1
|
Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
2
|
Zhang Z, La S, Zhang G, Du H, Wu Z, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S. Diet supplementation of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on performance, energy balance, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of early lactation dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Souto RJ, Afonso JA, Mendonça CL, Dantas AFM, Cajueiro JF, Gonçalves DN, Olivera Filho EF, Soares PC. Biochemical, endocrine, and histopathological profile of liver and kidneys of sheep with pregnancy toxemia. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to characterize the biochemical, hormonal, and mineral profile, and histopathology of the liver and kidneys, related to the severity of natural cases of pregnancy toxemia (PT) in sheep. A total of 45 sheep with PT were analyzed at the “Clínica de Bovinos”, Campus Garanhuns-UFRPE. The animals were submitted to clinical examination, followed by the collection of blood and urine. A necropsy was performed on thirteen animals that died and a histopathological examination was performed on samples of liver and kidneys. Increased creatinine, urea, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, cortisol, chlorine, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and folic acid were found, whereas insulin, potassium, and total and ionizable calcium presented low values for the species. Total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium, magnesium, and vitamin B12 remained within the normal range. In the macroscopic analysis of the liver, it was possible to observe an increase in organ and border size, yellowish coloration and parenchyma that varied from firm to friable. Vacuolation of the hepatocytes and renal tubular cells was observed. Metabolic disorders in sheep associated with hepatic and renal lesions are more apparent in overweight animals. With the greater impairment in hepatic and renal function, the clinical prognosis of animals with a high body score should be considered reserved.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Wu X, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in post-weaned dairy calves. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 73:18-29. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1547028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - XiaoXu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Yuci, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected folic acid on rumen fermentation, degradability and excretion of urinary purine derivatives in growing steers. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 70:441-54. [PMID: 27666679 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1233677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary addition of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, enzyme activity and the relative quantity of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in growing beef steers. Eight rumen-cannulated Jinnan beef steers averaging 2.5 years of age and 419 ± 1.9 kg body weight were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four treatments comprised supplementation levels of 0 (Control), 70, 140 and 210 mg RPFA/kg dietary dry matter (DM). On DM basis, the ration consisted of 50% corn silage, 47% concentrate and 3% soybean oil. The DM intake (averaged 8.5 kg/d) was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake. The intake of DM, crude protein (CP) and net energy for growth was not affected by treatments. In contrast, increasing RPFA supplementation increased average daily gain and the concentration of total volatile fatty acid and reduced ruminal pH linearly. Furthermore, increasing RPFA supplementation enhanced the acetate to propionate ratio and reduced the ruminal ammonia N content linearly. The ruminal effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre from corn silage and CP from concentrate improved linearly and was highest for the highest supplementation levels. The activities of cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase linearly increased, but carboxymethyl-cellulase and protease were not affected by the addition of RPFA. The relative quantities of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes increased linearly. With increasing RPFA supplementation levels, the excretion of urinary purine derivatives was also increased linearly. The present results indicated that the supplementation of RPFA improved ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, activities of microbial enzymes and the relative quantity of the ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. According to the conditions of this experiment, the optimum supplementation level of RPFA was 140 mg/kg DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Le Ma
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- b Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County , Yuci , Shanxi Province , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, cellulolytic bacteria and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in growing beef steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Ragaller V, Lebzien P, Bigalke W, Südekum KH, Hüthera L, Flachowsky G. Effects of folic acid supplementation to rations differing in the concentrate to roughage ratio on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow at the duodenum, and on serum and milk variables of dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 64:484-503. [PMID: 21214021 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2010.520407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary folic acid (FOL) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, duodenal nutrient flow, serum and milk variables, and on B-vitamin concentration in serum. The study was divided into two experiments: in Exp. 1 the forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio of the diet (DM basis) was 34:66 (high concentrate, HC), while in Exp. 2 the F:C ratio was 66:34 (high forage, HF). In addition, the cows received 0 or 1 g FOL/d. In Exp. 1, two German Holstein cows equipped with cannulas in the dorsal sac of the rumen and in the proximal duodenum were dry and five were lactating (186 +/- 144 days in milk); in Exp. 2 four cows were dry and four were lactating (165 +/- 57 days in milk). In cows fed the HC diet, FOL supplementation decreased the ruminally-fermented organic matter. Thus, less energy was available for ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in a reduced microbial crude protein flow at the duodenum. Feeding the HF diet, FOL supplementation only increased the apparent ruminal digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF). With the HF diet, FOL had no influence on the serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, pyridoxic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide or nicotinic acid, whereas supplementing FOL to the HC diet lowered the serum glucose and riboflavin levels. In both experiments, the supplementation of FOL had no effects on milk composition. Folic acid supplementation to both diets increased the concentrations of serum 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate. However, no beneficial effects to dairy cows were obvious. Therefore, to achieve certain results, studies with a higher number of non-fistulated cows would be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ragaller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Girard CL, Benchaar C, Chiquette J, Desrochers A. Net flux of nutrients across the rumen wall of lactating dairy cows as influenced by dietary supplements of folic acid. J Dairy Sci 2010; 92:6116-22. [PMID: 19923614 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether a dietary supplementation of folic acid, at levels used in our previous studies, would affect ruminal fermentation and the net flux of nutrients across the rumen wall of lactating dairy cows. Approximately 4 wk after calving, 5 lactating multiparous cows were surgically equipped with a ruminal cannula, an ultrasonic flow probe around the right ruminal artery, and indwelling catheters in the right ruminal vein and the ileocolic artery. Cows were fed a total mixed ration served in 7 equal meals per d (i.e., every 3.4 h). The experimental design was an unbalanced crossover arrangement with 3 periods of 4 wk each. The vitamin supplement, incorporated in equal amounts into each meal, was supplied at 0, 3, or 6 mg of folic acid per kg of BW per d. During the last week of each experimental period, blood samples were taken simultaneously from the 2 catheters every 30 min and rumen fluid was collected every 60 min during 2 consecutive meal intervals. Dietary supplementation with folic acid had no effect on milk production (27.2 +/- 1.3 kg/d) or DMI (19.9 +/- 0.7 kg/d), but milk concentrations and yields of total solids, fat, and protein increased linearly with increasing doses of folic acid ingested. Concentrations of folates in rumen fluid and arterial plasma, averaged over time, increased linearly with the dose of folic acid ingested but the net flux of folates across the rumen wall was not different from zero. Concentrations of butyrate in ruminal fluid decreased quadratically with the daily supply in folic acid. Dietary supplements of folic acid had no effect on pH and osmolality of ruminal fluid, nor on ruminal concentrations of lactate, ammonia, acetate, or propionate, total VFA, or microbial counts. The uptake of urea-N by the rumen wall tended to increase quadratically with the dose ingested but net fluxes of other nutrients were not affected by treatments. These results suggest that the effects of folic acid supplements on lactational performance cannot be explained by effects on rumen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Girard
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et développement sur leBovin Laitier et le porc, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 1Z3, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Folic acid plays an essential role in DNA and methionine metabolism. Micro-organisms in the rumen can synthesise folates, but it has not been verified that these amounts are sufficient to achieve the best efficiency of dairy cows. However, the amount of folates synthesised in the rumen could possibly, to some extent, be affected by the forage:concentrate ratio. Degradation of orally supplemented folic acid in the rumen seems to be very high (about 97 %), as supplementation of folic acid hardly increases folate concentrations in the digesta at the duodenum. However, it must be considered that dietary supplements of folic acid higher than 0·5 mg/kg body weight increased serum folate concentrations in all available studies and milk folate concentrations in most studies. Additionally, milk production tended to be increased in some studies. Therefore, degradation of folic acid in the rumen may be overestimated as folates can be absorbed at the proximal duodenum. For future research it is necessary to consider the whole flow and the metabolic pathways of folates from the rumen to duodenum, blood, tissue, milk and transfer to calf to declare requirement values for cows. Consequently, the present review discusses current knowledge and emphasises areas for future research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moss AR, Givens D. The effect of supplementing grass silage with soya bean meal on digestibility, in sacco degradability, rumen fermentation and methane production in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Girard CL, Matte JJ. Dietary supplements of folic acid during lactation: effects on the performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:1412-9. [PMID: 9621245 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary supplements of folic acid administered from 4 wk prepartum to 305 d of lactation on lactational performance. Sixty-three Holstein cows were assigned to 22 blocks of 3 cows according to lactation number, milk production, and body weight (BW). Within each block, cows received 0, 2, or 4 mg of folic acid/kg of BW per d. Dietary supplements of folic acid increased serum and milk folates but affected milk production and composition of primiparous and multiparous cows differently. Supplementary folic acid had little effect on milk production and composition of primiparous cows, except that milk production decreased during the first 100 d of lactation. However, during a complete lactation (3 to 305 d after calving), supplementary folic acid was associated with increased milk production by multiparous cows (8284 +/- 560, 8548 +/- 380, and 8953 +/- 191 kg for cows fed diets supplemented with 0, 2, and 4 mg of folic acid/kg of BW per d, respectively). The percentage of ash in milk was decreased for cows fed the highest amount of dietary folic acid. During the first 100 d of lactation, supplementary folic acid was associated with a lower concentration of nonprotein nitrogen in the milk of multiparous cows. The present study confirms results obtained previously, suggesting that, although the supply of folates from an unsupplemented diet and the ruminal microflora is sufficient to avoid a deficiency in folic acid, supplementary folic acid may increase the milk production of cows in the second lactation or greater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Lennoxville, PQ, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moss AR, Givens D, Garnsworthy P. The effect of supplementing grass silage with barley on digestibility, in sacco degradability, rumen fermentation and methane production in sheep at two levels of intake. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00799-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|