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Lee J, Kwon C, Won S, Kim H, Kil D. Evaluation of tryptophan biomass as an alternative to conventional crystalline tryptophan in broiler diets. J APPL POULTRY RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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2
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Son AR, Son J, Kim BG. Effects of Dietary Wheat Bran on Ileal and Hindgut Digestibility of Nutrient in Pigs and Influences of Ileal Digesta Collection on Proceeding Fecal Nutrient Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050799. [PMID: 36899656 PMCID: PMC10000122 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to determine the effects of graded inclusion rates of wheat bran (WB) on apparent ileal (AID), apparent total tract (ATTD), and hindgut digestibility of nutrients and tested the influence of ileal digesta collection on proceeding fecal nutrient digestibility in pigs. Six barrows with an initial mean body weight of 70.7 ± 5.7 kg fitted with an ileal T-cannula were used. The animals were assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods. A basal diet was based mainly on wheat, soybean meal, and cornstarch. Two additional diets were formulated to contain 20 or 40% of WB at the expense of cornstarch. Each experimental period consisted of a seven-day adaptation period and a four-day collection period. After the adaptation period, fecal samples were collected on day 8, and ileal digesta were collected on days 9 and 10. Another set of fecal samples was collected on day 11 to determine the influence of ileal digesta collection on proceeding total tract nutrient digestibility. The AID of energy, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, and phosphorus linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with an increasing inclusion rate of WB from 0 to 40%. The ATTD of energy, DM, OM, crude protein, ether extract, and phosphorus linearly decreased (p < 0.01) as the inclusion rate of WB increased. Hindgut digestibility of DM, OM, and ether extract linearly increased (p < 0.05) with an increasing inclusion rate of WB. The ATTD of GE and most nutrients did not differ between the two fecal collection periods of before and after ileal digesta collection. Taken together, the inclusion of a fiber-rich ingredient reduced ileal and fecal digestibility of nutrients but increased hindgut digestibility of some nutrients, and total tract digestibility of nutrients did not differ whether the fecal samples were collected before or after two days of ileal digesta collection in pigs.
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Mallea AP, Oliveira MSF, Lopez DA, Stein HH. Nutritional value of a new source of cheese coproduct fed to weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad107. [PMID: 37026190 PMCID: PMC10119693 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and metabolizable energy (ME) in a the cheese coproduct are greater than in fish meal or enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM). The second objective was to test the hypothesis that pigs fed a diet containing cheese coproduct will have growth performance that is not different from that of pigs fed other sources of protein. In experiment 1, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (11.0 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and four periods and two pigs per diet in each period. The four diets included an N-free diet and three diets that contained ESBM, fish meal, or the cheese coproduct as the source of AA. Results indicated that the cheese coproduct had greater (P < 0.05) SID of most AA compared with ESBM and fish meal. In experiment 2, 32 weanling barrows (14.0 ± 1.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of four diets. A corn-based diet and three diets that contained corn and ESBM, fish meal, or cheese coproduct were formulated. Feces and urine were collected quantitatively. The ME in cheese coproduct was greater (P < 0.05) than in ESBM and fish meal. In experiment 3, 128 weaned pigs (6.2 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with four treatments and 8 replicate pens per diet. Phase 1 diets that contained 0%, 6.65%, 7.35%, or 14% cheese coproduct were fed from days 1 to 14 and a common phase 2 diet without cheese coproduct was fed from days 15 to 28. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning of the experiment, on days 14 and 28, and daily feed allotments were also recorded. Two blood samples were collected from 1 pig per pen on day 14 to analyze for blood urea N, albumin, total plasma protein, peptide YY, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. No differences were observed in average daily gain among treatments, but there was a tendency (P < 0.10) for total protein on day 14 to increase as cheese coproduct increased in the diets. In conclusion, the cheese coproduct used in this experiment has a greater SID of AA and greater ME than ESBM and fish meal and the cheese coproduct may be included in prestarter diets for weanling pigs without negatively impacting growth performance or indicators of intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Mallea
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
| | | | - Diego A Lopez
- Keys Manufacturing Company, Inc., Paris, IL 61944, USA
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Espinosa C, Oliveira M, Htoo J, Stein H. Concentrations of digestible amino acids in co-products from threonine and tryptophan fermentation are greater than in soybean meal. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oliveira MSF, Htoo JK, Stein HH. The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa225. [PMID: 32681644 PMCID: PMC7431206 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P < 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.05 and P < 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau, Germany
