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Lee D, Yun T, Koo Y, Chae Y, Chang D, Yang MP, Kang BT, Kim H. 18F-FDG PET/CT image findings of a dog with adrenocortical carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:15. [PMID: 34980137 PMCID: PMC8722145 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In human medicine, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to differentiate between benign and malignant adrenal tumors and to identify metastases. However, canine adrenocortical carcinomas identified by 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) have not been reported. Case presentation A 13-year-old, castrated male, Cocker Spaniel dog with severe systolic hypertension exhibited an adrenal mass approximately 3.6 cm in diameter on ultrasonography. There was no evidence of pulmonary metastasis or vascular invasion on thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography, respectively. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to identify the characteristics of the adrenal mass and the state of metastasis. One hour after injection of 5.46 MBq/kg 18F-FDG intravenously, the peripheral region of the adrenal mass visually revealed an increased 18F-FDG uptake, which was higher than that of the liver, and the central region of the mass exhibited necrosis. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) of the adrenal mass was 3.24; and relative SUV, calculated by dividing the maximal SUV of the adrenal tumor by the mean SUV of the normal liver, was 5.23. Adrenocortical carcinoma was tentatively diagnosed and surgical adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the resected adrenal mass revealed the characteristics of an adrenocortical carcinoma. After adrenalectomy, systolic blood pressure reduced to below 150 mmHg without any medication. Conclusion This is the first case report of 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in a dog with suspected adrenocortical carcinoma and may provide valuable diagnostic information for adrenocortical carcinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yeon Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Department of Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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2
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Sasaki N, Oo T, Yasuda Y, Ichise T, Nagata N, Yokoyama N, Sasaoka K, Morishita K, Nakayama SM, Ishizuka M, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M, Ikenaka Y. Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1634-1642. [PMID: 34544959 PMCID: PMC8636878 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum.
Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone,
17α-OH-progesterone and aldosterone) in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Serum was mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by the automated column-switching
system. The limit of detection ranged 2–16 pg/ml for nine steroids. In the baseline samples, five steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone)
were detected in all dogs. The concentrations of cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone in dogs with HAC (n=19) were significantly higher those in dogs without HAC (n=15,
P<0.02). After the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, six steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, and
deoxycorticosterone) were above the limit of quantification in all dogs. Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, and deoxycorticosterone concentrations of dogs with HAC were significantly
higher than those of dogs without HAC (P<0.02). In addition, 11-deoxycortisol and 17α-OH-progesterone concentration was higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs without HAC
(P=0.044 and P=0.048, respectively). The on-line column-switching LC/MS/MS would be feasible for measuring multiple steroids in dog serum. The results
suggest that cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone would be related to HAC. Further studies are warranted to assess the clinical feasibility of steroid profile in dogs with
HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Thandar Oo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichise
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 19-jo Nishi 10-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 19-jo Nishi 10-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 19-jo Nishi 10-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 19-jo Nishi 10-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Shouta Mm Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 19-jo Nishi 10-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North West, South Africa
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3
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Ronja N, Kölle P. [Obesity in dogs - A review of underlying reasons]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:284-293. [PMID: 34425607 DOI: 10.1055/a-1548-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity does not merely represent a human problem but is also recognized as an immense health threat in domestic animals. However, this disease is frequently not recognized by the pet owner. Current studies assume that up to 60 % of domestic dogs are overweight or significantly obese with various reasons existing for this development. Not only the feeding management contributes to the development of obesity but also genetics, age and gender as well as specific primary diseases add to the individual's weight gain. Addtionally, medical treatment and the owner-pet-relationship may increase the risk for obesity. In order to treat obesity in a qualified manner or ideally to prevent this from developing in the first place, a profound knowledge concerning the underlying causes is essential. The present article provides a review of the most important impact factors thus adding to the body of information allowing for the acquisition of such expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsch Ronja
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Petra Kölle
