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Pineda-Roa CA, Campo-Arias A, Bello-Villanueva AM. Beck Hopelessness Scale-20: Dimensionality and Nomological Validity Among Colombian School-Age Adolescents. Eval Health Prof 2024; 47:21-26. [PMID: 37148268 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231174479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To establish the validity of the BHS-20, a sample of 2064 adolescent students aged 14 and 17 years (M = 15.61, SD = 1.05) were invited to participate in the research. Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) were computed to evaluate the internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the dimensionality of the BHS-20. The Spearman correlation (rs) with depressive symptoms and risk of suicide scores of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale were computed to explore the nomological validity. The BHS-20 showed a high internal consistency (α = .81, ω = .93), an adequate one-dimensional structure with an excellent adjustment [χ2 S-B = 341, df = 170, p < .01, Comparative Fit Index = .99, RMSEA = .03] and acceptable nomological validity with depressive symptoms (rs = .47, p < .01) and scores for suicide risk (rs = .33, p < .01). In conclusion, current results suggest that the BHS-20 demonstrates validity and reliability among Colombian adolescent students.
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Walsh LE, Rosenfeld B, Feuerstahler L, Pessin H, Breitbart W. Measuring hopelessness in advanced cancer: a secondary analysis of the Hopelessness Assessment in Illness questionnaire (HAI). Psychol Health 2021:1-15. [PMID: 34678104 PMCID: PMC9023589 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1989430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hopelessness, or a sense of despair about the future, has been a growing focus of psychological research among patients with serious medical illnesses. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hopelessness Assessment in Illness (HAI) questionnaire, developed specifically for those facing a life-threatening illness. Participants were 344 advanced cancer patients (e.g. lung, breast, gastrointestinal, etc.) participating in two psychotherapy research trials. DESIGN Descriptive statistics characterised participants in regard to both demographic (age, gender, race, ethnicity, religiosity) and clinical characteristics (cancer type). Scale properties were assessed for internal consistency using Cronbach's coefficient alpha, item-total correlations, Principle Axis factor analysis, and its correlation to relevant psychological constructs. Nonlinear confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed for latent construct variance by gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Psychometric properties of the Hopelessness Assessment in Illness questionnaire. RESULTS Results indicated strong internal consistency and temporal stability of the HAI, with significant correlations between the HAI and several theoretically related psychological constructs. CFA suggested the same single underlying factor for males and females. CONCLUSIONS The HAI demonstrated strong psychometric properties in the context of advanced cancer. Future research is needed to assess the utility of the HAI in more medically and geographically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Hayley Pessin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Breitbart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Balsamo M, Carlucci L, Innamorati M, Lester D, Pompili M. Further Insights Into the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): Unidimensionality Among Psychiatric Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32848911 PMCID: PMC7411257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short versions of the Beck Hopelessness Scale have all been created according the Classical Test Theory, but the use and the application of this theory has been repeatedly criticized. In the current study, the Item Response Theory approach was employed to refine and shorten the BHS in order to build a reasonably coherent unidimensional scale whose items/symptoms can be treated as ordinal indicators of the theoretical concept of hopelessness, scaled along a single continuum. In a sample of 492 psychiatrically hospitalized, adult patients (51.2% females), predominantly with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type II, the BHS was submitted to Mokken Scale Analysis. A final set of the nine best-fitting items satisfied the assumptions of local independency, monotonicity, and invariance of the item ordering. Using the ROC curve method, the IRT-based 9-item BHS showed good discriminant validity in categorizing psychiatric inpatients with high/medium suicidal risk and patients with and without suicide attempts. With high sensitivity (>.90), this newly developed scale could be used as a valid screening tool for suicidal risk assessment in psychiatric inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università Europea di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - David Lester
- Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wolfe KL, Nakonezny PA, Owen VJ, Rial KV, Moorehead AP, Kennard BD, Emslie GJ. Hopelessness as a Predictor of Suicide Ideation in Depressed Male and Female Adolescent Youth. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:253-263. [PMID: 29267993 PMCID: PMC6013307 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined hopelessness as a predictor of suicide ideation in depressed youth after acute medication treatment. A total of 158 depressed adolescents were administered the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) as part of a larger battery at baseline and at weekly visits across 6 weeks of acute fluoxetine treatment. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) was administered at baseline and week 6. A negative binomial regression model via a generalized estimating equation analysis of repeated measures was used to estimate suicide ideation over the 6 weeks of acute treatment from baseline measure of hopelessness. Depression severity and gender were included as covariates in the model. The negative binomial analysis was also conducted separately for the sample of males and females (in a gender-stratified analysis). Mean CDRS-R total scores were 60.30 ± 8.93 at baseline and 34.65 ± 10.41 at week 6. Mean baseline and week 6 BHS scores were 9.57 ± 5.51 and 5.59 ± 5.38, respectively. Per the C-SSRS, 43.04% and 83.54% reported having no suicide ideation at baseline and at week 6, respectively. The analyses revealed that baseline hopelessness was positively related to suicide ideation over treatment (p = .0027), independent of changes in depression severity. This significant finding persisted only for females (p = .0024). These results indicate the importance of early identification of hopelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L. Wolfe
