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Luengo-Pérez LM, Fernández-Bueso M, Ambrojo A, Guijarro M, Ferreira AC, Pereira-da-Silva L, Moreira-Rosário A, Faria A, Calhau C, Daly A, MacDonald A, Rocha JC. Body Composition Evaluation and Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2023; 15:5133. [PMID: 38140392 PMCID: PMC10745907 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be at increased cardiovascular risk. This review provides an overview of clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, explores the connections between body composition (including fat mass and ectopic fat) and cardiovascular risk, and examines various methods for evaluating body composition. It particularly focuses on nutritional ultrasound, given its emerging availability and practical utility in clinical settings. Possible causes of increased cardiometabolic risk in PKU are also explored, including an increased intake of carbohydrates, chronic exposure to amino acids, and characteristics of microbiota. It is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in patients with PKU. We suggest systematic monitoring of body composition to develop nutritional management and hydration strategies to optimize performance within the limits of nutritional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Luengo-Pérez
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Extremadura, 06008 Badajoz, Spain
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Bueso
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Ambrojo
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Guijarro
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Peppmeier ZC, Howard JT, Knauer MT, Leonard SM. Estimating backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage from ultrasound images in swine. Animal 2023; 17:100969. [PMID: 37742501 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast, accurate, and reliable estimates of backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage in swine breeding stock are used to increase genetic improvement and farm profitability. The objective of this study was to develop an equation-based model for the estimation of swine backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage estimates obtained from longitudinal ultrasound images. Images were collected from purebred Duroc (n = 230), purebred Large White (n = 154), and commercial (n = 190) pigs born in January 2021 at three farms located in North Carolina. An Exapad ultrasound machine captured longitudinal images across the 10th to 13th ribs at 182 (±12.8 SD) days of pig age. The total number of images processed for Duroc, Large White, and commercial pigs was 1 385, 928, and 1 168 images, respectively. To establish a standard measurement for model comparison, trained personnel following standard company procedures using the BioSoft Toolbox (v4.0.1.2; Biotronics Inc., Ames, IA) obtained backfat and loin depth measurements from the images. Longissimus muscle intramuscular fat percentage was predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy at approximately 22 h postmortem. Backfat and loin depth estimation were conducted only for commercial pigs (n = 190) while intramuscular fat estimation was conducted on all pigs (n = 574). Average backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage were 14.6 (±2.6 SD) mm, 63.7 (±5.5 SD) mm, and 2.21 (±0.82 SD) %. Image analysis and estimation model development were conducted in MATLAB R2021a. Edge detection via the image gradient was applied to segment ultrasound images into backfat, loin, and rib regions. Segmented images were used to estimate backfat depth, loin depth, and loin intramuscular fat percentage. After image quality control and filtering, the image inclusion rate for each breed-trait combination ranged from 76 to 97%. All Duroc and commercial pigs and 97% of Large White pigs were represented by at least one image for trait estimation. Coefficient of determination of models for the estimation of backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage were 0.58, 0.57, and 0.56, respectively. Root mean square error of backfat depth, loin depth, and intramuscular fat estimation were 1.65 mm, 3.58 mm, and 0.54%, respectively. Results demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrasound image gradient and an equation-based approach to estimate swine backfat and loin depth, and intramuscular fat percentage. This equation-based approach to estimate carcass traits in live swine can enhance genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Peppmeier
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Polk Hall, Raleigh 27607, NC, USA
| | - J T Howard
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, 385 US-158, Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870, USA
| | - M T Knauer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Polk Hall, Raleigh 27607, NC, USA.
| | - S M Leonard
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Polk Hall, Raleigh 27607, NC, USA.
