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Carroll A, Buse K, Stypinski J, Jenkins C, Kononoff P. Examining feed preference of different pellet formulations for application to automated milking systems. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:191-195. [PMID: 37360119 PMCID: PMC10285216 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Feed is often offered to a cow in the milking unit of an automated milking system. This offering provides nutrients but also acts as a reward to the cow for entering the unit. To complement the partial total mixed ration and to enable handling, flow, and delivery within this mechanized system, this offering is usually a mix of feeds that are combined and manufactured into a feed pellet. The objective of this experiment was to compare 4 different pelleting formulation strategies and measure the effects of feed preference in lactating Jersey cattle. To test the objective, a taste preference experiment was conducted with 8 multiparous lactating Jersey cattle (289 ± 25.3 d in milk, 26.0 ± 2.45 kg of milk yield, 19.36 ± 1.29 kg of dry matter intake). Four formulation strategies were tested including (1) a pellet containing feeds commonly included in the concentrate mixture of a total mixed ration, including 43.1% corn grain, 26.3% dried distillers grains, 3.18% soybean meal, and 5.6% vitamin and mineral premix (CMIX), (2) a pellet of dry corn gluten feed (CGF), (3) a pellet including feedstuffs that are considered to be highly palatable (53.2% wheat middling, 15.7% dried corn distillers grains and solubles, 15.2% cane molasses, and 1.81% oregano (FLVR), and (4) a high-energy pellet (ENG) consisting of 61% corn grain and 26.2% wheat middlings. Cows were offered 0.50 kg of each in a randomized arrangement within the feed bunk for 1 h or until the feed was fully consumed. According to the procedure, cows were offered all 4 treatments for the first 4 d, then the most preferred feed for each cow was removed, and the remaining 3 feeds were offered for 3 d. The process was repeated for the last 2 d. Feed preference was ranked from 1 to 4 with 1 being the most preferred and 4 the least. The resulting preference ranking was CGF (1.25 ± 0.463), FLVR (2.5 ± 0.926), CMIX (2.88 ± 0.835), and ENG (3.13 ± 0.991). These results were subsequently examined utilizing the Plackett-Luce analysis to examine the probability animals would choose a given pellet first based on the current data set. The analysis determined probabilities of first choice as 78.6 ± 0.601% CGF, 9.38 ± 0.438% FLVR, 4.94 ± 0.453% ENG, and 7.11 ± 0.439% CMIX. A Z-test was also conducted to determine if the percentage a treatment will be chosen first differed from the mean value of no preference at 25%. Corn gluten feed and ENG differed from the mean value while no difference was observed for FLVR and CMIX. Results suggest that animals exhibit a high degree of preference for CGF pellets and that this preference is greater than pellets containing other feed ingredients. Alternatively, cows appeared to exhibit the lowest preference for a high-energy pellet containing mostly corn and wheat middlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L. Carroll
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503
| | - K.K. Buse
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503
| | - J.D. Stypinski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503
| | - C.J.R. Jenkins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503
- Standard Dairy Consultants, Omaha, NE 68144
| | - P.J. Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503
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Arteaga-Wences Y, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos-Rincón FG, Castro-Pérez B, Mendoza-Cortéz D, Manriquez-Núñez O, Barreras A, Corona-Gochi L, Zinn R, Perea-Domínguez X, Plascencia A. The effects of feeding a standardized mixture of essential oils vs monensin on growth performance, dietary energy and carcass characteristics of lambs fed a high-energy finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rickard JW, Allee GL, Rincker PJ, Gruber SL, Puls CL, Carr SN. Effect of narasin (Skycis) or zinc bacitracin (Albac) inclusion on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs sent for slaughter using a 3-phase marketing strategy. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:518-525. [PMID: 32704675 PMCID: PMC7204985 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of narasin or zinc bacitracin on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs sent for slaughter using a 3-phase marketing strategy. The study used 2,219 crossbred pigs in a randomized complete block design (blocking factor = start date) with 3 dietary treatments: 1) Control (no feed additive), 2) 15 mg/kg narasin (Skycis, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), and 3) 28 mg/kg zinc bacitracin (Albac, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ). Pigs were housed in single-sex pens of 25 pigs in a commercial wean-to-finish facility and there were 30 pen-replicates of each dietary treatment. All pigs were weighed as a group (i.e., pen) on d 0 (start of experimental feeding period), 77, 91, and 105 (end) of study. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study period; all feed additions to the feeder were recorded. Pigs were sent for slaughter according to the following marketing strategy: 1) after 77 d on study, the heaviest 20% of each pen was sent for slaughter (Phase 1), 2) after 91 d on study, the next heaviest 48% of each pen were sent for slaughter (Phase 2), and 3) after 105 d on study, the remaining 32% of each pen was sent for slaughter (Phase 3). Pigs within each pen were selected for slaughter by visual appraisal of weight and shipped to a commercial slaughter facility where standard carcass measurements (HCW, LM depth, and backfat depth) were measured. Feeding narasin increased (P < 0.05) final live BW (1.3 kg) and overall ADG (1.1%) compared to the other treatments, which were similar (P > 0.05). Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) overall G:F. Feeding narasin increased (P < 0.05) HCW (1.4 kg) and carcass yield (0.3% units) compared to the other dietary treatments, which were similar (P > 0.05) for these traits. Overall, these results demonstrate that narasin-fed pigs had improved overall growth rate, HCW, and carcass yield compared to controls or pigs fed zinc bacitracin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rickard
