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Kårhus LL, Thuesen BH, Skaaby T, Rumessen JJ, Linneberg A. The distribution of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes and their association with health indicators in a general Danish population. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:866-878. [PMID: 30023064 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618765506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 are important risk factors for some autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CD), but their possible role in other diseases and health conditions is not fully explored. Objectives The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 in an adult general population, and their association with health indicators (diseases, symptoms and biomarkers). Methods In this cross-sectional, population-based study, 2293 individuals were screened for HLA DQ2 and DQ8; CD-associated alleles (DQA*0201*03*05/DQB*02*0301/0304*0302/0305) and DQB1*02 homozygosity were determined for screen-positive participants. The National Patient Registry provided diagnosis information. Results A total of 47.7% (1093/2293) individuals were positive for DQ2 and/or DQ8: 31.2% (716/2293) only DQ2, 11.9% (273/2293) only DQ8, 4.1% (93/2293) both DQ2 and DQ8. Among nine individuals diagnosed with CD, 89.9% (8/9) had DQ2.5cis, 22.2% (2/9) DQ8 and 22.2% (2/9) DQ2.2 (two both DQ2 and DQ8). HLA DQ2.5 was associated with higher thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, while DQ2/DQ8-positive participants had significantly lower prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). DQ2/DQ8 were strongly associated with CD, but no other registry-based diagnoses. Conclusion In this general Danish population, 47.7% were HLA DQ2/DQ8 positive and thus potentially at risk for CD. All individuals with CD were DQ2/DQ8 positive; the majority DQ2.5. Surprisingly, DQ2/DQ8-positivity was associated with lower IBS prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lund Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jüri J Rumessen
- Q&D-Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Posey KL, Coustry F, Veerisetty AC, Liu P, Alcorn JL, Hecht JT. Chondrocyte-specific pathology during skeletal growth and therapeutics in a murine model of pseudoachondroplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1258-68. [PMID: 24194321 PMCID: PMC4075045 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition. Pain, a significant complication, has generally been attributed to joint abnormalities and erosion and early onset osteoarthritis. Previously, we found that the inflammatory-related transcripts were elevated in growth plate and articular cartilages, indicating that inflammation plays an important role in the chondrocyte disease pathology and may contribute to the overall pain sequelae. Here, we describe the effects of D469-delCOMP expression on the skeleton and growth plate chondrocytes with the aim to define a treatment window and thereby reduce pain. Consistent with the human PSACH phenotype, skeletal development of D469del-COMP mice was normal and similar to controls at birth. By postnatal day 7 (P7), the D469del-COMP skeleton, limbs, skull and snout were reduced and this reduction was progressive during postnatal growth, resulting in a short-limbed dwarfed mouse. Modulation of prenatal and postnatal expression of D469del-COMP showed minimal retention/cell death at P7 with some retention/cell death by P14, suggesting that earlier treatment intervention at the time of PSACH diagnosis may produce optimal results. Important and novel findings were an increase in inflammatory proteins generally starting at P21 and that exercise exacerbates inflammation. These observations suggest that pain in PSACH may be related to an intrinsic inflammatory process that can be treated symptomatically and is not related to early joint erosion. We also show that genetic ablation of CHOP dampens the inflammatory response observed in mice expressing D469del-COMP. Toward identifying potential treatments, drugs known to decrease cellular stress (lithium, phenylbutyric acid, and valproate) were assessed. Interestingly, all diminished the chondrocyte pathology but had untoward outcomes on mouse growth, development, and longevity. Collectively, these results define an early treatment window in which chondrocytes can be salvaged, thereby potentially increasing skeletal growth and decreasing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Asthma and allergy are common conditions with complex etiologies involving both genetic and environmental contributions. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses of GWAS have begun to shed light on both common and distinct pathways that contribute to asthma and allergic diseases. Associations with variation in genes encoding the epithelial cell-derived cytokines, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and the IL1RL1 gene encoding the IL-33 receptor, ST2, highlight the central roles for innate immune response pathways that promote the activation and differentiation of T-helper 2 cells in the pathogenesis of both asthma and allergic diseases. In contrast, variation at the 17q21 asthma locus, encoding the ORMDL3 and GSDML genes, is specifically associated with risk for childhood onset asthma. These and other genetic findings are providing a list of well-validated asthma and allergy susceptibility genes that are expanding our understanding of the common and unique biological pathways that are dysregulated in these related conditions. Ongoing studies will continue to broaden our understanding of asthma and allergy and unravel the mechanisms for the development of these complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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The era of genome-wide association studies: opportunities and challenges for asthma genetics. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:624-8. [PMID: 19816512 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the era of genome-wide association (GWA) studies, delineating pathogenic asthma genetic pathways has provided both challenges and opportunities. Initial GWA studies on asthma and asthma-like phenotypes provided some successes in terms of ascertaining new potential asthma candidate genes. However, due to asthma having a heterogeneous etiology, replications of these genotype-phenotype association studies are generally lacking. Furthermore, genes by environment interactions are generally not considered when GWA studies are conducted. Therefore, there is a need for extensive collaborations in multi-disciplinary research fields, including different environments and populations, to investigate the functional importance of variations in the human genome in relation to asthma pathogenesis.
