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Abad C, Fritz H, Gonzales-Viera O. Fatal septicemia in 2 South American camelids with caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal adenocarcinoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:473-476. [PMID: 38520120 PMCID: PMC11110768 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241239920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are often reported in South American camelids (SAC). We describe here cases of gastroduodenal adenocarcinoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and a llama (Llama glama); both SACs were anorectic and lethargic before death. At autopsy, a prominent and firm caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal junction with stricture and ulceration was present in both animals, as were hemorrhages in various organs and hydrothorax. Microscopically, scattered nests, cords, and tortuous acini of neoplastic epithelial cells were embedded in desmoplastic stroma and invaded the submucosa and muscle layers of the gastroduodenal junction. The mucosa was necrotic, with gram-negative rods in the alpaca and colonies of gram-positive cocci in the llama. No tumor metastases were observed. The neoplastic cells immunolabeled for pancytokeratin. Escherichia coli was isolated from the alpaca and Streptococcus lutetiensis from the llama; septicemia was the cause of death in both animals. Although adenocarcinomas arising from gastric compartments and intestinal segments have been reported in SACs, adenocarcinoma of the caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal junction has not been reported previously in these species, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemer Abad
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Heather Fritz
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Omar Gonzales-Viera
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Sparnon A, Smith J, Mulon PY, Hecht S, Anderson D, Van Amstel S. Tooth Root Abscess and Mandibular Infections in Old World Camelids: 3 Cases. Case Rep Vet Med 2024; 2024:4589572. [PMID: 38595336 PMCID: PMC11003790 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4589572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
There are limited reports of mandibular infections and tooth root abscesses in camels (Old World Camelids). This is in contrast to multiple reports and case series detailing diagnosis, management, and therapy of similar infections in New World Camelids such as llamas and alpacas. The purpose of this case series is to present three cases of camels in North America with these infections and to detail the diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, management, and follow-up of these cases. Radiography was utilized in all three cases, as was sedation and/or anesthesia. Similar to llamas, florfenicol was used for antimicrobial therapy and flunixin meglumine was utilized as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory. Some degree of lavage was required for the management of each case. Clinicians should be aware of the potential need for sedation, diagnostic imaging, culture, and extended therapies for the treatment of mandibular and tooth root infections in camels as comparatively described for llamas and alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Sparnon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
| | - Joe Smith
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Mulon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
| | - Sarel Van Amstel
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, USA
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3
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Kretsch CM, Simpson KM, Rawlinson JE, Laurence H, Spraker TR. Regional and Distant Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Male Castrated Llama: A Case Report. J Vet Dent 2022; 38:216-222. [PMID: 35023391 DOI: 10.1177/08987564211073533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 19-year-old male castrated llama presented with a 3-year history of tooth root abscesses and an osseous mass on the left mandible. Surgical excision of the affected teeth and mass was performed, and histopathologic review indicated that the mass was an oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was admitted to the hospital again 4 months later in severe respiratory distress with submandibular edema, and bicavitary effusion. Necropsy results revealed regional and distant metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cileah M Kretsch
- 70722Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678
| | - Katharine M Simpson
- 70722Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678
| | | | - Hannah Laurence
- 70722Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678
| | - Terry R Spraker
- 70722Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678
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Aboellail TA, Waugh M, Harvey A, Fisher J, Vilander AC. Neoplasia and Proliferative Lesions of New World Camelids: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Study of Cases Submitted to Colorado State University From 1995 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:743498. [PMID: 34746283 PMCID: PMC8569619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelid pathology submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories are on the rise given the increasing popularity and population of llamas and alpacas especially in the western United States. When compared to other animals, the field of camelid neoplasia has a relative paucity of cases reported in the literature. The Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (CSU-VDL) has had a steady increase in the numbers of camelid pathology submissions allowing for a robust review of diagnoses of neoplasia in new world camelids. Here we present a retrospective analysis of camelid neoplastic and proliferative lesions diagnosed at the CSU-VDL from 1995 to 2020, followed by an extensive literature review. Results show increasing incidence of camelid neoplasia reported in the literature, therefore becoming a common diagnosis in llamas and alpacas. Proliferative and neoplastic lesions were diagnosed in 8.8% of new world camelid submissions to CSU-VDL with the most common tumors being lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, fibromas, and adenocarcinomas. Risk factors are female sex and increased age except in the case of lymphoma, which tends to occur in younger camelids. Lymphomas, melanomas, and adenocarcinomas (especially of gastrointestinal tract) carry an increased risk of multiple-organ system involvement often with widespread metastases. Conditions described in camelids for the first time include osteosarcoma, cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, myxosarcoma, pilomatricoma, ovarian theca cell tumor, congenital nevus with malignant transformation, and various other neoplasia. This article will provide an operational guide for camelid neoplasia to further assist veterinary laboratory diagnosticians, researchers, and practicing veterinarians in the field of camelid medicine and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik A Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Max Waugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra Harvey
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jade Fisher
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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5
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Marchionatti E, Van der Vekens E, Peters LM, Kaiponen TS, Berenguer Veiga I, Zanolari P. Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos). BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:429. [PMID: 33167982 PMCID: PMC7653881 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report describes a case of solitary tracheal lymphoma in a 14-year-old alpaca mare. CASE PRESENTATION The alpaca was referred for dyspnea and inspiratory noise. The clinical examination included complete blood cell count, blood chemistry, endoscopy, ultrasound, radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). A solitary tracheal intraluminal and juxtatracheal lymphoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The owner requested euthanasia due to the uncertain prognosis. At postmortem examination, the presence of solitary lymphoma without involvement of other organs was confirmed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a B-cell origin. CONCLUSIONS Although multicentric lymphoma is the most commonly described neoplasia affecting South American camelids (SAC), solitary forms of the disease may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Marchionatti
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elke Van der Vekens
- Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laureen Michèle Peters
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taina Susanna Kaiponen
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inês Berenguer Veiga
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Zanolari
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Carvallo FR, Uzal FA, Flores C, Diab SS, Giannitti F, Crossley B, Wünschmann A. Alimentary necrobacillosis in alpacas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:339-343. [PMID: 32070228 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720906409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcers of the oral cavity, esophagus, and gastric compartments of South American camelids are uncommon. Multifocal-to-coalescing ulcers were identified in the oral cavity, esophagus, and/or gastric compartments of 5 alpacas submitted for postmortem examination. Fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated from the lesions in all alpacas, in combination with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In 4 of these cases, F. necrophorum-associated lesions were considered secondary to neoplasia or other chronic debilitating conditions; in 1 case, the alimentary ulcers were considered the most significant autopsy finding. It is not known if this agent acted as a primary or opportunistic agent in mucosal membranes previously damaged by a traumatic event, chemical insult, immunodeficiency, or any other debilitating condition of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Carvallo
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Carlos Flores
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Santiago S Diab
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Federico Giannitti
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Beate Crossley
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
| | - Arno Wünschmann
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino (Carvallo, Uzal) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Davis (Diab, Crossley) branches, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile (Flores).,Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Giannitti).,University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann)
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