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Poklukar K, Mestre C, Škrlep M, Čandek-Potokar M, Ovilo C, Fontanesi L, Riquet J, Bovo S, Schiavo G, Ribani A, Muñoz M, Gallo M, Bozzi R, Charneca R, Quintanilla R, Kušec G, Mercat MJ, Zimmer C, Razmaite V, Araujo JP, Radović Č, Savić R, Karolyi D, Servin B. A meta-analysis of genetic and phenotypic diversity of European local pig breeds reveals genomic regions associated with breed differentiation for production traits. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:88. [PMID: 38062367 PMCID: PMC10704730 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense selection of modern pig breeds has resulted in genetic improvement of production traits while the performance of local pig breeds has remained lower. As local pig breeds have been bred in extensive systems, they have adapted to specific environmental conditions, resulting in a rich genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This study is based on European local pig breeds that have been genetically characterized using DNA-pool sequencing data and phenotypically characterized using breed level phenotypes related to stature, fatness, growth, and reproductive performance traits. These data were analyzed using a dedicated approach to detect signatures of selection linked to phenotypic traits in order to uncover potential candidate genes that may underlie adaptation to specific environments. RESULTS Analysis of the genetic data of European pig breeds revealed four main axes of genetic variation represented by the Iberian and three modern breeds (i.e. Large White, Landrace, and Duroc). In addition, breeds clustered according to their geographical origin, for example French Gascon and Basque breeds, Italian Apulo Calabrese and Casertana breeds, Spanish Iberian, and Portuguese Alentejano breeds. Principal component analysis of the phenotypic data distinguished the larger and leaner breeds with better growth potential and reproductive performance from the smaller and fatter breeds with low growth and reproductive efficiency. Linking the signatures of selection with phenotype identified 16 significant genomic regions associated with stature, 24 with fatness, 2 with growth, and 192 with reproduction. Among them, several regions contained candidate genes with possible biological effects on stature, fatness, growth, and reproductive performance traits. For example, strong associations were found for stature in two regions containing, respectively, the ANXA4 and ANTXR1 genes, for fatness in a region containing the DNMT3A and POMC genes and for reproductive performance in a region containing the HSD17B7 gene. CONCLUSIONS In this study on European local pig breeds, we used a dedicated approach for detecting signatures of selection that were supported by phenotypic data at the breed level to identify potential candidate genes that may have adapted to different living environments and production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klavdija Poklukar
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Camille Mestre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Škrlep
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Cristina Ovilo
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Crta. de la Coruña Km. 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juliette Riquet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Samuele Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anisa Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Muñoz
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Crta. de la Coruña Km. 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Gallo
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini (ANAS), Via Nizza 53, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Ricardo Bozzi
- DAGRI-Animal Science Section, Università Di Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Rui Charneca
- MED- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Programa de Genética y Mejora Animal, IRTA, Torre Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goran Kušec
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marie-José Mercat
- IFIP Institut du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35651, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- Bauerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall, Haller Str. 20, 74549, Wolpertshausen, Germany
| | - Violeta Razmaite
- Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 82317, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Jose P Araujo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Agrária, Refóios do Lima, 4990-706, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Čedomir Radović
- Department of Pig Breeding and Genetics, Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Radomir Savić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Danijel Karolyi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska c. 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bertrand Servin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Liu X, Li H, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang L. The Effect of Sow Maternal Behavior on the Growth of Piglets and a Genome-Wide Association Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3753. [PMID: 38136791 PMCID: PMC10740555 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sows' maternal behavior is important for improving piglet survival and growth; thus, breeding for good mothering sows is necessary for pig production. However, there is little research on the genetic mechanism of maternal behavior. In this study, a comparative analysis of piglets' growth traits between good and bad maternal behavior groups and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to elucidate the impact of sows' maternal behavior on piglet growth and identify candidate genes and markers of sow's maternal behaviors. Comparing the growth traits of piglets between good and bad sows' maternal behavior groups, the results showed that the growth traits of piglets from sows with good maternal behavior were better than those from sows with bad maternal behavior and especially for the multiparous sows group, this comparative difference was significant. For the intensive study of the genetic mechanisms of sows' maternal behavior, a total of 452 sows were genotyped using the Illumina Porcine 50K SNP Chip, and 4 traits, including biting piglets (BP), crushing piglets (CP), trampling piglets (TP) and screaming test (ST), were examined. Using a GWAS, 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with these traits. Within 1 Mb upstream and downstream of the significant SNPs screened, 138 genes were obtained. After pathway enrichment and gene annotation, HIP1, FZD9 and HTR7 were identified as important candidate genes affecting sows' maternal behaviors. These findings preliminarily elucidate the genetic basis of sows' maternal behavior traits and provide candidate genes and markers for molecular breeding in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (H.L.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