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Kim H, Kang JH, Jung DI, Kang BT, Chang D, Yang MP. A preliminary evaluation of the circulating leptin/adiponectin ratio in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and concurrent diabetes mellitus. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106506. [PMID: 32920447 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin are thought to modulate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but there is limited information regarding the adipokine status of hyperglycemic dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in the leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin sensitivity, and/or pancreatic β-cell function are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). A total of 48 client-owned dogs were included in this prospective observational study: 20 dogs with PDH (10 normoglycemic and 10 with DM), 15 dogs with DM, and 13 healthy dogs. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured, and homeostatic model assessment indices (HOMAs) were calculated and compared among the groups. Serum leptin was significantly higher in PDH dogs with and without DM than in healthy and DM dogs, and it was lower in DM dogs than in PDH dogs without DM. Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs, and it was significantly lower in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-10 was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs without DM. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs. Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-1β concentration was significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs and PDH dogs with DM and without DM. Serum TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations were not different among groups. The HOMAβ-cell function was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs, while HOMAinsulin sensitivity was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy dogs. These results suggest that adipokine dysregulation, a reduction in insulin sensitivity, and a further impairment in pancreatic β-cell function might predispose PDH dogs to DM. Further longitudinal study will be necessary to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - D-I Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - B-T Kang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - D Chang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - M-P Yang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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5
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Appelgrein C, Hosgood G, Drynan E, Nesbitt A. Short-term outcome of adrenalectomy in dogs with adrenal gland tumours that did not receive pre-operative medical management. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:449-454. [PMID: 32583433 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review medical records of dogs that underwent adrenalectomy without pre-operative medical management, to examine the peri-operative morbidity and mortality. DESIGN Case series of 65 dogs. METHODS Medical records were reviewed. Features recorded included the histologic diagnosis, intra-operative hypertension or tachycardia, requirement for cavotomy, administration of intra- and post-operative corticosteroids, performance of additional surgery and the occurrence of peri-operative complications. Dogs requiring emergency surgery were excluded. RESULTS Of the 65 dogs, 49 had adrenocortical tumours (11 bilateral), 13 had pheochromocytomas (one bilateral) and three dogs had tumours in both adrenal glands of a different tumour type. Five dogs had caudal vena cava invasion and 33 had additional procedures performed at the same time. Mortality occurred in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%-8.2%), major complications were identified in 1/65 dogs (1.5%; 95% CI 0.03%-8.2%) and minor complications occurred in 10/53 dogs (15%; 95% CI 8.6%-26%). CONCLUSION Based on the limited peri-operative complications and low mortality in this pre-operatively untreated cohort, and based on critique of the available literature, the added value afforded by pre-operative treatment is questioned. With appropriate management, adrenal tumours can be removed with few peri-operative complications and low mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Appelgrein
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - G Hosgood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - E Drynan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - A Nesbitt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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6
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Favorable outcome of pheochromocytoma in a dog with atypical Cushing's syndrome and diabetes mellitus following medical treatment: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:3. [PMID: 31900158 PMCID: PMC6942262 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pheochromocytoma (PCC) has poor prognosis and adrenalectomy is hard to be performed, in case of caudal vena cava invasion. The long-term administration of phenoxybenzamine in PCC has not been reported in dogs. Case presentation A 14-year-old castrated male Poodle dog presented with an abdominal mass. On physical examination, hypertension, increased lens opacity, calcinosis cutis, generalized alopecia, and systolic murmur were observed. Serum chemistry and urinalysis profiles revealed hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, elevated liver enzymes, and glucosuria. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a right adrenal mass with invasion of the caudal vena cava, which was cytologically diagnosed as suspected PCC. An adrenal mass (width × height × length, 28 × 26 × 48 mm3) was found on computed tomography and diagnosed as PCC with increased plasma metanephrines and normetanephrines. An adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulation test showed elevated adrenal hormones (androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, and 17-OH progesterone) with normal cortisol, compatible with atypical Cushing’s syndrome. The dog was managed with trilostane, phenoxybenzamine, and insulin therapy. Glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine levels gradually decreased, and hypertension resolved. In the 10-month follow-up period, the liver enzymes levels gradually decreased, and the clinical signs of the dog were well-controlled without deterioration. Conclusions This case report describes long-term medical management without adrenalectomy of PCC complicated with atypical Cushing’s syndrome and DM.
