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Coria MS, Pighin D, Grigioni G, Palma GA. Feeding strategies and ageing time alter calpain system proteins activities and meat quality of Braford steers. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:272-280. [PMID: 34696575 PMCID: PMC8738954 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ageing and feeding strategies on the calpain protease system and meat quality traits in Braford steers. Methods Thirty Braford steers were employed; 15 animals were supplemented with corn silage during finishing and 15 were kept only on pasture. Meat quality traits and calpain system protein activity were evaluated in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) steaks aged for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Aged meat showed higher pH and calcium content, while Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) decreased to day 21. No interaction between ageing and diet was seen for quality traits. Steers finished with corn silage showed higher values of water holding capacity, WBSF and free calcium, and lower values of pH and cooking loss. Calpain and calpastatin activities decreased with ageing. Finishing steers on pasture produced higher values of calpains and lower values of calpastatin activities. The higher values of calpain 1 activity were observed in muscles aged 2 days from pasture finished animals, and the lower activity of the inhibitor in the 21 days aged samples of the same group. Conclusion These results suggest a diet by ageing interaction in calpains and calpastatin and this interaction impact in Warner Bratzler Shear Force in Braford LTL muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sumampa Coria
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,Institute for the Agricultural Development of the Semiarid (INDEAS), Faculty of Agronomy and Agroindustry (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4200ABT, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Dario Pighin
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute - Science and Technology Institute of Sustainable Food Systems, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Grigioni
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute - Science and Technology Institute of Sustainable Food Systems, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Palma
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,Institute for the Agricultural Development of the Semiarid (INDEAS), Faculty of Agronomy and Agroindustry (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4200ABT, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
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2
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Alliband KH, Kozhevnikova SV, Parr T, Jethwa PH, Brameld JM. In vitro Effects of Biologically Active Vitamin D on Myogenesis: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:736708. [PMID: 34566700 PMCID: PMC8458760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.736708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with muscle weakness. A reduction in the incidence of falls in the elderly following VD supplementation and identification of the VD receptor within muscle cells suggests a direct effect of VD on muscle, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we systematically searched the literature to identify effects of active VD [1,25(OH)2D3] on skeletal muscle myogenesis in vitro, with no restriction on year of publication. Eligibility was assessed by strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and agreed by two independent investigators. Twelve relevant pa-pers were identified using four different cell types (C2C12, primary mouse satellite cells, primary chick myoblasts, and primary human myoblasts) and a range of myogenic markers (myoD, myogenin, creatine kinase, myosin heavy chain, and myotube size). A clear inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on proliferation was reported, while the effects on the different stages of differentiation were less consistent probably due to variation in cell type, time points and doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 used. However, myotube size was consistently increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, the evidence suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of myoblasts, but future studies should use time courses to gain a clearer understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Alliband
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia V Kozhevnikova
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Parr
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Preeti H Jethwa
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - John M Brameld
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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López-Baca MÁ, Avendaño-Reyes L, Macías-Cruz U, Muhlia-Almazán A, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Peña-Ramos EA, Islava-Lagarda TY, González-Rios H. Muscle fiber morphometry and physicochemical characteristics of the Longissimus thoracis muscle of hair male lambs fed zilpaterol hydrochloride and implanted with steroids. Meat Sci 2021; 177:108490. [PMID: 33744607 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber morphometry and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated in LT muscles obtained from entire male lambs treated with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH, 0 and 0.15 mg/kg body weight) and/or steroidal implant (SI, with and without trenbolone acetate/estradiol). ZH and SI acted synergistically to increase LT area, type-IIb fiber cross-sectional area and soluble collagen content, likewise to decrease metmyoglobin concentration and insoluble collagen content. Ash content and ultimate pH showed a decrease due to an antagonistic effect between ZH and SI. Content of total collagen, protein, fat, moisture, oxidized lipids and water-holding capacity were unaffected by ZH and SI. Supplemental ZH, but not SI, decreased all color parameters and tended to increase shear force. Overall, the SI implantation of male lambs followed by a ZH supplementation promoted greater LT hypertrophy, without affecting protein and fat content, and physicochemical characteristics in their meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles López-Baca
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Leonel Avendaño-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja california, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California 21705, Mexico
| | - Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja california, Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Valle de Mexicali, Baja California 21705, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazán
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Martín Valenzuela-Melendres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Etna Aida Peña-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Thalia Y Islava-Lagarda
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Rios
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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Cruz FL, de Carvalho EB, Ramos EM, Pereira LJ, Zangeronimo MG. Relationship between beta-adrenergic agonists, calpain system activity and beef texture: A systematic review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:442-451. [PMID: 33452737 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with beta-adrenergic agonists on calpains and calpastatin activity in bovine muscle and changes in meat tenderness. A survey was conducted in June 2019 on Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Capes Periodicals, using four keyword combinations: agonist and calpain and cattle; agonist and calpain and bovine; agonist and calpain and heifers; agonist and calpain and steers. Thirteen studies were selected, 54% concluded that supplementation with beta-adrenergic agonists increases calpastatin activity, 23% observed increase in their gene expression and 23% reported no effect on activity or expression of this enzyme. Nine studies evaluated the influence of beta-adrenergic agonists supplementation on meat texture and all found an increase in shear force values. There is strong evidence that beta-adrenergic agonists may increase calpastatin activity in the muscle, causing damage to meat tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio L Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisa B de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Ramos
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano J Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Zangeronimo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Coria MS, Reineri PS, Pighin D, Barrionuevo MG, Carranza PG, Grigioni G, Palma GA. Feeding strategies alter gene expression of the calpain system and meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Braford steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 33:753-762. [PMID: 31480177 PMCID: PMC7206388 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementing pasture-finished steers with corn silage on the expression level of the calpain system proteins and beef tenderization. Methods Thirty Braford steers grazing on summer pasture were used for the study. For 120 days fifteen animals were supplemented with corn silage at 1% of body weight per head per day (Suppl) whereas the remaining 15 steers only received pasture (Contr). Carcass and meat traits were evaluated and compared between groups. Gene expression and activities of proteases (calpain 1 and calpain 2) and inhibitor (calpastatin) were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and casein zymography. Results Carcass and meat traits were significantly different between feeding systems. Supplemented steers showed higher hot carcass weight (p<0.01), fat content (p = 0.02), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the control group showed higher protease:inhibitor ratios, at mRNA (p = 0.01) and protein levels (p<0.10). Warner-Bratzler shear force and mRNA calpains:calpastatin ratio were associated in both feeding systems (p<0.01). Conclusion Based on the results obtained in the study, beef tenderness differences among finishing strategies could be modulated through differential expression of the calpain system proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sumampa Coria
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sebastián Reineri
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,Santiago del Estero Agricultural Experimental Station, Francisco Cantos Experimental Field, INTA, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero, G4206XBK, Argentina
| | - Dario Pighin
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute, Agroindustry Research Centre, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, B1712, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Maria Guadalupe Barrionuevo
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Santiago del Estero Centre of Research and Transfer (CITSE), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Grigioni
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Food Technology Institute, Agroindustry Research Centre, INTA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, B1712, Argentina.,Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Moron University, Morón, Buenos Aires, B1708JPD, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Palma
- Animal Production and Reproduction Laboratory, NOA Institute of Bionanotechnology (INBIONATEC), Villa El Zanjón, Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina.,Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, G4206XCP, Argentina
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López-Baca MÁ, Contreras M, González-Ríos H, Macías-Cruz U, Torrentera N, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Muhlia-Almazán A, Soto-Navarro S, Avendaño-Reyes L. Growth, carcass characteristics, cut yields and meat quality of lambs finished with zilpaterol hydrochloride and steroid implant. Meat Sci 2019; 158:107890. [PMID: 31382221 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forty hairbreed male lambs were used to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH, 0 and 0.15 mg/kg BW) and steroid implant (SI, without and with 52.5 mg trenbolone acetate and 7.5 mg 17β-estradiol) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, non-carcass components, wholesale cut yield, and meat quality. Supplemental ZH increased growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass weight, and dressing percentage, with no effect on wholesale cut yields. Feeding ZH increased muscle pH at 24 h. Supplemental ZH increased meat shear force, but decreased lightness, redness, and yellowness after frozen storage followed by a 14-day aging period. The SI administration increased dressing percentage and neck yield, but decreased testicle weight and meat redness, without affecting other variables. The LT area was greater with ZH + SI administration than with individual application of ZH or SI. Compared to individual administration, simultaneous application of ZH and SI did not result in improved growth performance, carcass traits and wholesale cut yields in hairbreed male lambs.