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in L-threonine and L-valine biomass products fed to weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rundle CM, Artuso-Ponte V, Stein HH. Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and starch by young growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa054. [PMID: 32705050 PMCID: PMC7277684 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a preparation of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) obtained from Macleaya cordata and added to corn-soybean meal diets increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA), crude protein (CP), starch, and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) when fed to young growing pigs. Thirty-two ileal cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 12.19 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with four diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Diets were supplemented with 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg/kg IQ and with 0.40% chromic oxide. Diets were fed for 27 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 13 and 14 (period 1) and on days 26 and 27 (period 2). Effects of IQ inclusions were analyzed using contrast statements, and differences between periods were analyzed using a repeated measures statement. A quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in the AID of Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was observed in period 1 as IQ was included in the diets, and AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was greater in period 2 than in period 1 (P < 0.05). In period 1, a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) was observed for the AID of starch as IQ increased in the diet, but the AID of starch was less (P < 0.05) in period 2 than in period 1. No differences among treatments or periods were observed for AID of AEE. Results indicate that inclusion of approximately 90 mg/kg of IQ in diets for weanling pigs may increase the AID of starch and some AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Rundle
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Corresponding author:
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Li P, Wu G. Composition of amino acids and related nitrogenous nutrients in feedstuffs for animal diets. Amino Acids 2020; 52:523-542. [PMID: 32162082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the composition of amino acids (AAs) in oligopeptides, proteins, and the free pool, as well as creatine, agmatine, polyamines, carnosine, anserine, and glutathione, in animal- and plant-derived feedstuffs. Ingredients of animal origins were black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM), chicken by-product meal, chicken visceral digest, feather meal, Menhaden fishmeal, Peruvian anchovy fishmeal, Southeast Asian fishmeal, spray-dried peptone from enzymes-treated porcine mucosal tissues, poultry by-product meal (pet-food grade), spray-dried poultry plasma, and spray-dried egg product. Ingredients of plant origins were algae spirulina meal, soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate. All animal-derived feedstuffs contained large amounts of all proteinogenic AAs (particularly glycine, proline, glutamate, leucine, lysine, and arginine) and key nonproteinogenic AAs (taurine and 4-hydroxyproline), as well as significant amounts of agmatine, polyamines, creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, and glutathione. These nitrogenous substances are essential to either DNA and protein syntheses in cells or energy metabolism in tissues (particularly the brain and skeletal muscle). Of note, chicken by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, and spray-dried poultry plasma contained large amounts of carnosine and anserine (potent antioxidants). Compared with most of the animal-derived feedstuffs, plant-derived feedstuffs contained much lower contents of glycine and proline, little 4-hydroxyproline, and no creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, carnosine or anserine. These results indicate the unique importance of animal-source feedstuffs in improving the feed efficiency, growth and health of animals (including fish and companion animals). Because soy protein concentrate is consumed by infants, children and adults, as are BSFM and algae for children and adults, our findings also have important implications for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- North American Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Cho KH, Kang SW, Yoo JS, Song DK, Chung YH, Kwon GT, Kim YY. Effects of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae hydrolysate on nutrient ileal digestibility in growing pigs compared to those of defatted mealworm larvae meal, fermented poultry by-product, and hydrolyzed fish soluble. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:490-500. [PMID: 32054168 PMCID: PMC7054617 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae hydrolysate on nutrient ileal digestibility compared to those of dried mealworm larvae meal, fermented poultry by-product, and hydrolyzed fish soluble in growing pigs. METHODS A total of 12 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with average body weight of 28.70±0.32 kg were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. RESULTS Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM) was the highest in pigs fed HML diet. AIDs of crude protein (CP) were higher in pigs fed HML and DMLM diets than those in pigs fed the other two diets. AID of total amino acid was higher (p = 0.06) in pigs fed HML diet. AIDs of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr) were similar in pigs fed DMLM and HML diets, but were higher (p = 0.05, p<0.05, and p = 0.05, respectively) than those in pigs fed FPBM or HFS diet. Pigs fed HML diet had higher standardized ileal digestibilities (SIDs) of DM and CP (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively) compared to pigs fed the other FPBM and HFS diets. SIDs of total amino acid were not different (p = 0.06) between treatments. For SIDs of Lys, Met, and Thr, pigs fed HML and DMLM diets showed higher SIDs (p = 0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively) than pigs fed FPBM and HFS diets. SIDs of non-essential amino acids (aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine) were higher (p<0.05, p< 0.05, and p<0.05, respectively) in pigs fed HML, FPBM, and DMLM diets than those in pigs fed the HFS diet. AID and SID of glutamic acid were higher in pigs fed HML and FPBM diets. CONCLUSION In conclusion, dietary supplementation of mealworm larvae hydrolysate had higher digestibility in DM, CP, Lys, Met, and Thr compared to dietary supplementation with fermented poultry by-product and hydrolyzed fish soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun Woo Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jong Sang Yoo