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Genetic-environmental interactions in asthma and allergy: a study in a closed population exposed to different environments. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 102:233-7. [PMID: 19354070 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and allergy are common chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of different environments on the prevalence of both diseases in an isolated founder population that resettled in different geographic and environmental areas (namely, the genetically homogeneous population that immigrated to Israel from Cochin, India, 50 years ago). METHODS Respiratory and allergy symptoms were recorded by a questionnaire. The relative contribution of genetic factors on asthma and allergy was established by comparing Cochin with non-Cochin Jews living in the Jerusalem mountains; the relative contribution of the environment was determined by comparing mountain Cochin Jews with those living in the desert. The study was conducted from January to October 2004. RESULTS A total of 983 individuals (481 mountain Cochins, 353 desert Cochins, and 149 non-Cochins) were studied. The overall prevalence of asthma in Cochins was 23.7%; and of allergy, 29.5%. The rate of asthma and/or allergy in Cochins in the mountains was significantly higher than in control non-Cochins. The rates of both asthma and allergy among Cochin Jews in the mountains were significantly higher than those among Cochin Jews in the desert, the former because of a higher prevalence of allergic asthma. The rates of nonallergic asthma and allergy without asthma were similar in both environments. CONCLUSIONS Two different asthma and allergy phenotypes were detected that share a distinct genetic background but differ in the environmental influences. Allergic asthma is strongly determined by both genetic and environmental factors, whereas nonallergic asthma or atopy without asthma is determined mainly by genetic factors and is less influenced by environmental factors.
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Smith LL, Brent RL, Cohen SM, Doerrer NG, Goodman JI, Greim H, Holsapple MP, Lightfoot RM. Predicting Future Human and Environmental Health Challenges: The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Scientific Mapping Exercise. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 38:817-45. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440802486378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yildiz P, Oflaz H, Cine N, Genchallac H, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Yildiz A, Yilmaz V. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with asthma: the role of polymorphisms of ACE and endothelial NOS genes. J Asthma 2004; 41:159-66. [PMID: 15115168 DOI: 10.1081/jas-120026073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) genes have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Angiotensin II and NO have important roles in maintaining vascular tone. In this study, the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and ACE and eNOS gene polymorphisms was investigated in patients with asthma. METHODS This cross-sectional, controlled study was conducted at the Yedikule Chest Disease Hospital and Cardiology Center in a University Hospital. Forty-nine patients with asthma (18 male, 31 female; mean age: 33+/-12 years) and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (20 male, 29 female; mean age: 30+/-8 years) were included. Pulmonary function tests and flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery [endothelium dependent dilatation (EDD)] were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography. The ACE and eNOS genotypes were determined by PCR. RESULTS Asthma patients showed lower EDD (12+/-6% vs. 22+/-6%, p<0.001) as compared to controls. The EDD was correlated with both predicted value of FEV1 (r=0.31, p=0.04) and predicted value of FVC (r=0.37, p=0.013). Conversely, EDD values in patients with moderate asthma were significantly lower than those in patients with mild asthma (10.1+/-5.2% vs. 14.1+/-5.7%, p=0.017). However, the ACE and eNOS genotype distribution was not significantly different between controls and asthma groups. Furthermore, EDD was not associated with both gene polymorphism of ACE and eNOS. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma have decreased vasodilatatory response to shear stress (EDD). Decreased EDD is correlated with the severity of asthma, but not with the distribution of ACE and eNOS genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Yildiz
- Pulmonary Medicine, Yedikule Chest Disease and Chest Surgery Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Manolio TA, Barnes KC, Beaty TH, Levett PN, Naidu RP, Wilson AF. Sex differences in heritability of sensitization to Blomia tropicalis in asthma using regression of offspring on midparent (ROMP) methods. Hum Genet 2003; 113:437-46. [PMID: 12928863 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-1005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2003] [Accepted: 07/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A genetic basis for asthma- and atopy-related quantitative traits, such as allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, has been suggested by the observed familial aggregation of these traits in temperate climates. Less information is available for tropical climates, where different allergens may predominate. Sensitivity to the mite Blomia tropicalis is related to asthma in tropical climates, but heritability of B. tropicalis sensitivity and the impact of age, sex, and other environmental covariates on heritability have not been widely explored. Total and specific IgE levels were measured by immunochemiluminescent assay in 481 members of 29 Barbadian families (comprised of 340 parent-offspring trios or pairs) ascertained through two asthmatic siblings. Trait heritability was estimated using regression of offspring on mid-parent (ROMP) and pairwise correlation analysis of unadjusted IgE levels and on residual values after adjustment for covariates. Heritability of IgE levels to the major antigen of B. tropicalis (Blo t M) estimated by ROMP in 180 complete parent-offspring trios was 0.56. Heritability was consistently greater for male offspring than for female offspring. Similar sex-specific patterns were observed for specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and total IgE levels and were relatively unaffected by adjustment for covariates. Pairwise correlational analyses of specific and total IgE levels showed similar results. Moderate heritability of Blo t M IgE levels was detected in these Barbadian families and was greater for sons than daughters. Adjustment for covariates had minimal impact. This suggests that future investigations of genetic determinants of IgE levels should include approaches that allow for potential sex differences in their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri A Manolio