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3
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Kadirvel G, Devi YS, Naskar S, Bujarbaruah KM, Khargariah G, Banik S, Singh NS, Gonmei C. Performance of crossbred pigs with indigenous and Hampshire inheritance under a smallholder production system in the Eastern Himalayan hill region. Front Genet 2023; 14:1042554. [PMID: 37077540 PMCID: PMC10106676 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1042554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig productivity is very low in the Eastern Himalayan hill region due to the poor performance of local pigs. To improve pig productivity, it was decided to develop a crossbred pig of Niang Megha indigenous and Hampshire as an exotic germplasm. The performance of crossbred pigs with different levels of Hampshire and indigenous inheritance—H-50 × NM-50 (HN-50), H-75 × NM-25 (HN-75), and H-87.5 × NM-12.5 (HN-87.5)—was compared for their performance to find a suitable level of genetic inheritance. Among the crossbreds, HN-75 performed better in terms of production, reproduction performance, and adaptability. Inter se mating and selection were carried out on six generations of HN-75 pigs, and genetic gain and trait stability were evaluated and released as a crossbred. These crossbred pigs attained body weights of 77.5–90.7 kg by 10 months of age, with FCR of 4.3:1. Age at puberty was 276.66 ± 2.25 days, and average birth weight was 0.92 ± 0.06 kg. Litter size at birth and weaning were 9.12 ± 0.55 and 8.52 ± 0.81. These pigs have good mothering abilities with a weaning percentage of 89.32 ± 2.52%, good carcass quality, and consumer preference. The lifetime productivity for an average of six farrowings/sow showed a total litter size at birth of 51.83 ± 1.61 and total litter size at weaning of 47.17 ± 2.69. In a smallholder production system, the crossbred pigs showed a better growth rate and a higher litter size at birth and at weaning than average local pigs. Hence, the popularization of this crossbreed would enhance the production, productivity, livelihood, and income of the regionʼs farmers.
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4
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Vande Pol KD, Bautista RO, Harper H, Shull CM, Brown CB, Ellis M. Effect of within-litter birth weight variation after cross-fostering on piglet preweaning growth and mortality. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab039. [PMID: 34723136 PMCID: PMC8552483 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-fostering is commonly used in commercial swine production to equalize litter sizes and/or adjust piglet birth weights within litters. However, there is limited published information on optimum cross-fostering procedures. This study evaluated the effects of within-litter birth weight variation after cross-fostering (using litters of 14 piglets) on piglet preweaning mortality (PWM) and weaning weight (WW). An RCBD was used (blocking factors were day of farrowing and sow parity, body condition score, and functional teat number) with an incomplete factorial arrangement of the following two treatments: 1) birth weight category (BWC): light (<1.0 kg), medium (1.0 to 1.5 kg), or heavy (1.5 to 2.0 kg); 2) litter composition: uniform, all piglets in the litter of the same BWC [uniform light (14 light piglets); uniform medium (14 medium piglets); uniform heavy (14 heavy piglets)]; mixed, piglets in the litter of two or more BWC [L+M (seven light and seven medium piglets); M+H (seven medium and seven heavy piglets); L+M+H (three light, six medium, and five heavy piglets)]. Piglets were weighed at 24 h after birth and randomly allotted to litter composition treatment from within BWC; all piglets were cross-fostered. There were 47 blocks of six litters (total 282 litters and 3,948 piglets). Weaning weights were collected at 18.7 ± 0.64 d of age; all PWM was recorded. Individual piglet WW and PWM data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, respectively; models included fixed effects of BWC, litter composition, and the interaction, and random effects of sow within the block. There was litter composition by BWC interactions (P ≤ 0.05) for WW and PWM. Within each BWC, WW generally increased and PWM generally decreased as littermate weight decreased. For example, WW was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for light piglets in uniform light litters, for medium piglets in L+M litters, and for heavy piglets in L+M+H litters. Preweaning mortality was lowest (P ≤ 0.05) for medium piglets in L+M litters, and for heavy piglets in L+M+H litters; however, litter composition had no effect (P > 0.05) on PWM of light piglets. In conclusion, increasing the average birth weight of littermates after cross-fostering generally decreased WW and increased PWM for piglets of all birth weight categories. This implies that the optimum approach to cross-fostering that maximizes piglet preweaning growth and survival is likely to vary depending on the birth weight distribution of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Vande Pol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rafael O Bautista
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Heath Harper
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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5