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7
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Bai M, Liu H, Xu K, Yu R, Oso AO, Deng J, Yin Y. Effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride on muscle fiber characteristics and amino acid composition of finishing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:1430-1438. [PMID: 30381744 PMCID: PMC6722302 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was designed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CC) on muscle fiber characteristics, amino acid composition and transporters gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of finishing pigs. Methods Two hundred and sixteen Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire cross-bred male finishing pigs were fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 70, and 140 mg/kg cysteamine. Each group contained eight replicates of nine pigs per replicate. After 29 days, one pig was randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered. Blood and LDM samples were collected and analyzed. Results The results showed that supplemental dietary CC increased (p<0.05) the muscle fiber density. And CC supplementation also up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 (MyHC1) and MyHC2x mRNA levels, and down-regulated (p<0.05) MyHC2b expression in the LDM. Additionally, supplemental dietary CC reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of total cholesterol in the plasma and enhanced (p<0.05) the concentrations of essential amino acid and total amino acid in the LDM. The relative expression levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 2, b0,+ amino acid transporter, and y+-L-type amino acid transporter 1 were up-regulated (p<0.05) in the LDM when pigs were fed with the dietary CC of 70 mg/kg. Conclusion Cysteamine supplementation could increase fiber density and distribution of fiber types. It also improved the deposition of protein in the LDM by up-regulated the expression of amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China
| | - Abimbola Oladele Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Jinping Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Meraz-Murillo FJ, Avendaño-Reyes L, Pérez-Linares C, Figueroa-Saavedra F, Torres-Rodríguez V, Guerra-Liera JE, Mellado M, Macías-Cruz U. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Zebu heifers supplemented with two β-adrenergic agonists. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate effects of administration of two β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat-quality traits of Zebu heifers finished in a feedlot. Fifty-four Zebu heifers weighing 397 ± 29.1 kg were used in a randomised complete block design with three treatments and six blocks (i.e. 18 pens with 3 heifers per pen). Treatments were as follows: (1) control (C; no supplement); (2) zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 60 mg per heifer per day); and (3) ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 300 mg per heifer per day). The β-AA were added to the diets during the final 33 days of the finishing period, after which the heifers were immediately slaughtered. Relative to C, average daily gain and gain : feed ratio were improved (P < 0.05) in heifers supplemented with ZH, but not in those supplemented with RH. Feed intake in C heifers was lower (P < 0.05) than in ZH heifers, but similar (P > 0.05) to RH heifers. The hot carcass weight showed a trend to be heavier (P = 0.096) in ZH than in C heifers. However, Longissimus dorsi (LM) area was increased (P < 0.05) by ZH (73.94 cm2), but RH (70.45 cm2) and C (66.3 cm2) groups had a similar (P > 0.05) LM area. The meat from the ZH- and RH-supplemented heifers had higher Warner–Bratzler shear-force values (P < 0.01) than that from C heifers (ZH = 5.11; RH = 5.50; C = 4.89 kg/cm2), and the meat from RH-supplemented heifers was classified as ‘tough’. Variables associated with meat colour indicated that ZH led to a lower b* average, which was related to a lighter LM area than in C. In general, feedlot performance was enhanced only by the β-AA ZH, with meat tenderness from RH heifers classified as ‘tough’. Meat colour was not altered by β-AA supplementation. These data suggested that while ZH supplementation to Bos indicus heifers offered advantages in feedlot performance and some carcass traits, RH supplementation did not positively affect these biological responses.