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Investigation of adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction in dogs with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212638. [PMID: 30811473 PMCID: PMC6392329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele formation is an emerging disease in dogs characterized by increased secretion of condensed granules of gel-forming mucin by the gallbladder epithelium and formation of an abnormally thick mucus that can culminate in obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and its pathogenesis is unknown. Affected dogs have a significantly increased likelihood of concurrent diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia. Whether these endocrinopathies represent coincidental primary disease processes that exacerbate gallbladder mucocele formation in predisposed dogs or reflect a concurrent disruption of endocrine and lipid metabolism is unclear. In this study, we investigated a hypothesis that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation would have a high prevalence of occult and atypical abnormalities in adrenal cortical and thyroid gland function that would suggest the presence of endocrine disruption and provide deeper insight into disease pathogenesis. We performed a case-control study of dogs with and without ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation and profiled adrenal cortical function using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based assay of serum adrenal-origin steroids before and after administration of synthetic cosyntropin. We simultaneously profiled serum thyroid hormone concentrations and evaluated iodine sufficiency by measurement of urine iodine:creatinine ratios (UICR). The studies were complemented by histological examination of archival thyroid tissue and measurements of thyroid gland organic iodine from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation and control dogs. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation demonstrated an exaggerated cortisol response to adrenal stimulation with cosyntropin. A prevalence of 10% of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation met laboratory-based criteria for suspect or definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. A significantly greater number of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had basal serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) increases compared to control dogs. A high percentage of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation (26%) met laboratory-based criteria for diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but lacked detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had significantly higher UICRs than control dogs. Examination of thyroid tissue from an unrelated group of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation did not demonstrate histological evidence of thyroiditis or significant differences in content of organic iodine. These findings suggest that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation have a greater capacity for cortisol synthesis and pinpoint DHEAS elevations as a potential clue to the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction with absent evidence for autoimmune thyroiditis suggest a disrupted thyroid hormone metabolism in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation although an influence of non-thyroidal illness cannot be excluded. High UICR in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation is of undetermined significance, but of interest for further study.
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Jana B, Palus K, Meller K, Całka J. Porcine dorsal root ganglia ovarian neurons are affected by long lasting testosterone treatment. Physiol Res 2017; 65:1019-1030. [PMID: 27959574 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of testosterone overdose on the number, distribution and chemical coding of ovarian neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in pigs. On day 3 of the estrous cycle, the ovaries of both the control and experimental gilts were injected with retrograde tracer Fast Blue. From day 4 of the estrous cycle to the expected day 20 of the second studied cycle, the experimental gilts were injected with testosterone, while the control gilts received oil. After the completion of the protocol the Th16-L5 DRGs were collected. Injections of testosterone increased the testosterone (~3.5 fold) and estradiol-17beta (~1.6 fold) levels in the peripheral blood, and reduced the following in the DRGs: the total number of the Fast Blue-positive perikarya, the population of perikarya in the L2-L4 ganglia, and the numbers of SP(+)/CGRP(+), SP(+)/PACAP(+), SP(+)/nNOS(+) and SP(-)/nNOS(+) perikarya. In the testosterone-injected gilts, the populations of SP(+)CGRP(-), small and large androgen receptors-expressing perikarya were increased. These results suggest that elevated androgen levels during pathological states may regulate the transmission of sensory modalities from the ovary to the spinal cord, and antidromic regulation of the ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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9
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Jana B, Meller KA, Bulc M, Całka J. Long-term treatment with testosterone alters ovary innervation in adult pigs. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:64. [PMID: 27724935 PMCID: PMC5057494 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraovarian distribution and density of nerve fibres immunoreactive (IR) to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and containing dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL) were determined. METHODS From day 4 of the first oestrous cycle to day 20 of the second studied cycle, experimental gilts (n = 3) were injected with testosterone (T), while control gilts (n = 3) received corn oil. RESULTS After T administration the numbers of fibres IR to PGP 9.5 and fibres IR to DβH, NPY and SOM were decreased. Fewer PGP 9.5- and DβH-IR terminals were observed within the ground plexus and around arteries and medullar veins, and medium tertiary follicles, and DβH-IR terminals in the vicinity of small tertiary follicles. T decreased the density of NPY-IR fibres in the medullar part of the ground plexus, and SOM-IR in the cortical part of the ground plexus. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data show that long-term T treatment of gilts decreases the total number of intraovarian fibres, including sympathetic ones. These results suggest that elevated T levels that occur during pathological states may affect the innervation pattern of ovaries, and their function(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jana