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Piponnier E, Ishikawa M, Kunimasa Y, Sano K, Jagot K, Boisseau N, Kurihara T, Martin V. Quantification of Extramyocellular Lipids and Intramuscular Fat from Muscle Echo Intensity in Lower Limb Muscles: A Comparison of Four Ultrasound Devices against Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115282. [PMID: 37300012 DOI: 10.3390/s23115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare different ultrasound devices with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify muscle lipid content from echo intensity (EI). Four different ultrasound devices were used to measure muscle EI and subcutaneous fat thickness in four lower-limb muscles. Intramuscular fat (IMF), intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) were measured using MRS. Linear regression was used to compare raw and subcutaneous fat thickness-corrected EI values to IMCL, EMCL and IMF. IMCL had a poor correlation with muscle EI (r = 0.17-0.32, NS), while EMCL (r = 0.41-0.84, p < 0.05-p < 0.001) and IMF (r = 0.49-0.84, p < 0.01-p < 0.001) had moderate to strong correlation with raw EI. All relationships were improved when considering the effect of subcutaneous fat thickness on muscle EI measurements. The slopes of the relationships were similar across devices, but there were some differences in the y-intercepts when raw EI values were used. These differences disappeared when subcutaneous fat thickness-corrected EI values were considered, allowing for the creation of generic prediction equations (r = 0.41-0.68, p < 0.001). These equations can be used to quantify IMF and EMCL within lower limb muscles from corrected-EI values in non-obese subjects, regardless of the ultrasound device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Piponnier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Heath and Sport Expertise (LAMHESS), UPR 6312, University Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
| | - Yoko Kunimasa
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kanae Sano
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan
| | - Kévin Jagot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
| | - Vincent Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
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Pinto DL, Selli A, Tulpan D, Andrietta LT, Garbossa PLM, Voort GV, Munro J, McMorris M, Alves AAC, Carvalheiro R, Poleti MD, Balieiro JCDC, Ventura RV. Image Feature Extraction via Local Binary Patterns for Marbling Score Classification in Beef Cattle Using Tree-based Algorithms. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Application of Ultrasound Images Texture Analysis for the Estimation of Intramuscular Fat Content in the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle of Beef Cattle after Slaughter: A Methodological Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041117. [PMID: 33924697 PMCID: PMC8069777 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fat content in the muscle mass (IMF) is one of the most important characteristics influencing the aroma, tenderness, and juiciness of the meat and therefore has high importance for both commercialization purposes and consumers. However, IMF determination currently relies on visual inspection, which is a subjective and inconsistent technique. The aim of the present study is the elaboration of a procedure capable of predicting IMF% in beef carcasses using ultrasound imaging texture analysis. Ultrasound images taken on meat samples were compared to meat composition measured by chemical extraction. Determination coefficient between the two techniques was R2 = 0.76, while Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%. The results therefore suggest that the described procedure is expected to determine IMF% in muscle with good accuracy. Ultrasound imaging could be applied in routine beef grading practices. This may help to solve the issues related to subjectivity and leave to the operator only imaging acquisition. Better consistency in beef products could enhance consumers’ satisfaction and commercial standardization programs. Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a major trait in the evaluation of beef meat, but its determination is subjective and inconsistent and still relies on visual inspection. This research objective was a method to predict IMF% from beef meat using ultrasound (US) imaging texture analysis. US images were performed on the longissimus thoracis muscle of 27 Charolaise heifers. Cuts from the 12th to 13th ribs were scanned. The lipid content of the muscle samples was determined with the petrol ether (Randall) extraction method. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to screen US texture parameters. IMF% measured by chemical extraction (IMFqa) was the dependent variable and the results of the texture analysis were the explanatory variables. The model highlighted seven parameters, as a predictive and a multiple regression equation was created. Prediction of IMF content (IMFpred) was then validated using IMFqa as ground truth. Determination coefficient between IMFqa and IMFpred was R2 = 0.76, while the ROC analysis showing a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%. Bland-Altman plot upper and lower limit were +1.34 and −1.42, respectively (±1.96 SD), with a mean of −0.04. The results from the present study therefore suggest that prediction of IMF content in muscle mass by US texture analysis is possible.
