile
- All Animal Eye Services, 5 Andrew St Mount, Waverley, 3149, Vic., Australia
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34
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Bergstrom BE, Labelle AL, Pryde ME, Hamor RE, Myrna KE. Prevalence of ophthalmic disease in blue-eyed horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. E. Bergstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana USA
| | - A. L. Labelle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana USA
| | - M. E. Pryde
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana USA
| | - R. E. Hamor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana USA
| | - K. E. Myrna
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Georgia; Athens USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- K. W. Montgomery
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
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36
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Giuliano EA, Johnson PJ, Delgado C, Pearce JW, Moore CP. Local photodynamic therapy delays recurrence of equine periocular squamous cell carcinoma compared to cryotherapy. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17 Suppl 1:37-45. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Cherlene Delgado
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706-1102 USA
| | - Jacqueline W. Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Cecil P. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Taylor
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette; Indiana; USA
| | - G. Haldorson
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology; Washington State University; Pullman; Washington; USA
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38
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Mair TS, Sherlock CE, Pearson GR. Delayed metastasis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma following treatment in five horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Michau TM, Davidson MG, Gilger BC. Carbon dioxide laser photoablation adjunctive therapy following superficial lamellar keratectomy and bulbar conjunctivectomy for the treatment of corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: a review of 24 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:245-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Clode AB, Miller C, McMullen RJ, Gilger BC. A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent CO2 laser ablation versus topical administration of mitomycin C as therapy for equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:254-62. [PMID: 22151345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy vs. CO(2) laser ablation for treating equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-five horses with corneolimbal SCC. PROCEDURES Medical records of horses undergoing surgical tumor resection followed by either topical MMC therapy (0.04%) or CO(2) laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within MMC subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was initiated relative to surgery. RESULTS Therapy with topical MMC resulted in a nonrecurrence rate comparable to that achieved with CO(2) laser ablation (82.4% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Initiation of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site a mean of 15 days postoperatively did not result in increased recurrence rates relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period. Vision- or globe-threatening complications tended to occur with greater frequency in horses receiving topical MMC in the immediate postoperative period (5 of 6 major complications) relative to following epithelialization of the surgical site (1 of 6 major complications). CONCLUSIONS Horses receiving adjunctive topical MMC therapy were no more likely to experience tumor recurrence than were horses undergoing CO(2) laser ablation in the horses in this study. Initiation of two to three rounds of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site results in fewer major complications and achieves comparable disease resolution relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Clode
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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LABELLE AL, METZLER AG, WILKIE DA. Nictitating membrane resection in the horse: A comparison of long-term outcomes using local vs. general anaesthesia. Equine Vet J 2011:42-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Elce YA, Wilkie DA, Santschi EM, Green E. Metastasis or delayed local extension of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in four horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in animals is a primary neoplasm of epithelial origin. OSCC or "cancer eye" is the most common malignant tumor affecting cattle in North America and is responsible for significant economic losses. In the United States, the prevalence of OSCC varies geographically and is higher in the southwestern region and in lower latitudes with higher levels of sunlight. Control of this disease would be of considerable significance to the economics and profitability of the beef and dairy cattle industries. This article reviews the characteristics of the most commonly affected animals, the factors that are believed to contribute to the development of OSCC, and the treatment options that have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsujita
- Department of Small and Large Animal Sciences, Comparative Ophthalmology Service, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100126 Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA
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Mathes RL, Paige Carmichael K, Peroni J, Anthony Moore P. Primary lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma of the third eyelid in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:48-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Giuliano EA. Equine periocular neoplasia: current concepts in aetiopathogenesis and emerging treatment modalities. Equine Vet J 2010:9-18. [PMID: 20939161 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.tb05629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic adnexal disease represents one of the most frequently encountered and therapeutically challenging ophthalmic problems of horses. This paper reviews current concepts in equine periocular neoplasia. Specifically, a literature-based review of the aetiopathogenesis of the most common tumours to affect the equine eyelid (squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoid, melanoma and lymphosarcoma) is provided. Current and emerging treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Giuliano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Malalana F, Knottenbelt D, McKane S. Mitomycin C, with or without surgery, for the treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Vet Rec 2010; 167:373-6. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Malalana
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE
| | - D. Knottenbelt
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE
| | - S. McKane
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE
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Naylor RJ, Dunkel B, Dyson S, Paz-Penuelas MP, Dobson J. A retrobulbar meningioma as a cause of unilateral exophthalmos and blindness in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0957-7734.2010.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kafarnik C, Rawlings M, Dubielzig RR. Corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective morphological description in 10 horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12:6-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Giuliano EA, MacDonald I, McCaw DL, Dougherty TJ, Klauss G, Ota J, Pearce JW, Johnson PJ. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of periocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses: a pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol 2008; 11 Suppl 1:27-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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