- Division of Biology Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-748 Poland
| | - Karolina A. Meller
- Division of Biology Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, 10-748 Poland
| | - Michał Bulc
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, 10-718 Poland
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, 10-718 Poland
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10
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Morphological and neurochemical characterization of the ovarian sympathetic chain ganglia perikarya in testosterone-treated sexually matured pigs. Ann Anat 2015; 202:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Behrend EN, Kooistra HS, Nelson R, Reusch CE, Scott-Moncrieff JC. Diagnosis of spontaneous canine hyperadrenocorticism: 2012 ACVIM consensus statement (small animal). J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1292-304. [PMID: 24112317 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis of spontaneous canine hyperadrenocorticism. The possibility that a patient has hyperadrenocorticism is based on the history and physical examination. Endocrine tests should be performed only when clinical signs consistent with HAC are present. None of the biochemical screening or differentiating tests for hyperadrenocorticism are perfect. Imaging can also play a role. Awareness of hyperadrenocorticism has heightened over time. Thus, case presentation is more subtle. Due to the changes in manifestations as well as test technology the Panel believes that references ranges should be reestablished. The role of cortisol precursors and sex hormones in causing a syndrome of occult hyperadrenocorticism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Behrend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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12
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Pace S, Creevy K, Krimer P, Brainard B. Assessment of Coagulation and Potential Biochemical Markers for Hypercoagulability in Canine Hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1113-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.L. Pace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - K.E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - P.M. Krimer
- Department of Pathology (Krimer); College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - B.M. Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA
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13
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Monroe W, Panciera D, Zimmerman K. Concentrations of Noncortisol Adrenal Steroids in Response to ACTH in Dogs with Adrenal-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism, Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism, and Nonadrenal Illness. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:945-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W.E. Monroe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA
| | - D.L. Panciera
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA
| | - K.L. Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA
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Davis MK, Schochet RA, Wrigley R. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF VASCULAR INVASION BY ADRENAL TUMORS IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:442-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Davis
- From the Veterinary Cancer Group; Culver City; CA; 90232
| | | | - Robert Wrigley
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Ft. Collins; CO; 80526
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Proverbio D, Spada E, Perego R, Grieco V, Lodi M, Di Giancamillo M, Ferro E. Potential variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:132-8. [PMID: 22267170 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This report describes multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog, which is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the presence of two or more neoplasms of different endocrine tissues within a patient. A 14 yr old dog was evaluated for polyuria/polydipsia, polyphagia, and abdominal enlargement. Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism with concomitant left thyroid enlargement and a presumed abdominal metastatic lesion were diagnosed by an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. Trilostane therapy was initiated and resolved the clinical signs for 2 yr at which time the dog presented with left testicular enlargement. The dog was euthanized and was diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, an abdominal mass compatible with a metastatic lymph node, and bilateral interstitial cell testicular adenomas. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe the concomitant association of these types of endocrine neoplasms in a dog. The concomitant presence of these neoplasms could represent a potential variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia; however, the presence of the interstitial cell testicular adenomas may have only been an incidental finding. If any of these tumors are diagnosed, veterinarians should perform a thorough clinical assessment to evaluate for the presence of additional endocrine neoplasms or hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Klose TC, Creevy KE, Brainard BM. Evaluation of coagulation status in dogs with naturally occurring canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2011; 21:625-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The case of a polyorchid Irish Setter is presented here. Castration and intra-abdominal testis removal were performed one year of age when one scrotal and one cryptorchid testis near the right inguinal canal were removed. Later it became apparent that there was still testosterone production. A third testis, abdominal cryptorchid, was found on the right side cranially and right to the bladder. The third testis had a strong cranial suspensory ligament and the tail of the epididymis was elongated. The ductus deferens did not enter the prostate but followed the gubernaculum to the inguinal canal near the stump of the previous operation on the caudal right testis. This suggests that two right cryptorchid testes had common ductus deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Tamminen