- Children's Health; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | | | - Victoria J. Owen
- Children's Health; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Katherine V. Rial
- Children's Health; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | | | - Beth D. Kennard
- Children's Health; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Graham J. Emslie
- Children's Health; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
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Daniel SS, Goldston DB, Erkanli A, Heilbron N, Franklin JC. Prospective Study of Major Loss Life Events and Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:436-449. [PMID: 27862201 PMCID: PMC6485934 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, naturalistic study examined the association between major loss life experiences, other psychiatric risk factors (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among adolescents followed through young adulthood for up to 14 years. Major loss life events were related to subsequent increases in STBs. Major loss life events were primarily related to increases in suicide ideation in the presence of lower levels of other risk factors. There was a bidirectional relationship between major losses and other risk factors. Implications for the association between loss experiences, other risk factors, and future STBs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Daniel
- Family and Community Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - David B. Goldston
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | | | - Nicole Heilbron
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
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Kocalevent RD, Finck C, Pérez-Trujillo M, Sautier L, Zill J, Hinz A. Standardization of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in the general population. J Ment Health 2016; 26:516-522. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1244717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Carolyn Finck
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, and
| | | | - Leon Sautier
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Jördis Zill
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Pajer KA, Edwards MC, Lourie AE, Fields S, Kalman S. Depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness in inner-city adolescent health clinic patients: factor structure and demographic correlates. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0009/ijamh-2016-0009.xml. [PMID: 27508952 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, hostility, and hopelessness are risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). People living in inner-city environments are particularly vulnerable. These associations may begin in adolescence, but research in this area is hampered by inadequate knowledge about how these negative psychological factors are related in teens and how they are affected by demographic characteristics. We hypothesized that depression, hostility, and hopelessness are one construct, and that this construct would be associated with race and gender in attendees at an inner-city adolescent health clinic. METHODS Two hundred and forty-six 15-18-year-old patients filled out instruments measuring depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine whether the negative psychological factors comprised a single construct or three separate ones. General linear modeling (GLM) was used to test the associations between demographic characteristics and the results of the factor analysis. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness were best characterized as three separate constructs, not one (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.041, 90% confidence interval (CI)=(0.035, 0.047), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.98). There were no significant relationships between demographic variables and depressive symptoms or hostility. Six percent of the variance in hopelessness scores was accounted for by gender, race, and the interaction between the two (F=3.76; p=0.006), with White males, reporting the highest levels of hopelessness. CONCLUSION In an urban adolescent health clinic population, depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness were best understood as three separate constructs. Hopelessness was significantly higher in White males. Implications for future clinical research on negative psychological factors in teens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Pajer
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Professor of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada, Phone: +1-613-737-7600 Ext. 2723, Fax: +1-613-737-2257
| | | | - Andrea E Lourie
- Denison University, Department of Psychology, Granville, OH, USA
| | - Sherecce Fields
- Texas A&M, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Savannah Kalman
- Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Bethany, OK, USA
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9