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Fazarinc G, Vrecl M, Poklukar K, Škrlep M, Batorek-Lukač N, Brankovič J, Tomažin U, Čandek-Potokar M. Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Some Energy Metabolism-Related Genes in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Krškopolje Pigs: Effect of the Production System. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:533936. [PMID: 33062658 PMCID: PMC7530236 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.533936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Slovenian Krškopolje pig is the only preserved local autochthonous breed, appreciated mainly for its good meat quality and considered more appropriate for processing into dry-cured products. However, the biological characteristics of the skeletal myofibers of the Krškopolje breed, specifically the heavy myosin chain-based contractile and metabolic phenotypes that could affect meat quality, have not been established under different husbandry systems. The breed is generally maintained in either conventional indoor or organic systems. In the present study, the morphological, contractile, and metabolic properties of myofibers of the longissimus dorsi muscle were compared between animals reared in either an organic or a conventional indoor system. The myofibers were studied using immunohistochemical and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity-based classification, histomorphometric assessment, and qPCR. Results revealed that the organic production system influenced the composition of the longissimus dorsi myofiber type, characterized by a smaller myofiber cross-sectional area, a shift toward oxidative (SDH-positive) myofiber types, increased relative expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms I, IIa, and IIx, and downregulation of MyHC IIb. On the contrary, no apparent effect was observed on the metabolic phenotype of the myofiber as assessed through relative mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), lipoprotein-lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B), glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and fatty acid synthase (FASN)]. Differences in MyHC expression were largely corroborated by the histochemical classification, indicating that the contractile protein content is directly regulated by the MyHC genes. A correlation between the muscle contractile and metabolic phenotypes was not established, except for that between the HK2 and MyHC I genes. In conclusion, the present study showed an evident effect of rearing on the longissimus dorsi myofiber contractile phenotype but not the metabolic phenotype. Moreover, obtained data suggest that rearing the Krškopolje pig breed in a conventional system would result in an increased fiber size and a greater proportion of type IIb myofibers, which are known to be negatively correlated with some meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Fazarinc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klavdija Poklukar
- Animal Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Škrlep
- Animal Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Batorek-Lukač
- Animal Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Brankovič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Tomažin
- Animal Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Revilla M, Friggens NC, Broudiscou LP, Lemonnier G, Blanc F, Ravon L, Mercat MJ, Billon Y, Rogel-Gaillard C, Le Floch N, Estellé J, Muñoz-Tamayo R. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets' robustness to weaning: a modelling approach. Animal 2019; 13:2536-2546. [PMID: 31092303 PMCID: PMC6801654 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is a critical transition phase in swine production in which piglets must cope with different stressors that may affect their health. During this period, the prophylactic use of antibiotics is still frequent to limit piglet morbidity, which raises both economic and public health concerns such as the appearance of antimicrobial-resistant microbes. With the interest of developing tools for assisting health and management decisions around weaning, it is key to provide robustness indexes that inform on the animals' capacity to endure the challenges associated with weaning. This work aimed at developing a modelling approach for facilitating the quantification of piglet resilience to weaning. A total of 325 Large White pigs weaned at 28 days of age were monitored and further housed and fed conventionally during the post-weaning period without antibiotic administration. Body weight and diarrhoea scores were recorded before and after weaning, and blood was sampled at weaning and 1 week later for collecting haematological data. A dynamic model was constructed based on the Gompertz-Makeham law to describe live weight trajectories during the first 75 days after weaning, following the rationale that the animal response is partitioned in two time windows (a perturbation and a recovery window). Model calibration was performed for each animal. Our results show that the transition time between the two time windows, as well as the weight trajectories are characteristic for each individual. The model captured the weight dynamics of animals at different degrees of perturbation, with an average coefficient of determination of 0.99, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99. The utility of the model is that it provides biologically meaningful parameters that inform on the amplitude and length of perturbation, and the rate of animal recovery. Our rationale is that the dynamics of weight inform on the capability of the animal to cope with the weaning disturbance. Indeed, there were significant correlations between model parameters and individual diarrhoea scores and haematological traits. Overall, the parameters of our model can be useful for constructing weaning robustness indexes by using exclusively the growth curves. We foresee that this modelling approach will provide a step forward in the quantitative characterisation of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Revilla
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N. C. Friggens
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L. P. Broudiscou