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Hongfang G, Khan R, Raza SHA, Nurgulsim K, Suhail SM, Rahman A, Ahmed I, Ijaz A, Ahmad I, Linsen Z. Transcriptional regulation of adipogenic marker genes for the improvement of intramuscular fat in Qinchuan beef cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:776-795. [PMID: 33151113 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1837847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The intramuscular fat content plays a crucial role in meat quality traits. Increasing the degree of adipogenesis in beef cattle leads to an increase in the content of intramuscular fat. Adipogenesis a complex biochemical process which is under firm genetic control. Over the last three decades, the Qinchuan beef cattle have been extensively studied for the improvement of meat production and quality traits. In this study, we reviewed the literature regarding adipogenesis and intramuscular fat deposition. Then, we summarized the research conducted on the transcriptional regulation of key adipogenic marker genes, and also reviewed the roles of adipogenic marker genes in adipogenesis of Qinchuan beef cattle. This review will elaborate our understanding regarding transcriptional regulation which is a vital physiological process regulated by a cascade of transcription factors (TFs), key target marker genes, and regulatory proteins. This synergistic action of TFs and target genes ensures the accurate and diverse transmission of the genetic information for the accomplishment of central physiological processes. This information will provide an insight into the transcriptional regulation of the adipogenic marker genes and its role in bovine adipogenesis for the breed improvement programs especially for the trait of intramuscular fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Hongfang
- Medical College of Xuchang University, Xuchang City, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kaster Nurgulsim
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Syed Muhammad Suhail
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ijaz
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zan Linsen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Fiore E, Fabbri G, Gallo L, Morgante M, Muraro M, Boso M, Gianesella M. Application of texture analysis of b-mode ultrasound images for the quantification and prediction of intramuscular fat in living beef cattle: A methodological study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:254-258. [PMID: 32438068 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) contributes significantly to the aroma and tenderness of the meat, therefore playing a key role in quality determination. Yet, IMF determination methods rely on visual inspection or on fat extraction from meat samples after animals' slaughter. The aim of this methodological study was the elaboration of a process capable of predicting IMF% using real-time ultrasound (RTU) images in live beef cattle. The longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of 26 Charolaise heifers was investigated. In vivo ultrasound images were taken and texture analysis was performed. One week after the animals' slaughter, the whole twelfth rib cut was collected, and IMF% was determined by extraction with petrol ether (Randall) method. Animals were divided in 3 groups depending on their mean lipid content percentage in 100 g meat (Group 1: IMF ≤ 4.24%; Group 2: 4.25% ≤ IMF ≤ 5.75%; Group 3: IMF ≥ 5.76%). Texture parameters were selected by a stepwise linear discriminant analysis using IMF% measured by chemical extraction (IMFqa) as the dependent variable, and the results of the texture analysis as explanatory variables. 6 variables were found predictive and molded into a multiple regression equation, this equation was then validated using IMFqa as ground truth. A high linear correlation between IMFqa and IMFpred was evident (r2 = 0.8504), ROC analysis perfomed on IMFpred comparing it to IMFqa showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 93.7%, while results from the Bland-Altman plot were ± 1.96 (±1.11SD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giorgia Fabbri
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Michele Muraro
- Veterinary Service of Consorzio Agrario del NORD-EST, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Matteo Boso
- Veterinary Service of Società Agricola Vio, Eraclea (VE), Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Burton AM, Stock MS. Consistency of novel ultrasound equations for estimating percent intramuscular fat. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018; 38:1062-1066. [PMID: 29888525 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echo intensity reflects both intramuscular adiposity and fibrous tissue content. Recently, equations that allow investigators to estimate the percentage of intramuscular fat for individual muscles via measurements of echo intensity and subcutaneous fat were created. However, as the trial-to-trial consistency of these values has not been reported in the literature, it is unclear if they can be used to track changes during physical activity and/or nutritional interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of rectus femoris percent intramuscular fat. METHODS Nineteen healthy adults (mean ± SD age = 22 ± 3 year; ten females, nine males) with a body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 participated. On three occasions, B-mode ultrasonography was used to acquire panoramic images of the dominant rectus femoris in the transverse plane. ImageJ software was used to quantify echo intensity, subcutaneous fat thickness and cross-sectional area. Rectus femoris percent intramuscular fat was estimated with sex-specific equations. RESULTS Uncorrected and corrected echo intensity, subcutaneous fat and cross-sectional area exhibited excellent consistency (P > 0·05, intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≥ .900, standard errors of measurement [SEMs] ≤ 7·26%). Percent intramuscular fat for all participants also demonstrated satisfactory reliability (ICC = 0·980, SEM = 3·07%), with similar findings for males (ICC = 0·970, SEM = 3·63%) and females (ICC = 0·968, SEM = 1·41%). DISCUSSION The high ICCs and low SEMs suggest that ultrasonography-derived rectus femoris percent fat may be a reliable tool for tracking changes in lower extremity intramuscular adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Burton
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matt S Stock