- Department of Reproduction Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Fecteau KA, Eiler H, Oliver JW. Effect of combined lignan phytoestrogen and melatonin treatment on secretion of steroid hormones by adrenal carcinoma cells. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:675-80. [PMID: 21529220 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.5.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro effect of the combination of lignan enterolactone (ENL) or lignan enterodiol (END) with melatonin on steroid hormone secretion and cellular aromatase content in human adrenal carcinoma cells. SAMPLE Human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. PROCEDURES Melatonin plus ENL or END was added to cell culture medium along with cAMP (100μM); control cells received cAMP alone. Medium and cell lysates were collected after 24 and 48 hours of cultivation. Samples of medium were analyzed for progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, aldosterone, estradiol, and cortisol concentration by use of radioimmunoassays. Cell lysates were used for western blot analysis of aromatase content. RESULTS The addition of ENL or END with melatonin to cAMP-stimulated cells (treated cells) resulted in significant decreases in estradiol, androstenedione, and cortisol concentrations at 24 and 48 hours, compared with concentrations in cells stimulated with cAMP alone (cAMP control cells). The addition of these compounds to cAMP-stimulated cells also resulted in higher progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations than in cAMP control cells; aldosterone concentration was not affected by treatments. Compared with the content in cAMP control cells, aromatase content in treated cells was significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combination of lignan and melatonin affected steroid hormone secretion by acting directly on adrenal tumor cells. Results supported the concept that this combination may yield similar effects on steroid hormone secretion by the adrenal glands in dogs with typical and atypical hyperadrenocorticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Fecteau
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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19
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Meler EN, Scott-Moncrieff JC, Peter AT, Bennett S, Ramos-Vara J, Salisbury SK, Naughton JF. Cyclic estrous-like behavior in a spayed cat associated with excessive sex-hormone production by an adrenocortical carcinoma. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:473-8. [PMID: 21498101 PMCID: PMC10832713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for 1-year duration of cyclic intermittent estrous behavior. Diagnostic testing performed before referral, including baseline progesterone concentration, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone stimulation test and surgical exploratory laparotomy, had remained inconclusive for a remnant ovary. Evaluation of sex hormones before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration revealed increased basal concentrations of androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and normal ACTH-stimulated hormone concentrations. Enlargement of the right adrenal gland was identified by abdominal ultrasound. The cat underwent an adrenalectomy and histopathology of the excised adrenal gland was consistent with an adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical signs resolved immediately following surgery, and most hormone concentrations declined to within or below the reference interval (RI) by 2 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Meler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Augustine T. Peter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara Bennett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jose Ramos-Vara
- Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S. Kathleen Salisbury
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James F. Naughton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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20
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Haffner JC, Fecteau KA, Eiler H, Tserendorj T, Hoffman RM, Oliver JW. Blood steroid concentrations in domestic Mongolian horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:537-43. [PMID: 20622223 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, analysis of blood cortisol alone has been used to evaluate adrenal function. Currently, multisteroid analyses are considered more informative than analysis of a single hormone to assess adrenal function. The objective of the present research was to create a database for steroid reference values for domestic Mongolian horses. Seven adrenal steroid levels were determined in the blood of 18 colts, 34 stallions, 25 geldings, 17 fillies, and 29 mares. Results were as follows (lowest and highest group median, in nanograms per milliliter): progesterone: <0.030 (fillies), 4.30 (mares), and 0.070 (all horses); 17-OH-progesterone: 0.070 (colts), 0.520 (mares), and 0.110 (all horses); androstenedione: 0.101 (colts), 0.256 (stallions), and 0.181 (all horses); testosterone: <0.040 (mares, stallions, and fillies), 0.040 (geldings and colts), and <0.40 (all horses); estradiol: 0.066 (stallions), 0.093 (fillies), and 0.085 (all horses); cortisol: 23.040 (colts), 70.210 (geldings), and 50.770 (all horses); and aldosterone: 0.018 (colts), 0.297 (geldings), and 0.191 (all horses). Overall medians indicate that cortisol (98.70%) is the predominant steroid, followed by aldosterone (0.37%), androstenedione (0.35%), 17-OH-progesterone (0.21%), estradiol (0.17%), progesterone (0.14%), and testosterone (0.06%). This information provides adrenal and gonadal steroid reference concentrations to assist in physiological characterization and diagnosis of endocrine disorders in domestic Mongolian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Haffner