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
| | - G. Lemonnier
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F. Blanc
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L. Ravon
- UE GenESI, INRA, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - M. J. Mercat
- IFIP-Institut du porc and Alliance R&D, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Y. Billon
- UE GenESI, INRA, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - C. Rogel-Gaillard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N. Le Floch
- UMR PEGASE, INRA, AgroCampus Ouest, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - J. Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R. Muñoz-Tamayo
- UMR MoSAR, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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Amaral AJ, Bressan MC, Almeida J, Bettencourt C, Moreira O, Sá J, Gama-Carvalho M, Bessa R, Gama LT. Combining genome-wide association analyses and gene interaction networks to reveal new genes associated with carcass traits, meat quality and fatty acid profiles in pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silalahi P, Tribout T, Billon Y, Gogué J, Bidanel JP. Estimation of the effects of selection on French Large White sow and piglet performance during the suckling period. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:4333-4343. [PMID: 29108065 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of 21 yr of selection were estimated for sow and piglet performance during the suckling period in a French Large White (LW) pig population using frozen semen. Two experimental groups (EXP = L77 and L98) were produced by inseminating LW sows with either stored frozen semen from 17 LW boars born in 1977 (EXP = L77) or with fresh semen from 23 LW boars born in 1998 (EXP = L98). Seventy-four L77 and 89 L98 randomly chosen females were mated to 15 L77 and 15 L98, respectively, randomly chosen boars for 6 successive parities. They produced 2,796 L77 progeny (G77) and 3,529 L98 progeny (G98) piglets including stillbirths. To disentangle direct and maternal effects on piglet growth, a 2 × 2 factorial design was set by cross-fostering half-litters across genetic groups the day after farrowing, resulting in mixed G77/G98 litters nursed by either L77 or L98 sows. Piglet traits investigated included individual weight at birth (IWB), at 21 d of age (IW21d), and at weaning at 4 wk of age (IWW) and ADG from birth to 21 d of age (ADG21d) and from birth to weaning (ADGBW) as well as probability of stillbirth, probability of mortality on the first day after farrowing and from d 2 to weaning. Sow traits analyzed included weight before farrowing and at weaning, feed intake, milk production, colostrum, and milk composition. The variability of performance across genetic groups and litters was also investigated. The data were analyzed using generalized (piglet mortality) or linear mixed models (other traits). Results showed an increase in IWB (+240 ± 72 g in 21 yr for IWB adjusted for total number born), and a negative maternal genetic trend was observed on piglet growth during the suckling period (e.g., +33 ± 13 g/d in 21 yr for ADG21d, that is, 14% of the mean), whereas direct genetic effects remained unchanged. Piglets from L98 litters also had a 40% larger probability of being stillborn and a 28% larger probability of dying on d 1 and had a more heterogeneous IWB (358 vs. 336 g; < 0.001) and growth during the suckling period (60 vs. 56 g/d; < 0.001). Sows from L77 and L98 experimental groups did not differ in weight, feed intake, colostrum, and milk composition. These results give evidence of negative correlated effects of selection for piglet traits related to robustness. These adverse effects are at least partly of maternal origin.
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Balzani A, Cordell HJ, Sutcliffe E, Edwards SA. Heritability of udder morphology and colostrum quality traits in swine. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3636-3644. [PMID: 27898925 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritability of udder quality traits, defined as morphology and colostrum IgG concentration at farrowing, was estimated together with the genetic and phenotypic correlations of these traits with other production and reproduction criteria. Udder morphology traits were recorded in 988 Meidam sows and colostrum samples were collected from 528 sows. Teat length, teat diameter (DIA), interteat distance within the same row (SAMER), and teat distance from the abdominal midline (AML) were recorded to the nearest millimeter. For each sow, a record was also made of udder development score (DEV), the proportion of teats oriented perpendicular to the udder, and the proportion of nonfunctional teats. Colostrum IgG concentration was estimated with a Brix refractometer. Heritability of udder morphology traits varied from high ( = 0.46 for teat length and = 0.56 for DIA) to moderate ( = 0.37 for SAMER, = 0.22 for AML, = 0.25 for DEV, = 0.3 for the proportion of nonfunctional teats, = 0.1 for the proportion of teats oriented perpendicular to the udder, and = 0.35 for colostrum IgG concentration). The SAMER was negatively genetically correlated with the number of stillborns (genetic correlation [] = -0.48) and positively genetically correlated with the number of piglets born alive ( = 0.69), with the opposite for the trait AML ( = -0.40 for number of piglets born alive and = 0.40 for stillborns). The highest genetic correlation with productive traits was estimated between AML and ADG during rearing ( = 0.42), although this had a negative phenotypic correlation (; -0.11). Teat length was also moderately correlated with ADG ( = 0.27). Backfat thickness at 100 kg was positively correlated with DIA and the total number of teats present in both rows ( = 0.28 and = 0.36, respectively) and negatively correlated only with DEV ( = -0.22). The same results were found for the phenotypic correlation between backfat thickness at end of test and the total number of teats present in both rows ( = 0.03). Udder quality traits can be included in the breeding goal and appropriately weighted with other important traits in the breeding objectives to enhance maternal performance.