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Ahmed S, Singh D, Khattab S, Babineau J, Kumbhare D. The Effects of Diet on the Proportion of Intramuscular Fat in Human Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29516003 PMCID: PMC5826234 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing trend in the consumption of poor-quality diets worldwide, contributing to the increase of non-communicable diseases. Diet directly influences physiological composition and subsequently physical health. Studies have shown that dietary macronutrient and energy content can influence the proportion of intramuscular fat (IMF), which mediates various metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify evidence in the literature assessing the association between different dietary interventions on the proportion of IMF in humans. Methods Three medical databases were investigated (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane) to identify studies assessing changes in IMF after dietary interventions. The primary outcome measure was the change in IMF proportions after a dietary intervention. The effects of high-fat, high-carbohydrate, low-calorie, and starvation diets were assessed qualitatively. A meta-analysis assessing the effect of high-fat diets was conducted. Follow-up sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six articles were identified for review. Of these articles, 13 were eligible for inclusion after a full screening. High-fat diets increased IMF proportions, standardized mean difference = 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.43–2.05) and a significant overall effect size (P = 0.003). Diets with an increased proportion of carbohydrates decreased IMF proportions; however, increasing caloric intake with carbohydrates increased IMF. Starvation diets increased IMF stores, and hypocaloric diets did not result in any IMF proportion changes. Conclusion This systematic review suggests that high-fat diets and diets with caloric intake increased above the amount required to maintain BMI with carbohydrates, and short-term starvation diets are associated with increases in IMF content. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of macronutrient combinations on IMF and the influence of diet-induced IMF alterations on health outcomes. In addition, IMF poses a possibly effective clinical marker of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dhanveer Singh
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jessica Babineau
- Library and Information Services, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Novel ultrasound approach for measuring marbling in pork. Meat Sci 2017; 131:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiong Z, Sun DW, Pu H, Gao W, Dai Q. Applications of emerging imaging techniques for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:755-768. [PMID: 25975703 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.954282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With improvement in people's living standards, many people nowadays pay more attention to quality and safety of meat. However, traditional methods for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation, such as manual inspection, mechanical methods, and chemical methods, are tedious, time-consuming, and destructive, which cannot meet the requirements of modern meat industry. Therefore, seeking out rapid, non-destructive, and accurate inspection techniques is important for the meat industry. In recent years, a number of novel and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, tomographic imaging, thermal imaging, and odor imaging, have emerged and shown great potential in quality and safety assessment. In this paper, a detailed overview of advanced applications of these emerging imaging techniques for quality and safety assessment of different types of meat (pork, beef, lamb, chicken, and fish) is presented. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique are also summarized. Finally, future trends for these emerging imaging techniques are discussed, including integration of multiple imaging techniques, cost reduction, and developing powerful image-processing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Xiong
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China.,c Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology , Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenhong Gao
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiong Dai
- a School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou , China
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12
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Young HJ, Jenkins NT, Zhao Q, Mccully KK. Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:963-71. [PMID: 25787260 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound echo intensity (EI) with high-resolution T1 -weighted MRI and to establish calibration equations to estimate percent intramuscular fat from EI. METHODS Thirty-one participants underwent both ultrasound and MRI testing of 4 muscles: rectus femoris (RF); biceps femoris (BF); tibialis anterior (TA); and medial gastrocnemius (MG). RESULTS Strong correlations were found between MRI percent fat and muscle EI after correcting for subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.91 in RF, r = 0.80 in BF, r = 0.80 in TA, r = 0.76 in MG). Three types of calibration equations were established. CONCLUSIONS Muscle ultrasound is a practical and reproducible method that can be used as an imaging technique for examination of percent intramuscular fat. Future ultrasound studies are needed to establish equations for other muscle groups to enhance its use in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Young
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Physics and BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin K Mccully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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13
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Casa Almeida M, Serrano CS, Rejano JJ, Díaz JR, Lugo MB, Roldán JR. Reliability of texture analysis using co‐occurrence matrices (glcm) on photographic image in the assessment of cellulite in a Spanish population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:315-324. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Ríos Díaz
- ECOFISTEM Research Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Murcia Spain
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14