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung,and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Rm. 8160, Bethesda, MD 20892-7934, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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Chapoval SP, Marietta EV, Smart MK, David CS. Requirements for allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in CD4-deficient and CD4-sufficient HLA-DQ transgenic mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:764-71. [PMID: 11692102 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.118794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and molecules that mediate this process obviously represent targets for therapy. OBJECTIVE To study the role of CD4(+) T cells and/or HLA-DQ molecules in allergic asthma, we have generated and characterized models of short ragweed allergen (SRW)-induced inflammation using transgenic mice with HLA-DQ (DQ6 or DQ8), human CD4 (hCD4), or both on a genetic background that lacks mouse MHC II and CD4 (Abeta(0)/mCD4(0)). METHODS Mice were actively sensitized and later challenged intranasally with SRW allergenic extract. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid composition, airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, blood eosinophil levels, and cell proliferation were examined. RESULTS In response to SRW treatment, both DQ6 and DQ8 transgenic mice expressing hCD4 developed pulmonary eosinophilia and associated lung tissue damage with increase in eosinophil peroxidase and T(H)2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, strong airway hyperreactivity, and persistent blood eosinophilia. The response was independent of mast cells/histamine pathway and was mediated by DQ-restricted hCD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, lungs of CD4-deficient DQ6 transgenic mice showed an eosinophilic inflammation without local increase in cytokines and eosinophil peroxidase. The allergic reaction was absent in double-knockout mice and mice expressing either DQ8 or hCD4 alone. CONCLUSIONS DQ6 molecules are critical to SRW-induced allergy and can operate in the presence or absence of CD4. However, both DQ antigens and CD4 molecules are critical for full manifestation of allergen-induced asthma in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Chapoval
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disorder with variable phenotype, largely attributed to the interactions of the environment and multiple genes, each potentially having small effects. Numerous asthma and atopy loci have been reported in studies demonstrating associations and/or linkage of the asthma-associated phenotypes, atopy, elevated IgE levels, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to alleles of microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms within specific cytokine/chemokine and IgE regulating genes. Although the studies reporting these observations are compelling, most of them lack statistical power. This review compiles the evidence that supports linkage and associations to the various genetic loci and candidate genes. Whereas significant progress has been made in the field of asthma genetics in the past decade, the roles of the genes and genetic variations within the numerous candidate asthma genes that have been found to associate with the expression of the asthmatic phenotype remain to be determined.
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12
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Growth and development of the lung. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200104000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee YC, Cheon KT, Lee HB, Kim W, Rhee YK, Kim DS. Gene polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with asthma. Allergy 2000; 55:959-63. [PMID: 11030378 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide, including that produced by endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), may regulate vascular and airway tone in the lungs and may influence various aspects of airway homeostasis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed at high levels in the lungs and plays a role in the metabolism of angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P, all of which are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. An insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene has been shown to be associated with enzyme activity levels of ACE. To examine the possible involvement of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes as the genetic basis of bronchial asthma, we investigated whether there was any association between bronchial asthma and polymorphisms of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes. METHODS A total of 310 patients with bronchial asthma and 121 healthy subjects took part in this study. The ecNOS and ACE genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS 1) The distribution of one genotype (bb) of ecNOS was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control population. 2) The ACE genotype distribution was not significantly different between the control and the asthma groups. 3) In asthmatic patients, the ACE and ecNOS genotype distribution did not differ significantly among groups of patients with different severities of asthma. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that polymorphisms of the ecNOS gene, but not the ACE gene, may be associated with the development of asthma. However, the severity of asthma may not be influenced by polymorphisms of the ecNOS and ACE genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, South Korea
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