- Department of Agriculture, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | | | | | - S L Gruber
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140
| | - C L Puls
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140
| | - S N Carr
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140
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Chapman CE, Chester-Jones H, Ziegler D, Clapper JA, Erickson PS. Effects of cinnamaldehyde or monensin on performance of weaned Holstein dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1712-1719. [PMID: 28041730 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this 70-d study was to determine the effects of the essential oil cinnamaldehyde compared with the ionophore monensin on performance of weaned Holstein dairy heifers. Eighty-four Holstein dairy heifers (91 ± 3.33 d of age; 109 ± 7.55 kg) were housed in a naturally ventilated curtain sidewall, straw-bedded barn in 12 pens with 7 heifers/pen (3.98 m2/head). Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely randomized design: (1) control (CON; carrier, 908 g of ground corn), (2) monensin sodium [MON; 1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) + carrier], (3) cinnamaldehyde (CIN1; 1 mg/kg of BW + carrier), or (4) cinnamaldehyde (CIN2; 2 mg/kg of BW + carrier). The treatments were hand-mixed into a 20% crude protein (CP) whole shelled corn and protein pellet mix fed at 2.21 kg/heifer daily. Heifers had access to free-choice hay and water daily. Initial BW and hip heights were taken at the start of the study and every other week thereafter until calves reached 23 wk of age. Blood samples were also taken on each weigh day to determine plasma urea nitrogen, glucose, and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations. Fecal samples were taken from the same 3 heifers/pen initially and then at d 28, 56, and 70 of the study for coccidia counts. Cinnamaldehyde had no performance effects on growth, hay intake, hip height, or blood metabolites compared with MON or CON. Average daily gains were 0.98, 0.99, 1.01, and 1.03 kg/d, and average hay intakes per pen were 17.08, 16.34, 18.11, and 17.60 kg/d for CON, MON, CIN1, and CIN2, respectively. Fecal samples by pens indicated the presence of viable coccidia, but the counts were low and not consistent across heifers within each pen. No benefits were associated with supplementing cinnamaldehyde or monensin into grain mixes for weaned heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - H Chester-Jones
- University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca 56093
| | - D Ziegler
- University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca 56093
| | - J A Clapper
- South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - P S Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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Sartori ED, Canellas LC, Pereira GR, Moojen FG, Carvalho HR, Barcellos JOJ. Performance of beef heifers supplemented with sodium lasalocid. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:273-279. [PMID: 27957652 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted on 78 13-month-old crossbred beef heifers that weighed 215 kg in Southern Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. We evaluated the performance of beef heifers that were reared in a pasture system that received a mineral supplement energy-type protein with added sodium lasalocid (LAS). The heifers were randomly and uniformly divided into 2 groups, with 39 animals in each group. One group of animals received a mineral supplement energy-type protein without sodium lasalocid (CON), and the other group received a mineral supplement energy-type protein with added LAS. The mean feed intake, the body weight (BW), the average daily gain (ADG), the body condition score (BCS), and ovarian cyclicity were recorded, and economic parameters were calculated. No differences in supplement intake were observed between the groups, which ensures adequate intake of the other components of the mineral mixture, which are part of the nutritional requirements for the production process. Similarly, no difference in the ADG was observed between treatments. We observed that the heifers in the LAS group had a higher BW gain (51 kg) that the CON heifers (40 kg; P < 0.05). In addition, LAS-supplemented heifers had a higher BCS (3.53) than CON heifers (3.38) at the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). The heifers supplemented with LAS had a higher profitability than the CON heifers, even with the higher cost of the supplement containing LAS; this effect was due to the higher live BW at the end of the study. We concluded that the administration of a mineral supplement energy-type protein with added LAS has beneficial effects on beef heifers in terms of production and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Dezordi Sartori
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Canali Canellas
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribas Pereira
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness - CEPAN. Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gomes Moojen
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Robatini Carvalho
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Animal Science, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness - CEPAN. Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção de Bovinos de Corte e Cadeia Produtiva - NESPRO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Federal Univesity of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Ave. Bento Gonçalves, n.: 7.712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Chapman C, Cabral R, Aragona K, Erickson P. Short communication: Cinnamaldehyde taste preferences of weaned dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3607-3611. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barreras A, Castro-Pérez BI, López-Soto MA, Torrentera NG, Montaño MF, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos FG, Dávila-Ramos H, Plascencia A, Zinn RA. Influence of Ionophore Supplementation on Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics in Finishing Cattle during Period of Heat Stress. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:1553-61. [PMID: 25049741 PMCID: PMC4093809 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight crossbred heifers (378.1±18 kg) were used in a 56-d feeding trial (four pens per treatment in a randomised complete block design) to evaluate the influence of ionophore supplementation on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (2.22 Mcal NEm/kg) with and without an ionophore. Treatments were: i) control, no ionophore; ii) 30 mg/kg monensin sodium (RUM30); iii) 20 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV20), and iv) 30 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV30). Both dry matter intake (DMI) and climatic variables were measured daily and the temperature humidity index (THI) was estimated. The maximum THI during the study averaged 93, while the minimum was 70 (THI average = 79.2±2.3). Compared to controls, monensin supplementation did not influence average daily gain, the estimated NE value of the diet, or observed-to-expected DMI, but tended (p = 0.07) to increase (4.8%) gain to feed. Compared to controls, the group fed BOV30 increased (p≤0.03) daily gain (11.8%), gain to feed (8.3%), net energy of the diet (5%), and observed-to-expected DMI (5.2%). Daily weight gain was greater (7.6%, p = 0.05) for heifers fed BOV30 than for heifers fed MON30. Otherwise, differences between the two treatments in DMI, gain to feed, and dietary NE were not statistically significant (p>0.11). Plotting weekly intakes versus THI, observed intake of controls was greater (p<0.05) at THI values ≤77 than ionophore groups. When THI values were greater than 79, DMI of control and MON30 were not different (p = 0.42), although less than that of groups fed lasalocid (p = 0.04). Variation in energy intake was lower (p>0.05) in the ionophores group (CV = 1.7%) than in the control group (CV = 4.5%). Inclusion of ionophores in the diet resulted in relatively minor changes in carcass characteristics. It is concluded that ionophore supplementation did not exacerbate the decline of DM intake in heat-stressed cattle fed a high-energy finishing diet; on the contrary, it stabilised feed intake and favoured feed efficiency. Ionophore supplementation reduced estimated maintenance coefficients around 10% in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. This effect was greatest for heifers supplemented with 30 mg lasalocid/kg of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | | | - M. A. López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | - N. G. Torrentera
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | - M. F. Montaño
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | | | | | | | - A. Plascencia
- Corresponding Author: Alejandro Plascencia. Tel: +52-686-5636906 (111), Fax: +52-686-5636907, E-mail:
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Cabral R, Erickson P, Guindon N, Kent E, Chapman C, Aragona K, Cabral M, Massa E, Antaya N, Muir C, O’Donnell B, Branine M. Effects of lasalocid and intermittent feeding of chlortetracycline on the growth of prepubertal dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4578-85. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Erickson PS, Marston SP, Gemmel M, Deming J, Cabral RG, Murphy MR, Marden JI. Short communication: Kelp taste preferences by dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:856-8. [PMID: 22281349 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Kelp is a common feed additive used on many dairy farms in the United States. However, few data are available supporting the efficacy of its addition to cattle feed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the taste preferences of calves provided with 0, 30, or 60 g of kelp daily in a sequential elimination experiment. Calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first when given a choice and consumed 34.5% more dry matter from the control treatment in the first 3-d segment of the experiment. During the second feeding segment (d 4 and 5), when the control treatment was removed, daily dry matter consumption was reduced in 4 out of 6 calves compared with control calves when this treatment was available (first feeding segment). However, calves did not differentiate between the 2 amounts of kelp. Results indicated that calves preferred calf starter grains without kelp.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.
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Bretschneider G, Elizalde J, Pérez F. The effect of feeding antibiotic growth promoters on the performance of beef cattle consuming forage-based diets: A review. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Castillo C, Hernández J, Méndez J, García-Partida P, Pereira V, Vázquez P, Alonso ML, Benedito JL. Effects of monensin and yeast supplementation on blood acid-base balance in finishing feedlot steers fed a high-grain, high-protein diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/asc200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two dietary supplements (monensin and a live yeast culture) on acid-base balance in steers maintained in a commercial feedlot system, considering effects over the finishing productive cycle. Steers (no. =42) were allotted randomly to one of the three study groups: (1) control group (no supplementation, C), (2) monensin supplementation (MON), and (3) live Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 47 supplementation (SACC). Venous blood samples were collected for the measurement of acid-base parameters and l-lactate. Production parameters were also used as a complementary tool for understanding the internal changes associated with supplementation. During the finishing period, MON steers tended to gain more efficiently than C and SACC steers. In the C group, the finishing-period diet caused a progressive decline in blood bases, in line with the high-grain diet consumption. In contrast, supplemented animals did not show this trend, although lower HCO3− and base excess values were registered in SACC steers than in MON, indicating that ionophore supplementation is less effective for reducing blood base consumption than yeast supplementation. In our study, the lack of the expected response to yeast supplementation may be attributable to the high crude protein content of the ration, a common feature of commercial feedlot industries.
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