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Silalahi P, Tribout T, Prunier A, Billon Y, Gogué J, Bidanel JP. Estimation of the effects of selection on French Large White reproductive performance using frozen semen. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3655-3662. [PMID: 27898911 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic trends for male and female sexual development and components of litter size and weight at birth (LB) as well as traits related to sow lifetime productivity were estimated in a French Large White (LW) pig population using frozen semen. Two experimental groups (EXP = L77 and L98) were produced by inseminating LW sows with either stored frozen semen from 17 LW boars born in 1977 (EXP = L77) or with semen from 23 LW boars born in 1998 (EXP = L98). In each group, about 100 males were measured for testicular development and bulbo-urethral gland development, and 90 gilts were checked for puberty, among which about 50 gilts were measured for their first ovulation rate at puberty (ORP). The females were then mated to 15 randomly chosen males for each group for 6 successive parities and measured for total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), and interval from weaning to first estrus as well as ovulation rate at fertilization (ORF = ovulation rate of gestating sows) on a subset of litters. The data were analyzed using mixed linear models including the fixed effects of EXP, of finishing (sexual development traits) or farrowing group, and parity (LB traits); the random effects of birth litter (sexual development traits) or sow (LB traits); and, when relevant, age or BW as covariates. The homogeneity of residual variances across EXP was also tested. For each trait, the genetic trend was estimated as twice the difference between L98 and L77. Limited differences were observed for sexual development traits, except for ORF, which increased by 0.17 ± 0.06/yr. The residual SD of NBA (2.7 vs. 2.0; = 0.004) and LWB (3.1 vs. 2.5; = 0.03) were larger in L98 sows than in L77 sows. Positive trends were observed for all litter traits (0.22 ± 0.07 ova, 0.12 ± 0.04 piglet, 0.09 ± 0.04 piglet, and 0.23 ± 0.06 kg/yr for ORF, TNB, NBA, and LWB, respectively) but at the expense of a degradation of prenatal and farrowing survival. A negative trend was also observed for length of productive life (-8.9 ± 3.9 d/yr). These results suggest that gains in productivity were associated with a loss of robustness.
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Bressan MC, Almeida J, Santos Silva J, Bettencourt C, Francisco A, Gama LT. Carcass characteristics and fat depots in Iberian and F1 Large White × Landrace pigs intensively finished or raised outdoors in oak-tree forests1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2592-602. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Bressan
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), I.P., 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), I.P., 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - J. Santos Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), I.P., 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C. Bettencourt
- Direcção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Alentejo, Herdade da Abóbada, 7830-908 Serpa, Portugal
| | - A. Francisco
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L. T. Gama
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lebret B, Dourmad JY, Mourot J, Pollet PY, Gondret F. Production performance, carcass composition, and adipose tissue traits of heavy pigs: influence of breed and production system. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:3543-56. [PMID: 25074454 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both breed and production systems are responsible for production efficiency and quality traits of pork. Effects of breed and production system within breed on growth, body fatness, and adipose tissues traits were assessed in the pure Basque (B, nonselected, local French) and conventional Large White (LW) breeds, reared either in a conventional (C, slatted floor), alternative (A, indoor straw bedding and outdoor area), or extensive (E, free range) system. A total of 100 castrated males were produced in 2 replicates, each involving 50 pigs distributed in 5 treatments based on breed and production system (i.e., BC, BA, BE, LWC, and LWA [10 pigs/group and per replicate]). From 35 kg BW to slaughter at around 145 kg BW, the BC, BA, LWC, and LWA pigs received the same growing and finishing diets, whereas the BE pigs had free access to the natural resources of the E pen and received a standard growing-finishing diet at restricted allowance according to the farming practices of the B pork chain. The B pigs had lower (P < 0.001) ADG and G:F than the LW pigs and were much older (P < 0.001) at slaughter. The LWA pigs had similar ADG but lower (P = 0.03) G:F than the LWC. Within the B breed, the BA had higher (P = 0.04) and the BE lower (P < 0.001) ADG compared with BC pigs. The B pigs had a higher (P < 0.001) carcass dressing an exhibited around 2-fold higher (P < 0.001) back fat proportion, perirenal fat weight and LM lipid content than the LW pigs. Compared with C, the A system decreased (P = 0.04) carcass dressing within LW but did not influence carcass traits within B pigs. The E system decreased (P ≤ 0.05) carcass dressing, back fat proportion, and LM lipid content in BE compared with BC pigs. The B pigs exhibited larger (P < 0.001) adipocytes in both subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and LM than the LW pigs. Malic enzyme activity was higher in SCAT of B than LW pigs despite their greater fatness, and was higher (P ≤ 0.01) in BA but lower (P < 0.001) in BE than in BC pigs. The B pigs had higher (P < 0.001) MUFA but lower (P ≤ 0.006) SFA and PUFA fatty acid percentages in SCAT than the LW pigs. Compared with C, the A system had scarce influence on FA composition within each breed, whereas the E system led to lower (P = 0.015) SFA and greater (P < 0.001) PUFA in SCAT of the B pigs. Altogether, the E production system can counteract the genetic potential of B pigs for growth rate but also body fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lebret
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - J Y Dourmad
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - J Mourot