- Department of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Horse Science Center, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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21
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Brömel C, Feldman EC, Davidson AP, Nelson RW, Kass PH, Esteller Vico A, Labelle P, Munro CJ, Conley AJ. Serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle in healthy dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 236:1208-14. [PMID: 20513199 DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.11.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine concentrations of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in serum of healthy bitches during various stages of the reproductive cycle and in bitches with hyperadrenocorticism and to compare the dynamics of 17OHP with those of progesterone. DESIGN Prospective evaluation study. ANIMALS 15 healthy sexually intact bitches and 28 spayed bitches with hyperadrenocorticism. PROCEDURES 11 healthy bitches were evaluated during estrus, nonpregnant diestrus, and anestrus (group 1); 4 other healthy bitches were evaluated during pregnancy and after ovariohysterectomy (group 2). Cycle stages were determined via physical examination, vaginal cytologic evaluation, and serum progesterone concentration. Bitches with hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated once at the time of diagnosis (group 3). Serum hormone concentrations were determined with immunoassays. RESULTS In group 1, the serum 17OHP concentration was significantly higher in diestrus (median, 1.8 ng/mL) than in estrus (median, 1.1 ng/mL) and anestrus (median, 0.2 ng/mL) and higher in estrus than in anestrus. Changes in serum progesterone concentrations accounted for 22% (estrus) or 23% (diestrus) of the variation in serum 17OHP concentrations. In group 2, 17OHP and progesterone concentrations were significantly higher during pregnancy than after ovariohysterectomy. The serum 17OHP concentration in group 3 was significantly lower (median, 0.2 ng/mL) than in group 1 in estrus and diestrus and in group 2 during pregnancy (median, 0.7 ng/mL) but was not different from 17OHP concentrations in anestrus or after ovariohysterectomy (median, 0.2 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum 17OHP concentrations in healthy bitches increased during estrus, diestrus, and pregnancy and at those times were higher than in spayed bitches with hyperadrenocorticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Brömel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Behrend EN, Kennis R. Atypical Cushing's Syndrome in Dogs: Arguments For and Against. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:285-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sobel KE, Williams JE. Pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:120-6. [PMID: 19691593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2008.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism possibly associated with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. CASE SUMMARY A 7-year-old spayed female Collie weighing 26 kg was referred for evaluation of spontaneous pneumothorax. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed and revealed 2 lung lobes to be diffusely hemorrhagic and they were resected. Histologic examination of multiple sections documented diffuse thromboembolism. A 2-3 cm thrombus was visualized distal to the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery during an echocardiographic examination postoperatively. The dog was discharged to the owner after recovery from surgery. The thrombus had resolved at the 4-week recheck examination. Diagnosis of pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism was confirmed based on follow-up endocrine testing. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This is the first report of pulmonary thromboembolism causing spontaneous pneumothorax in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Sobel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Care, VCA-Veterinary Referral Associates, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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Carter RT, Oliver JW, Stepien RL, Bentley E. Elevations in sex hormones in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2009; 45:207-14. [PMID: 19723843 DOI: 10.5326/0450207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dogs diagnosed with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) commonly are presented with concurrent clinical, physical, and historical findings consistent with hyperadreno-corticism (HAC) at the time of vision loss. Thirteen dogs diagnosed with SARDS on the basis of complete ophthalmic examination and extinguished bright-flash electroretinogram were evaluated for steroid hormonal abnormalities. Signalment, case history, physical examination, and clinicopathological findings were recorded. Serum cortisol and sex-hormone concentrations were measured before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Clinical signs of HAC, systemic hypertension, and proteinuria were commonly found in dogs with SARDS. Elevations in one or more sex hormones were found in 11 (85%) of 13 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 65% to 100%); cortisol was elevated in nine (69%) of 13 dogs (95% CI 44% to 94%). A minority of dogs (three [23%] of 13; 95% CI 0.2% to 46%) exhibited only an increase in adrenal sex hormones. Only one dog had completely normal ACTH stimulation test results. Symptoms of HAC were associated with abnormal ACTH stimulation results. Routine ACTH stimulation testing to evaluate cortisol and sex hormones, blood pressure screening, and urinalysis are recommended in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS, Boretti FS, Wenger M, Maser-Gluth C, Reusch CE. Evaluation of cortisol precursors for the diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism in dogs. Vet Rec 2008; 162:673-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.21.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - F. S. Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Wenger