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Peña F, Molina A, Juárez M, Requena F, Avilés C, Santos R, Domenech V, Horcada A. Use of serial ultrasound measures in the study of growth- and breed-related changes of ultrasonic measurements and relationship with carcass measurements in lean cattle breeds. Meat Sci 2014; 96:247-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Widiyanto S, Cufí X, Rubio M, Muñoz I, Fulladosa E, Martí R. Automatic Intra Muscular Fat Analysis on Dry-Cured Ham Slices. PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Lakshmanan S, Koch T, Brand S, Männicke N, Wicke M, Mörlein D, Raum K. Prediction of the intramuscular fat content in loin muscle of pig carcasses by quantitative time-resolved ultrasound. Meat Sci 2012; 90:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Ultrasound velocity and attenuation of porcine soft tissues with respect to structure and composition: I. Muscle. Meat Sci 2010; 88:51-8. [PMID: 21196084 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound velocity and attenuation of soft tissues have been widely investigated. However, few studies completely covered considerable variations of both, structure and composition. The aim of this study was to collect acoustic reference data of porcine Longissimus muscle and associate them with compositional traits. In addition, measurements were conducted on fresh, formalin fixed, and frozen-thawed samples to evaluate the effect of processing on ultrasound parameters and comparisons with earlier investigations. Measurement conditions (temperature and fibre orientation) were realised close to hanging carcasses conditions. Sound velocity ranged from 1617 ± 6 to 1622 ± 5 ms(-1), while attenuation mostly ranged from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 1.2 ± 0.3 dB MHz(-1)cm(-1). Only formalin fixed samples showed significantly higher attenuation (2.2 ± 0.6 dB MHz(-1)cm(-1)). Highest correlations have been observed between intramuscular fat and attenuation (up to r = .7). The obtained results are anticipated to improve ultrasound based estimation of the intramuscular fat of pig muscle on intact carcasses.
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18
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Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers. Animal 2010; 4:303-19. [PMID: 22443885 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Aass L, Fristedt CG, Gresham J. Ultrasound prediction of intramuscular fat content in lean cattle. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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The use of various live animal measurements to predict carcass and meat quality in two divergent lamb breeds. Meat Sci 2008; 80:1138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Du CJ, Sun DW, Jackman P, Allen P. Development of a hybrid image processing algorithm for automatic evaluation of intramuscular fat content in beef M. longissimus dorsi. Meat Sci 2008; 80:1231-7. [PMID: 22063863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An automatic method for estimating the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) in beef M. longissimus dorsi (LD) was developed using a sequence of image processing algorithm. To extract IMF particles within the LD muscle from structural features of intermuscular fat surrounding the muscle, three steps of image processing algorithm were developed, i.e. bilateral filter for noise removal, kernel fuzzy c-means clustering (KFCM) for segmentation, and vector confidence connected and flood fill for IMF extraction. The technique of bilateral filtering was firstly applied to reduce the noise and enhance the contrast of the beef image. KFCM was then used to segment the filtered beef image into lean, fat, and background. The IMF was finally extracted from the original beef image by using the techniques of vector confidence connected and flood filling. The performance of the algorithm developed was verified by correlation analysis between the IMF characteristics and the percentage of chemically extractable IMF content (P<0.05). Five IMF features are very significantly correlated with the fat content (P<0.001), including count densities of middle (CDMiddle) and large (CDLarge) fat particles, area densities of middle and large fat particles, and total fat area per unit LD area. The highest coefficient is 0.852 for CDLarge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jin Du
- Biosystems Engineering, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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22
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Ribeiro FRB, Tedeschi LO, Stouffer JR, Carstens GE. Technical note: A novel technique to assess internal body fat of cattle by using real-time ultrasound1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:763-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Non-invasive detection of fatty liver in dairy cows by digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms. J DAIRY RES 2008; 75:84-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s002202990700297x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During early lactation, many dairy cows develop fatty liver, which is associated with decreased health and reproductive performance. Currently, fatty liver can be detected reliably only by using liver biopsy followed by chemical or histological analysis, which is not practical in most on-farm situations. We tested whether digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used to detect non-invasively fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content. A total of 49 liver biopsies and ultrasonograms were taken from 29 dairy cows within 2 weeks postpartum. The usefulness of 17 first- or second-order parameters from digital analysis of B-mode ultrasonograms were evaluated by discriminant, correlation, and regression analyses. A group of linear combinations of the 17 parameters correctly classified 40 of 49 samples into normal liver as well as mild, moderate and severe fatty liver when cut-off values were 1%, 5% and 10% and correctly classified 45 of 49 samples when cut-off values were 5% and 10% triacylglycerol of wet weight. A linear combination of 16 image parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of 38 of the 39 liver samples below the cut-off value of 10% within 2·5% of liver wet weight, and a linear combination of 3 parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of the 10 liver samples above the cut-off value of 10% within 2% of liver wet weight. Therefore, ultrasound imaging followed by digital analysis of sonograms has potential to non-invasively detect fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content.