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Cônsolo NRB, Ferrari VB, Mesquita LG, Goulart RS, Silva LFPE. Zilpaterol hydrochloride improves beef yield, changes palatability traits, and increases calpain-calpastatin gene expression in Nellore heifers. Meat Sci 2016; 121:375-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Knobel-Graves SM, Brooks JC, Johnson BJ, Starkey JD, Beckett JL, Hodgen JM, Hutcheson JP, Streeter MN, Thomas CL, Rathmann RJ, Garmyn AJ, Miller MF. Effect of vitamin D3, zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation, and postmortem aging on shear force measurements of three muscles in finishing beef steers1,2. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2637-47. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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van der Meijden K, Bravenboer N, Dirks NF, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Wit GMJ, Offringa C, Lips P, Jaspers RT. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Myotube Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2517-28. [PMID: 27018098 PMCID: PMC5111790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adequate vitamin D status is essential to optimize muscle strength. However, whether vitamin D directly reduces muscle fiber atrophy or stimulates muscle fiber hypertrophy remains subject of debate. A mechanism that may affect the role of vitamin D in the regulation of muscle fiber size is the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2 D by 1α-hydroxylase. Therefore, we investigated in a murine C2C12 myoblast culture whether both 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 affect myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size and whether these cells are able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . We show that myoblasts not only responded to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , but also to the precursor 25(OH)D3 by increasing their VDR mRNA expression and reducing their proliferation. In differentiating myoblasts and myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 as well as 25(OH)D3 stimulated VDR mRNA expression and in myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 also stimulated MHC mRNA expression. However, this occurred without notable effects on myotube size. Moreover, no effects on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels were observed. Interestingly, both myoblasts and myotubes expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA which are required for vitamin D3 metabolism. Although 1α-hydroxylase activity could not be shown in myotubes, after treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or 25(OH)D3 myotubes showed strongly elevated CYP24 mRNA levels compared to untreated cells. Moreover, myotubes were able to convert 25(OH)D3 to 24R,25(OH)2 D3 which may play a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that skeletal muscle is not only a direct target for vitamin D3 metabolites, but is also able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2517-2528, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Offringa
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Hu L, Yin X, Chu H, Zheng G. Effects of early enteral micro-feeding on neonatal serum Vitamin D levels. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 31:1476-80. [PMID: 26870119 PMCID: PMC4744304 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.316.8886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of early enteral micro-feeding on neonatal serum vitamin D levels, and to analyze the application value of glutamine. Methods: One hundred ninty neonates enrolled in intensive care unit were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group (n=95) that were both given enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Meanwhile, the treatment group was fed formula milk containing 0.3 g/(kg·d) glutamine as enteral nutrition support for 14 days. Results: The weight of the treatment group increased significantly faster than that of the control group did (P<0.05). The treatment group had significantly higher milk amount and calorie intake than those of the control group (P<0.05), and neonates in the treatment group who reached calorie intake of 50/80/100 kcal/kg/d were significantly younger (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the treatment group was significantly less prone to feeding intolerance than the control group (P<0.05). After 14 days of feeding, the serum motilin, gastrin and vitamin D levels of both groups all increased, with significant intra-group and inter-group differences. Such levels of the treatment group significantly exceeded those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementing early enteral micro-feeding with glutamine promoted the absorption of neonatal routine nutrients and vitamin D, obviously regulated gastrointestinal hormones, and elevated weight as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Liang Hu, Child's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Xiangdang Yin
- Xiangdang Yin, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Haifeng Chu
- Haifeng Chu, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guangli Zheng
- Guangli Zheng, Child's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun 130051, China
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Costa e Silva LF, de Campos Valadares Filho S, Engle TE, Rotta PP, Marcondes MI, Silva FAS, Martins EC, Tokunaga AT. Macrominerals and Trace Element Requirements for Beef Cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144464. [PMID: 26657049 PMCID: PMC4681427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty-seven Nellore animals were utilized in this study to estimate net requirements for the maintenance and growth of beef cattle as well as the retention coefficients of 13 minerals: macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Co, and Cr). The net requirements for maintenance and the true retention coefficient were estimated by using the regression between apparent retention and intake for each mineral. The net requirement for maintenance (μg/kg BW) and retention coefficients (%) were 163 and 85 for Cu, 2,097 and 53 for Fe, 32.3 and 24 for Mn, 3.72 and 48 for Se, 669 and 0.80 for Zn, 18.4 and 86 for Co, and 22.9 and 78 for Cr. The dietary requirements of macrominerals (g/kg DMI) were 5.12 for Ca, 2.38 for P, 0.96 for Mg, 2.40 for K, 0.79 for Na, and 1.47 for S. This is the first study using Nellore cattle to estimate mineral requirements; considering that Nellore cattle are the most common breed in Brazil and that Brazil is a major beef producer globally, this knowledge can help producers to improve animal performance by supplying the correct amount of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Terry Eugene Engle
- Colorado State University, Animal Science Department, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Polyana Pizzi Rotta
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Korn KT, Lemenager RP, Claeys MC, Engstrom M, Schoonmaker JP. Supplemental vitamin D3 and zilpaterol hydrochloride. I. Effect on performance, carcass traits, tenderness, and vitamin D metabolites of feedlot steers1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3322-31. [PMID: 23798522 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Korn
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R. P. Lemenager
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M. C. Claeys
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M. Engstrom
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - J. P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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