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - C. Maser-Gluth
- Steroid Laboratory; Institute of Pharmacology; Ruprecht-Karls University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - C. E. Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Fecteau KA, Deeb BJ, Rickel JM, Kelch WJ, Oliver JW. Diagnostic Endocrinology: Blood Steroid Concentrations in Neutered Male and Female Rabbits. J Exot Pet Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
A presumptive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs can be made from clinical signs, physical examination, routine laboratory tests, and diagnostic imaging findings, but the diagnosis must be confirmed by use of pituitary-adrenal function tests. Screening tests designed to diagnose hyperadrenocorticism include the corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone; ACTH) stimulation test, low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, and the urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio. None of these screening tests are perfect, and all are capable of giving false-negative and false-positive test results. Because of the limitation of these diagnostic tests, screening for hyperadrenocorticism must be reserved for dogs in which the disease is strongly suspected on the basis of historical and clinical findings. Once a diagnosis has been confirmed, the next step in the workup is to use one or more tests and procedures to distinguish pituitary-dependent from adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Endocrine tests in this category include the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and endogenous plasma ACTH measurements. Imaging techniques such as abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging can also be extremely helpful in determining the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peterson
- Bobst Hospital of The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York and the Animal Endocrine Clinic, Bedford Hills, New York, USA.
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Abstract
Endocrine diseases in the dog commonly manifest with dermatological lesions. Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy and usually presents with alopecia in areas of wear, seborrhea, and recurrent infections. Common clinical signs associated with hyperadrenocorticism include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. The most common dermatological manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism is bilaterally symmetrical alopecia sparing the head and distal extremities. Pyoderma is a common finding associated with immunosuppression. Less commonly, calcinosus cutis may occur. Sex hormone excess, primarily hyperestrogenism and hyperandrogenism, may also be associated with dermatological signs. Usually, dogs are intact, and the excess production is due to testicular or ovarian neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Frank
- Diplomate American College of Veterinary Dermatology, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4544, USA.
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Benitah N, Feldman EC, Kass PH, Nelson RW. Evaluation of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration after administration of ACTH in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227:1095-101. [PMID: 16220669 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentration measurement after administration of ACTH for use in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 110 dogs. PROCEDURE Serum 17-OHP concentrations were measured before and after ACTH stimulation in 53 healthy dogs to establish reference values for this study. Affected dogs had pituitary-dependent (n = 40) or adrenal tumor-associated (12) hyperadrenocorticism or potentially had atypical hyperadrenocorticism (5; diagnosis confirmed in 1 dog). In affected dogs, frequency interval and borderline and abnormal serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were determined. Serum cortisol concentrations were assessed via low-dose dexamethasone suppression and ACTH stimulation tests. RESULTS In healthy dogs, serum 17-OHP concentration frequency intervals were grouped by sex and reproductive status (defined as < 95th percentile). Frequency intervals of serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were < 77, < 2.0, < 3.2, and < 3.4 ng/mL (< 23.3, < 6.1, < 9.7, and < 10.3 nmol/L) for sexually intact and neutered females and sexually intact and neutered males, respectively. In 53 dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism, serum cortisol concentrations after ACTH stimulation and 8 hours after administration of dexamethasone and serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were considered borderline or abnormal in 79%, 93%, and 69% of dogs, respectively. Two of 5 dogs considered to have atypical hyperadrenocorticism had abnormal serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum 17-OHP concentration measurement after ACTH stimulation may be useful in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs when other test results are equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Benitah
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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