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25
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Mörlein D, Rosner F, Brand S, Jenderka KV, Wicke M. Non-destructive estimation of the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle of pigs by means of spectral analysis of ultrasound echo signals. Meat Sci 2005; 69:187-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Recent developments in the applications of image processing techniques for food quality evaluation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Hassen A, Wilson DE, Rouse GH. Estimation of genetic parameters for ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat in Angus cattle using random regression models. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:35-45. [PMID: 12597370 DOI: 10.2527/2003.81135x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study included 3,358 observations of 675 bulls and heifers from the Iowa State University beef cattle breeding project. Data were collected over a 3-yr period between 1998 and 2000. Each year, cattle were scanned four to six times for ultrasound-predicted percentage of intramuscular fat (UPFAT) and other ultrasound traits, starting at a minimum age of 28 wk. The objective of the current study was to estimate variance components, heritability, and repeatability of UPFAT in young bulls and heifers. Data were subjected to random-regression animal models that included fixed effects of contemporary group, fixed Legendre polynomial of age at measurement, and random regression coefficients on Legendre polynomial of age at measurement for animals' direct genetic and direct permanent environmental effects. Phenotypic and genetic models involving different levels of polynomial fit for the animal component were considered. A model fitting a linear effect of Legendre polynomial of age at a measurement for animal direct genetic and direct permanent environmental effects and a homogeneous error variance described the present data adequately. Heritability of UPFAT ranged from 0.32 at 28 wk of age to a maximum of 0.53 at 63 wk. Repeatability of UPFAT increased from a minimum of 0.60 at ages of 28 to 39 wk to a maximum of 0.80 at ages 61 to 63 wk. Heritability and repeatability of yearling UPFAT were 0.50 and 0.71, respectively. With the exception of minor differences at earlier ages, fitting heterogeneous error variances did not have an effect on genetic parameter estimates for most ages of measurement. The present results showed an optimal heritability and repeatability of UPFAT measures around 52 wk and through at least 63 wk of age. This suggested that differences in UPFAT measures during this period also are good measures of differences in marbling genetic potential of Angus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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28
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Newcom DW, Baas TJ, Lampe JF. Prediction of intramuscular fat percentage in live swine using real-time ultrasound. J Anim Sci 2002; 80:3046-52. [PMID: 12542142 DOI: 10.2527/2002.80123046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purebred Durocs (n = 207) were used to develop a model to predict loin intramuscular fat percentage (PIMF) of the longissimus muscle in live pigs. A minimum of four longitudinal, real-time ultrasound images were collected 7 cm off-midline across the 10th to the 13th ribs on the live animal. A trained technician used texture analysis software to interpret the images and produce 10 image parameters. Backfat and loin muscle area were measured from a cross-sectional image at the 10th rib. After harvest, a slice from the 10th to the 11h rib loin interface was used to determine carcass loin intramuscular fat percentage (CIMF). The model to predict loin intramuscular fat percentage was developed using linear regression analysis with CIMF as the dependent variable. Initial independent variables were off-test weight, live animal ultrasonic 10th rib backfat and loin muscle area, and the 10 image parameters. Independent variables were removed individually until all variables remaining were significant (P < 0.05). The final prediction model included live animal ultrasound backfat and five image parameters. The multiple coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the prediction model were 0.32 and 1.02%, respectively. An independent data set of Duroc (n = 331) and Yorkshire (n = 288) pigs from two replications of the National Pork Board's Genetics of Lean Efficiency Project were used for model validation. Results showed the Duroc pigs provided the beat validation of the model. The product moment correlation and rank correlation coefficients between PIMF and CIMF were 0.60 and 0.56, respectively, in the Duroc population. Results show real-time ultrasound image analysis can be used to predict intramuscular fat percentage in live swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Newcom
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 60011, USA
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29
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Sapp RL, Bertrand JK, Pringle TD, Wilson DE. Effects of selection for ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage in Angus bulls on carcass traits of progeny1,2. J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/ansci/80.8.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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