- Daehan feed Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Incheon 22300,
Korea
| | - Dae Kil Song
- Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810,
Korea
| | - Yi Hyung Chung
- Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810,
Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Berry & Biofood Research Institute, Gochang 56417,
Korea
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
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Oliveira MSF, Htoo JK, González-Vega JC, Stein HH. Bioavailability of valine in spray-dried L-valine biomass is not different from that in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4227-4234. [PMID: 31420673 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a spray dried L-Val fermentation biomass (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to Val from L-Val (98% L-Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08%, 0.17%, or 0.25% L-Val or 0.12%, 0.25%, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets from both Val sources that contained 0.71%, 0.79%, or 0.87% SID Val. Two hundred twenty-four weaned pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg initial BW) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets, 4 pigs per pen, and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 20 d. At the conclusion of the experiment, a blood sample from 1 pig per pen was analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma free AA. A linear regression model was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to Val from L-Val. Results indicated that the final BW and ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val. The ADFI decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.01), whereas G:F increased (linear, P < 0.01) by increasing inclusion of both Val sources in the diets. Regardless of source of dietary Val, BUN values were reduced (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) as the concentration of Val in the diet increased. Pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val had increased (linear and quadratic, P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of Val and Arg in plasma, and plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, Lys, Ala, Cys, and Pro linearly increased (P < 0.05). There was also an increase (linear, P < 0.05) in plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, Met, Ala, Asp, Cys, and Pro as Val-FB was added to the diets, and the concentration of Val in plasma increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Using L-Val as the standard, the RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146%, 135%, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99% to 191%, 83% to 187%, and 70% to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val in Val-FB relative to Val from L-Val, and pigs fed diet supplemented with Val-FB had greater final BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of Val from L-Val.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryane S F Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Li R, Chang L, Hou G, Song Z, Fan Z, He X, Hou DX. Colonic Microbiota and Metabolites Response to Different Dietary Protein Sources in a Piglet Model. Front Nutr 2019; 6:151. [PMID: 31616670 PMCID: PMC6768948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein sources have the potential to affect the colon microbiome of piglets that will subsequently have a large impact on metabolic capabilities and hindgut health. This study explored the effects of different protein sources on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP), colonic mucin chemotypes, colonic microbiome, and microbial metabolites of piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups that received isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing either Palbio 50 RD (P50), Soyppt-50% (S50), concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), or fish meal (FM) as the sole protein source. The experimental diets did not affect the estimated daily gain (EDG), but P50 increased fecal score compared with S50 and CDCP. CDCP increased, but P50 reduced AID of CP in comparison to FM and S50. S50 and CDCP increased the amount of mixed neutral-acidic mucins relative to P50. Venn analysis identified unique OTUs in the P50 (13), CDCP (74), FM (39), and S50 (31) groups. The protein sources did not change the colonic bacterial richness or diversity. High Escherichia abundance in the P50 and FM, great abundant of Lactobacillus in the CDCP, and high Gemmiger abundance in the S50 were found. The CDCP tended to elevate valeric acid and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) concentrations compared with the other diets. The P50 and FM groups had greater ammonia nitrogen and methylamine contents than the S50 and CDCP groups. There was a positive correlation between the Escherichia and ammonia nitrogen, the Lactobacillus and short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and a negative correlation between the Gemmige and BCFA. These findings suggested short-term feeding of different protein sources did not affect the piglets' growth, but P50 increased the diarrhea rate. Potential pathogenic bacteria and detrimental metabolites appeared in the colons of piglets fed P50 and FM, whereas, beneficial effects were conferred upon piglets fed CDCP and S50, thus indicating that available plant proteins (cotton seed, soy) added to the diets of piglets enhanced colon health by reducing protein fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Gaifeng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Wensley MR, Woodworth JC, Derouchey JM, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Walters HG, Leopold BA, Coufal CD, Haydon KD, Lee JT. Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 4:49-58. [PMID: 32704965 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madie R Wensley