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P Y Pollet
- Filière Porc Basque, F-64430 Les Aldudes, France
| | - F Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to measure sow udder conformation to use in studying the correlation between udder traits and piglet survival, health and performance. The steps in the investigation were (i) to assess the repeatability of measures, (ii) to determine if there was an important difference between the two sides of the udder, (iii) to assess the extent of variation between sows, and finally (iv) to verify if the measures differ in a systematic way over the days shortly before farrowing. A total of 24 sows were scored for six conformation traits of the udder measured twice a day, every day from the sows' entrance into the farrowing crates until farrowing (1 to 4 days later). The data were recorded from both sides when the sow was lying and when she was standing. The measurements taken were: inter-teat distance within the same row (SAMER; mm between the adjacent teat bases); distance from the base of the teats to the abdominal midline, recorded only in a lying posture (B); distance between the teat base and the adjacent teat on the opposite row, recorded only in a standing posture (OPPR), distance from the base of the teats to the ground (FLOOR); teat length (LEN) measured from the tip to the base, and diameter (DIA) measured at the tip of the teat. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed that most udder conformation traits were highly repeatable (ICC>0.8); only DIA and FLOOR had lower repeatability (ICC=0.7). Measurements did not differ by side. In general, the greatest proportion of variance occurred at the sow level. Traits changed little in the days before farrowing, except for a change 1 day before farrowing in DIA, FLOOR and OPPR. Measures which used anatomical landmarks as the reference point were more reliable than those using the floor of the pen. Udder conformation measures can be used as a reliable phenotype for further study. They can be collected on any day shortly before farrowing, and only from one side and in one posture to save time.
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Daigneault BW, McNamara KA, Purdy PH, Krisher RL, Knox RV, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Miller DJ. Enhanced fertility prediction of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa using novel sperm function assessment. Andrology 2015; 3:558-68. [PMID: 25914302 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to reduced fertility, cryopreserved semen is seldom used for commercial porcine artificial insemination (AI). Predicting the fertility of individual frozen ejaculates for selection of higher quality semen prior to AI would increase overall success. Our objective was to test novel and traditional laboratory analyses to identify characteristics of cryopreserved spermatozoa that are related to boar fertility. Traditional post-thaw analyses of motility, viability, and acrosome integrity were performed on each ejaculate. In vitro fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst development were also determined. Finally, spermatozoa-oviduct binding and competitive zona-binding assays were applied to assess sperm adhesion to these two matrices. Fertility of the same ejaculates subjected to laboratory assays was determined for each boar by multi-sire AI and defined as (i) the mean percentage of the litter sired and (ii) the mean number of piglets sired in each litter. Means of each laboratory evaluation were calculated for each boar and those values were applied to multiple linear regression analyses to determine which sperm traits could collectively estimate fertility in the simplest model. The regression model to predict the percent of litter sired by each boar was highly effective (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.87) and included five traits; acrosome-compromised spermatozoa, percent live spermatozoa (0 and 60 min post-thaw), percent total motility, and the number of zona-bound spermatozoa. A second model to predict the number of piglets sired by boar was also effective (p < 0.05, r(2) = 0.57). These models indicate that the fertility of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa can be predicted effectively by including traditional and novel laboratory assays that consider functions of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Daigneault
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - K A McNamara
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - P H Purdy
- USDA-ARS-NCGRP-NAGP, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R L Krisher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.,National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, CO, USA
| | - R V Knox
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - S L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - D J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Canario L, Bidanel JP, Rydhmer L. Genetic trends in maternal and neonatal behaviors and their association with perinatal survival in French Large White swine. Front Genet 2014; 5:410. [PMID: 25520737 PMCID: PMC4251434 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic trends in maternal abilities were studied in French Large White sows. Two lines representing old-type and modern-type pigs were obtained by inseminating modern sows with semen from boars born in 1977 or 1998. Successive generations were produced by inter-se mating. The maternal performance of sows from the second generation was compared in farrowing crates. Video analysis was performed for the 1st h after the onset of 43 and 36 farrowing events, and for the 6 first hours for 23 and 21 events, in old-type and modern-type sows, respectively. Genetic trends were estimated as twice the difference in estimates between the 2 lines. The contribution of behavior to the probability of stillbirth and piglet death in the first 2 days was estimated as the percentage of deviance reduction (DR) due to the addition of behavior traits as factors in the mortality model. Sow activity decreased strongly from the 1st to the 2nd h in both lines (P < 0.001). In the first 6 h, old-type sows sat (1st parity), stood (2nd parity) and rooted (both parities) for longer than modern-type sows, which were less active, especially in 2nd parity. In modern-type sows, stillbirth was associated positively with lying laterally in the first 6 h (4.6% DR) and negatively in the 1st h (9.1% DR). First-parity old-type sows were more attentive to piglets (P = 0.003) than modern-type sows which responded more to nose contacts at 2nd parity (P = 0.01). Maternal reactivity of modern-type sows was associated with a higher risk of piglet death (4.6% DR). Respiratory distress at birth tended to be higher in modern-type piglets than in old-type piglets (P < 0.10) and was associated with a higher risk of piglet death in both lines (2.7–3.1% DR). Mobility at birth was lower in modern-type than old-type piglets (P < 0.0001). Genetic trends show that sow and piglet behaviors at farrowing have changed. Our results indicate reduced welfare in parturient modern-type sows and their newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Canario