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King CA, Jiang Q, Czyz EK, Kerr DCR. Suicidal ideation of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents has one-year predictive validity for suicide attempts in girls only. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:467-77. [PMID: 23996157 PMCID: PMC5036445 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians commonly incorporate adolescents' self-reported suicidal ideation into formulations regarding adolescents' risk for suicide. Data are limited, however, regarding the extent to which adolescent boys' and girls' reports of suicidal ideation have clinically significant predictive validity in terms of subsequent suicidal behavior. This study examined psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent boys' and girls' self-reported suicidal ideation as a predictor of suicide attempts during the first year following hospitalization. A total of 354 adolescents (97 boys; 257 girls; ages 13-17 years) hospitalized for acute suicide risk were evaluated at the time of hospitalization as well as 3, 6, and 12 months later. Study measures included the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Youth Self-Report, and Personal Experiences Screen Questionnaire. The main study outcome was presence and number of suicide attempt(s) in the year after hospitalization, measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Results indicated a significant interaction between suicidal ideation, assessed during first week of hospitalization, and gender for the prediction of subsequent suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation was a significant predictor of subsequent suicide attempts for girls, but not boys. Baseline history of multiple suicide attempts was a significant predictor of subsequent suicide attempts across genders. Results support the importance of empirically validating suicide risk assessment strategies separately for adolescent boys and girls. Among adolescent boys who have been hospitalized due to acute suicide risk, low levels of self-reported suicidal ideation may not be indicative of low risk for suicidal behavior following hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A King
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Michigan Depression Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MN, USA,
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Kao YC, Liu YP, Lu CW. Beck Hopelessness Scale: exploring its dimensionality in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Q 2012; 83:241-55. [PMID: 22042384 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-011-9196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hopelessness is a pre-eminent risk factor for suicide and non-fatal self-harm. Although the Beck Hopelessness Scale is often used for schizophrenia, its factor structure has been given relatively little consideration in this context. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Taiwanese version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-T) in a chronic schizophrenia out-patient sample. One hundred and two (102) outpatients were evaluated using the translated Taiwanese version of the BHS (BHS-T), as well as several Beck-related symptom rating scales and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psycho-pathology. The patients were also evaluated for suicidal intent using the critical items of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and suicide attempts. The psychometric properties of the BHS-T were also evaluated, including construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergence, and discriminative validity. The BHS-T showed good overall reliability and stability over time. This translated scale comprised a two-factor solution corresponding negative expectation and loss of motivation dimensions. Differences in mean hopelessness scores between participants with and without suicidal intent were significant. The results also indicated that, among individuals with schizophrenia, "negative expectation in the future" is more closely linked to suicide intent than "loss of motivation for the future". The BHS-T is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the multi-dimensionality of hopelessness and may complement clinical suicidal risk assessments in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Songshan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 131, Jiankang RD, Songshan District, 10581, Taipei, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
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Nissim R, Flora DB, Cribbie RA, Zimmermann C, Gagliese L, Rodin G. Factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in individuals with advanced cancer. Psychooncology 2010; 19:255-63. [PMID: 19274620 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the Beck Hopelessness Scale is often used with the seriously ill, its factor structure has been given relatively little consideration in this context. METHODS The factor structure of this scale was examined in a sample of 406 ambulatory patients with advanced lung or gastrointestinal cancer, using a sequential exploratory-confirmatory factor analysis procedure. RESULTS A two-factor model was consistent with the data: The first factor reflected a negative outlook and was labeled 'negative expectations'; the second factor identified a sense of resignation and was labeled 'loss of motivation.' CONCLUSIONS Implications regarding scoring of the scale in this population are discussed, as are implications of the two-factor structure for our understanding of hopelessness in individuals with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Nissim
- Behavioural Sciences and Health Research Division, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Merchant C, Kramer A, Joe S, Venkataraman S, King CA. Predictors of multiple suicide attempts among suicidal black adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2009; 39:115-24. [PMID: 19527152 PMCID: PMC4643837 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2009.39.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathology, social support, and interpersonal orientation were studied in relation to suicide attempt status in acutely suicidal, psychiatrically hospitalized Black adolescents and a matched sample of White adolescents. In the total sample, multiple attempters were differentiated by lower perceived support. Within the Black youth subsample, social comparison and positive stimulation from others differentiated multiple attempters from single attempters/ideators. Only suicidal ideation predicted multiple attempts among White youth and only higher interpersonal orientation predicted multiple suicide attempts within Black adolescents.