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Joel M Derouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Hunter G Walters
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
| | - Bryce A Leopold
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
| | - Craig D Coufal
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
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Li R, Hou G, Song Z, Zhao J, Fan Z, Hou DX, He X. Nutritional value of enzyme-treated soybean meal, concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein, dried porcine solubles and fish meal for 10- to -20 kg pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Genova JL, Carvalho PLDO, Oliveira NTED, Oliveira ADC, Gois FD, Castro DEDSE, Souza FNC, Trautenmüller H, Santos LBDAD, Leal IF. Partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:1725-1733. [PMID: 30381739 PMCID: PMC6817782 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase in terms of digestibility of feed, nitrogen balance, growth performance and blood parameters. Methods Experiment I involved 24 crossbred entire male pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.28±0.7 kg and used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 treatments (fish meal, FM; soybean protein concentrate, SPC; and soybean meal, SBM) and 8 replicates, with 1 pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 1,843 crossbred male and female pigs with an initial BW of 6.79±0.90 kg and was based on a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (2 sexes and 3 protein sources) and 13 replicates. Results The results of Exp. I indicate effects (p<0.05) of dietary protein sources on digestible protein (FM, 17.84%; SPC, 16.72%, and SBM, 18.13%) and on total nitrogen excretion (TNE, g/kg BW0.75/d) in which pigs fed with SBM-based feed had TNE values that were 5.36% and 3.72% greater than SPC and FM, respectively. In the Exp. II, there was difference (p<0.01) between sexes in the pre-starter I and starter phases, and total period in average daily feed intake (ADFI), which were greater in females, and between the protein sources, ADFI, final weight and daily weight gain. For urea in the pre-starter II and starter phases and glucose in the pre-starter II phase, there was a difference (p<0.05) between protein sources and between sexes, in starter phase in urea concentrations (females: 57.11 mg/dL and males: 50.60 mg/dL). Conclusion The use of SBM as only protein source influences larger TNE (g/kg BW0.75/d), reduces the growth performance of piglets and increases plasma urea concentrations in pre-starter II phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aparecida da Costa Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Franz Dias Gois
- Animal Science Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Elias de Sá E Castro
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Heloíse Trautenmüller
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Ferreira Leal
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
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Effect of dried fermentation biomass on microbial fermentation in continuous culture and in vitro intestinal digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Son AR, Kim BG. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in single-cell protein and fish meal fed to growing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pijlman J, van Oostrum M, van Vuure C, Molist F, van der Aar PJ. Relative lysine bioavailability of hydrolyzed porcine mucosal tissue compared with acid casein in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Protein hydrolysates from animal processing by-products as a source of bioactive molecules with interest in animal feeding: A review. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang S, Piao X, Ma X, Xu X, Zeng Z, Tian Q, Li Y. Comparison of spray-dried egg and albumen powder with conventional animal protein sources as feed ingredients in diets fed to weaned pigs. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:772-81. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhikai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Qiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Yao Li
- Shendi Company; Jingmen China
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Frikha M, Mohiti-Asli M, Chetrit C, Mateos G. Hydrolyzed porcine mucosa in broiler diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient retention, and histomorphology of the small intestine. Poult Sci 2014; 93:400-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Myers AJ, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, DeRouchey JM, Nelssen JL. The effects of porcine intestinal mucosa protein sources on nursery pig growth performance1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:783-92. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Myers
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - R. D. Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - M. D. Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - S. S. Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - J. M. DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - J. L. Nelssen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture; Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
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