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1388, Génétique, Physiologie et Système d'Elevage Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bidanel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Lotta Rydhmer
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
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Gonzalez-Peña D, Knox RV, Pettigrew J, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Impact of pig insemination technique and semen preparation on profitability1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:72-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801
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Hristov AN, Ott T, Tricarico J, Rotz A, Waghorn G, Adesogan A, Dijkstra J, Montes F, Oh J, Kebreab E, Oosting SJ, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Makkar HPS, Firkins JL. SPECIAL TOPICS — Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5095-113. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - T. Ott
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J. Tricarico
- Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, Rosemont, IL 60018
| | - A. Rotz
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
| | | | | | - J. Dijkstra
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Montes
- Plant Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J. Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - E. Kebreab
- University of California–Davis, Davis 95616
| | - S. J. Oosting
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P. J. Gerber
- Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Henderson
- Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - H. P. S. Makkar
- Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
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Lu X, Liu J, Fu W, Zhou J, Luo Y, Ding X, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Genome-wide association study for cytokines and immunoglobulin G in swine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74846. [PMID: 24098351 PMCID: PMC3788770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased disease resistance through improved immune capacity would be beneficial for the welfare and productivity of farm animals. To identify genomic regions responsible for immune capacity traits in swine, a genome-wide association study was conducted. In total, 675 pigs were included. At 21 days of age, all piglets were vaccinated with modified live classical swine fever vaccine. Blood samples were sampled when the piglets were 20 and 35 days of age, respectively. Four traits, including Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels, the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) blocking percentage to CSFV in serum were measured. All the samples were genotyped for 62,163 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using the Illumina porcineSNP60k BeadChip. After quality control, 46,079 SNPs were selected for association tests based on a single-locus regression model. To tackle the issue of multiple testing, 10,000 permutations were performed to determine the chromosome-wise and genome-wise significance level. In total, 32 SNPs with chromosome-wise significance level (including 4 SNPs with genome-wise significance level) were identified. These SNPs account for 3.23% to 13.81% of the total phenotypic variance individually. For the four traits, the numbers of significant SNPs range from 5 to 15, which jointly account for 37.52%, 82.94%, 26.74% and 24.16% of the total phenotypic variance of IFN-γ, IL-10, IFN-γ/IL-10, and IgG, respectively. Several significant SNPs are located within the QTL regions reported in previous studies. Furthermore, several significant SNPs fall into the regions which harbour a number of known immunity-related genes. Results herein lay a preliminary foundation for further identifying the causal mutations affecting swine immune capacity in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - JianFeng Liu
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - WeiXuan Fu
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - JiaPeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - YanRu Luo
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - XiangDong Ding
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Men H, Walters EM, Nagashima H, Prather RS. Emerging applications of sperm, embryo and somatic cell cryopreservation in maintenance, relocation and rederivation of swine genetics. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1720-9. [PMID: 22898022 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in porcine assisted reproductive technology (ART) make it possible to use cryopreserved sperm, embryos and somatic cells in the maintenance, relocation and regeneration of swine genetics. In this review, development of key application-limiting technology is discussed in each cell type, focusing on the efficiencies, ease of storage and transportation, and minimization of pathogen transmission. Methods to regenerate swine genetics and/or models using frozen sperm, embryos and somatic cells in combination with other porcine ARTs, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and somatic cell nuclear transplantation (SCNT), are also discussed. The applications of these ARTs utilizing cryopreserved cells will greatly increase the efficiency as well as biosecurity for maintenance, relocation and rederivation of swine genetics/models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Men