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Further Evidence of the Reliability and Validity of the Multidimensional Anxiety. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-008-9095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
To ascertain (1) whether male and female adolescent (13-17 years old) psychiatric inpatients endorse comparable reasons for cutting themselves and (2) whether these reasons are correlated with selected psychosocial characteristics of the adolescents, self-reported depression, and hopelessness, the Self-Injury Motivation Scale II (SIMS-II), the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale were administered to 19 (38%) male and 31 (62%) female adolescents who had cut themselves. Independent t tests found that none of the SIMS-II subscale scores was differentiated by sex, but the Beck Depression Inventory-II total score was significantly correlated with the SIMS-II total, Affect Modulation, Desolation, and Punitive Duality subscale scores. The results are discussed as indicating that male and female adolescent inpatients endorse comparable reasons for cutting themselves and that self-reported depression is positively associated with the number and intensity of different motivations for cutting oneself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kumar
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stratford, New Jersey 08084-1391, USA
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Rosenfeld B, Gibson C, Kramer M, Breitbart W. Hopelessness and terminal illness: The construct of hopelessness in
patients with advanced AIDS. Palliat Support Care 2004; 2:43-53. [PMID: 16594234 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951504040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the construct of hopelessness in
the context of a life-threatening or terminal illness is a complex and
challenging undertaking. The objective of this study was to examine the
construct of hopelessness in patients with advanced AIDS by examining
the structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in this specific
population.Methods: For the past three decades, the primary measure
used to study hopelessness in a variety of populations has been the
Beck Hopelessness Scale. Several factor analytic studies have been
published using this scale, with studies of nonclinical samples
typically describing a two-factor model (optimism and pessimism),
whereas clinical samples have consistently generated a third factor
(lack of motivation to make changes). We used confirmatory factor
analysis to analyze two data sets in patients with AIDS.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck
Hopelessness Scale in two samples of patients with far advanced AIDS
revealed a clear superiority for a three-factor model.Significance of results: The Beck Hopelessness Scale has
unique characteristics when applied to a terminally ill population. The
implications of these results for studies of terminal illness are
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, New York 10485, USA.
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Winters NC, Myers K, Proud L. Ten-year review of rating scales. III: scales assessing suicidality, cognitive style, and self-esteem. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41:1150-81. [PMID: 12364838 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200210000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is the third article in a series of 10-year reviews of rating scales. Here, the authors review scales that are useful in tapping the affective disturbances experienced with various psychiatric disorders, including suicidality, cognitive style, and self-esteem. METHOD The authors sampled articles incorporating these constructs over the past 25 years and selected scales with established uses or new development. Those presented here have adequate psychometric properties and high utility for efficiently elucidating youths' functioning, plus either wide literature citations or a special niche. RESULTS These scales were developed bimodally. Many were developed in the 1980s when internalizing disorders were elucidated, but there has been a resurgence of interest in these constructs. Scales assessing suicidality have clear constructs, whereas scales of cognitive style demonstrate deficits in developmental relevance, and scales of self-esteem suffer from lax constructs. CONCLUSIONS The constructs underlying these scales tap core symptoms of internalizing disorders, mediate the expression of affective disturbances associated with various disorders, and depict the impairments resulting from these disorders. Overall, the psychometrics of these scales are adequate. These scales provide a broader representation of youths' functioning than that conveyed with diagnostic scales alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Winters
- Child and Adolecent Psychiaty Training at Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
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Ford JD, Ford LW, McNamara RT. Resistance and the background conversations of change. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2002. [DOI: 10.1108/09534810210422991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Velting DM. Personality and negative expectancies: Trait structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tanaka E, Sakamoto S, Ono Y, Fujihara S, Kitamura T. Hopelessness in a community population: factorial structure and psychosocial correlates. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1998; 138:581-90. [PMID: 9800522 DOI: 10.1080/00224549809600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The factorial structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; A. T. Beck, A. Weissman, D. Lester, & L. Trexler, 1974) was examined in a nonclinical sample (N = 154) in Japan, and the relationships between dimensions of hopelessness and psychosocial variables were analyzed. A semistructured interview was used, as well as a questionnaire consisting of the BHS, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; H. J. Eysenck & S. B. Eysenck, 1975), and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; G. Parker, H. Tupling, & L. B. Brown, 1979). A factor analysis with principal components solution after oblimin rotation yielded 2 factors--Doubt About a Hopeful Future (Factor 1) and Belief About a Hopeless Future (Factor 2). Significant, positive correlations were found between Factor 2 and (a) the number of emotional symptoms of depression in a 4-day depressive episode and (b) scores on the Neuroticism subscale of the EPQ. The Factor 1 score was significantly and negatively correlated with the Extraversion subscale of the EPQ and the Paternal Care subscale of the PBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tanaka
- Department of Sociocultural Environmental Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
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