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Damon M, Wyszynska-Koko J, Vincent A, Hérault F, Lebret B. Comparison of muscle transcriptome between pigs with divergent meat quality phenotypes identifies genes related to muscle metabolism and structure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33763. [PMID: 22470472 PMCID: PMC3312351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meat quality depends on physiological processes taking place in muscle tissue, which could involve a large pattern of genes associated with both muscle structural and metabolic features. Understanding the biological phenomena underlying muscle phenotype at slaughter is necessary to uncover meat quality development. Therefore, a muscle transcriptome analysis was undertaken to compare gene expression profiles between two highly contrasted pig breeds, Large White (LW) and Basque (B), reared in two different housing systems themselves influencing meat quality. LW is the most predominant breed used in pig industry, which exhibits standard meat quality attributes. B is an indigenous breed with low lean meat and high fat contents, high meat quality characteristics, and is genetically distant from other European pig breeds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Transcriptome analysis undertaken using a custom 15 K microarray, highlighted 1233 genes differentially expressed between breeds (multiple-test adjusted P-value<0.05), out of which 635 were highly expressed in the B and 598 highly expressed in the LW pigs. No difference in gene expression was found between housing systems. Besides, expression level of 12 differentially expressed genes quantified by real-time RT-PCR validated microarray data. Functional annotation clustering emphasized four main clusters associated to transcriptome breed differences: metabolic processes, skeletal muscle structure and organization, extracellular matrix, lysosome, and proteolysis, thereby highlighting many genes involved in muscle physiology and meat quality development. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, these results will contribute to a better understanding of muscle physiology and of the biological and molecular processes underlying meat quality. Besides, this study is a first step towards the identification of molecular markers of pork quality and the subsequent development of control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Damon
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage (PEGASE), Saint Gilles, France.
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Roca J, Parrilla I, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Gil MA, Cuello C, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA. Approaches Towards Efficient Use of Boar Semen in the Pig Industry. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46 Suppl 2:79-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Flori L, Gao Y, Laloë D, Lemonnier G, Leplat JJ, Teillaud A, Cossalter AM, Laffitte J, Pinton P, de Vaureix C, Bouffaud M, Mercat MJ, Lefèvre F, Oswald IP, Bidanel JP, Rogel-Gaillard C. Immunity traits in pigs: substantial genetic variation and limited covariation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22717. [PMID: 21829490 PMCID: PMC3146468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing robustness via improvement of resistance to pathogens is a major selection objective in livestock breeding. As resistance traits are difficult or impossible to measure directly, potential indirect criteria are measures of immune traits (ITs). Our underlying hypothesis is that levels of ITs with no focus on specific pathogens define an individual's immunocompetence and thus predict response to pathogens in general. Since variation in ITs depends on genetic, environmental and probably epigenetic factors, our aim was to estimate the relative importance of genetics. In this report, we present a large genetic survey of innate and adaptive ITs in pig families bred in the same environment. Methodology/Principal Findings Fifty four ITs were studied on 443 Large White pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and analyzed by combining a principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic parameter estimation. ITs include specific and non specific antibodies, seric inflammatory proteins, cell subsets by hemogram and flow cytometry, ex vivo production of cytokines (IFNα, TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL12, IFNγ, IL2, IL4, IL10), phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. While six ITs had heritabilities that were weak or not significantly different from zero, 18 and 30 ITs had moderate (0.1<h2≤0.4) or high (h2>0.4) heritability values, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between ITs were weak except for a few traits that mostly include cell subsets. PCA revealed no cluster of innate or adaptive ITs. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that variation in many innate and adaptive ITs is genetically controlled in swine, as already reported for a smaller number of traits by other laboratories. A limited redundancy of the traits was also observed confirming the high degree of complementarity between innate and adaptive ITs. Our data provide a genetic framework for choosing ITs to be included as selection criteria in multitrait selection programmes that aim to improve both production and health traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Flori
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yu Gao
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Lemonnier
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Angélique Teillaud
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cossalter
- INRA, UR66 de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Laffitte
- INRA, UR66 de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Pinton
- INRA, UR66 de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marcel Bouffaud
- INRA, Station de contrôle de performances, UE450, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - François Lefèvre
- INRA, UR892 de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Bidanel
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Rogel-Gaillard
- INRA, UMR 1313 de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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