1
|
Wu LT, Tan LM, You CY, Lan TY, Li WX, Xu YT, Ren ZX, Ding Q, Zhou CY, Tang ZR, Sun WZ, Sun ZH. Effects of dietary niacinamide and CP concentrations on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100869. [PMID: 37390624 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the dietary CP concentration in the formulation of low-protein diets without adverse effects on animal growth performance and meat quality remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed low-protein diets. To measure the nitrogen balance, we conducted two trials: in nitrogen balance trial 1, four crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and periods. The diets consisted of a basal diet + 30 mg/kg NAM (a control dose), basal diet + 90 mg/kg NAM, basal diet + 210 mg/kg NAM, and basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. In nitrogen balance trial 2, another four barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The diets consisted of a basal diet + including 30 mg/kg NAM (control), basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM, low-protein diet + 30 mg/kg NAM, and low-protein diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. To measure growth performance, two trials were conducted. In growth performance trial 1, 40 barrows (37.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments (n = 10 per group), whereas in growth performance trial 2, 300 barrows (41.4 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, with each dietary treatment conducted in five repetitions with 15 pigs each. The four diets in the two growth performance trials were similar to those in nitrogen balance trial 2. Supplementing the diet with 210 or 360 mg/kg NAM reduced urinary nitrogen excretion and total nitrogen excretion and increased nitrogen retention comparted with the control diet (P < 0.05). Compared with the control diet, the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM reduced faecal, urinary, and total nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05) without affecting nitrogen retention and average daily gain (P > 0.05). Pigs fed the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM showed a decreased intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis muscle when compared with pigs fed the control diet (P > 0.05). Our results suggest NAM as a suitable dietary additive to reduce dietary CP concentration, maximise nitrogen retention and growth performance, and decrease fat deposition in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - L M Tan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y You
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - T Y Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W X Li
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Y T Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z X Ren
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Q Ding
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z R Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W Z Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z H Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
CHAUDHARY SANDEEPK, DUTTA NARAYAN, JADHAV SE, PATTANAIK AK. Effect of customised supplement on haemato-biochemical profile, serum minerals, metabolic hormones, antioxidant capacity and gene expression in crossbred calves. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v93i2.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Present experiment examined the supplementary effect of a tailor-made supplement to farmers’-based diet in crossbred calves. Male crossbred calves (15) were randomly allocated in 3 dietary treatments consisting of 5 calves in each. The dietary treatments were: Control- cereal straw-based diet with concentrate mixture as per the farmers’ practices; CS (customised supplement)- control diet with additional customised supplement @ 0.25% of BW; SD-standard diet. Serum glucose was higher in SD than control, however, CS had an intermediate response. The serum macro (Ca and i-P) and trace (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) minerals were higher in SD and CS than control. The serum T3 and T4 hormones were significantly higher in SD and CS than control group. The serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly higher in SD than control groups, however, SD had an intermediate position. The total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was significantly higher in SD and CS than control group. The relative mRNA expression of cytokines, viz. IL-2 and IL-4 was significantly higher in SD and CS than control group. The relative mRNA expression of leptin (LEP) was significantly higher and ghrelin (GHRL) was significantly lower in SD than control group, however, CS had a transitional position. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of the customised supplement (@ 0.25% BW) to farmers’-based diet significantly improved the serum glucose concentration, metabolic hormone profile, antioxidant capacity and relative mRNA expression of cytokines and genes involved in energy metabolism in crossbred calves.
Collapse
|
3
|
Net Conversion of Human-Edible Vitamins and Minerals in the U.S. Southern Great Plains Beef Production System. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172170. [PMID: 36077891 PMCID: PMC9454978 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is a good source of several vitamins and minerals but data on the net contribution to the human diet is lacking. The objective was to quantify the net nutrient contribution of the beef supply chain to provide vitamins and minerals to the human diet. Beef cattle production parameters for the beef supply chain were as described by Baber et al., 2018 with the red and organ meat yield from each production segment estimated using literature values of serially-harvested beef cattle. Nutrient concentration of feeds was acquired from feed composition tables in nutrient requirement texts, and the nutrient concentration of beef and organ meats was based on 2018 USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. The nutrient absorption coefficients of feeds, red meat, and organs were acquired from the literature. The human-edible conversion ratio was >1.0 for phosphorus when only red meat yield was considered indicating that the beef supply chain produced more human-edible phosphorus than it consumed. When organ meats were included, riboflavin, niacin, choline, and phosphorus had conversion ratios >1.0. After adjusting for the absorption of nutrients, the beef supply chain was a net contributor of niacin and phosphorus in the human diet when accounting for red meat yield only, but when including organ meats, iron, riboflavin, and choline also had conversion ratios >1.0. The maximum proportion of corn in the corn grain plus distillers’ grains component of the feedlot diets for the absorbable conversion ratio to be ≥1 ranged from 8.34 to 100.00% when only red meat yield was considered and from 32.02 to 100.00% when red and organ meats were considered. In conclusion, the current beef production system in the Southern Great Plains produces more human-absorbable iron, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin, and choline to the human diet than is consumed in the beef supply chain.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cordova-Torres AV, Guerra RR, Filho JTDA, Medeiros AN, Costa RG, Ribeiro NL, Bezerra LR. Effect of water deprivation and increasing levels of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) cladodes in the diet of growing lambs on intake, growth performance and ruminal and intestinal morphometric changes. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Lage HF, Borges ALDCC, Silva RRE, Borges AM, Ruas JRM, de Carvalho PHA, da Fonseca MP, Vivenza PAD, Gonçalves LC, de Souza AS, de Carvalho AÚ, Facury Filho EJ, Silva EA, da Glória JR, Ferreira AL, Meneses RM, Saliba EDOS. Energy metabolism of pregnant zebu and crossbred zebu dairy cattle. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246208. [PMID: 33539434 PMCID: PMC7861432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the energy partition of pregnant F1 Holstein x Gyr with average initial body weight (BW) of 515.6 kg and Gyr cows with average initial BW of 435.1 kg at 180, 210 and 240 days of gestation, obtained using respirometry. Twelve animals in two groups (six per genetic group) received a restricted diet equivalent to 1.3 times the net energy for maintenance (NEm). The proportion of gross energy intake (GEI) lost as feces did not differ between the evaluated breeds and corresponded to 28.65% on average. The daily methane production (L/d) was greater for (P<0.05) F1 HxG compared to Gyr animals. However, when expressed as L/kg dry matter (DM) or as percentage of GEI there were no differences between the groups (P>0.05). The daily loss of energy as urine (mean of 1.42 Mcal/d) did not differ (P>0.05) between groups and ranged from 3.87 to 5.35% of the GEI. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of F1 HxG animals was greater (P < 0.05) at all gestational stages compared to Gyr cows when expressed in Mcal/d. However, when expressed in kcal/kg of metabolic BW (BW0,75), the F1 HxG cows had MEI 11% greater (P<0.05) at 240 days of gestation and averaged 194.39 kcal/kg of BW0,75. Gyr cows showed no change in MEI over time (P>0.05), with a mean of 146.66 kcal/kg BW0. 75. The ME used by the conceptus was calculated by deducting the metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) from the MEI, which was obtained in a previous study using the same cows prior to becoming pregnant. The values of NEm obtained in the previous study with similar non-pregnant cows were 92.02 kcal/kg BW0.75 for F1 HxG, and 76.83 kcal/kg BW0.75 for Gyr (P = 0.06). The average ME for pregnancy (MEp) was 5.33 Mcal/d for F1 HxG and 4.46 Mcal/d for Gyr. The metabolizability ratio, averaging 0.60, was similar among the evaluated groups (P>0.05). The ME / Digestible Energy (DE) ratio differed between groups and periods evaluated (P<0.05) with a mean of 0.84. The heat increment (HI) accounted for 22.74% and 24.38% of the GEI for F1 HxG and Gyr cows, respectively. The proportion of GEI used in the basal metabolism by pregnant cows in this study represented 29.69%. However, there were no differences between the breeds and the evaluation periods and corresponded to 29.69%. The mean NE for pregnancy (NEp) was 2.76 Mcal/d and did not differ between groups and gestational stages (P>0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira Lage
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Reis e Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Maia Borges
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Santos de Souza
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Joana Ribeiro da Glória
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lima Ferreira
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Melo Meneses
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin Z, Li M, Wang YS, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part I: Cattle and swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:385-420. [PMID: 32270548 PMCID: PMC7540321 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals. Physiological parameters such as organ weights and blood flows are an important component of a PBPK model. The objective of this study was to compile PBPK‐related physiological parameter data in food animals, including cattle and swine. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Relevant literature was reviewed and tables of relevant parameters such as relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output) were compiled for different production classes of cattle and swine. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated to characterize their variability and uncertainty and to allow investigators to conduct population PBPK analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Regression equations using weight or age were created for parameters having sufficient data. These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal‐derived food safety assessment. This work also provides a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yu-Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moura FHD, Costa TC, Trece AS, Melo LPD, Manso MR, Paulino MF, Rennó LN, Fonseca MA, Detmann E, Gionbelli MP, Duarte MDS. Effects of energy-protein supplementation frequency on performance of primiparous grazing beef cows during pre and postpartum. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1430-1443. [PMID: 32106648 PMCID: PMC7468163 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Twenty-four pregnant Nellore primiparous grazing cows were used to evaluate the effects of energy-protein supplementation and supplementation frequency during pre (105 d before calving) and postpartum (105 d after calving) on performance and metabolic characteristics. Methods Experimental treatments consisted of a control (no supplementation), daily supplementation (1.5 kg/d of concentrate/animal) and infrequent supplementation (4.5 kg of concentrate/animal every three days). During the pre and postpartum periods, concentrations of blood metabolites and animal performance were evaluated. Ureagenesis and energy metabolism markers were evaluated at prepartum period. Results Supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits during pre and postpartum. The BW (p = 0.079), adjusted BW at day of parturition (p = 0.078), and ADG (p = 0.074) were greater for supplemented cows during the prepartum. The body condition score (BCS; p = 0.251), and carcass traits (p>0.10) were not affected by supplementation during prepartum. On postpartum, supplementation did not affect animal performance and carcass traits (p>0.10). The dry mater intake was not affected (p>0.10) by supplementation and supplementation frequency throughout the experimental period. Daily supplemented animals had greater (p<0.001) glucose levels than animals supplemented every three days. Supplementation and supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) the levels of blood metabolites, neither the abundance of ureagenesis nor energy metabolism markers. Conclusion In summary, our data show that the reduction of supplementation frequency does not cause negative impacts on performance and metabolic characteristics of primiparous grazing cows during the prepartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís Correia Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.,Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Souza Trece
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Rocha Manso
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Mário Fonseca Paulino
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Mozart Alves Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Edenio Detmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus Pies Gionbelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio de Souza Duarte
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.,Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baldassini W, Ramsey J, Branco R, Bonilha S, Chiaratti M, Chaves A, Lanna D. Estimated heat production, blood parameters and mitochondrial DNA copy number of Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) with high and low residual feed intake. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Paradis F, Wood KM, Swanson KC, Miller SP, McBride BW, Fitzsimmons C. Maternal nutrient restriction in mid-to-late gestation influences fetal mRNA expression in muscle tissues in beef cattle. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:632. [PMID: 28821223 PMCID: PMC5562975 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manipulating maternal nutrition during specific periods of gestation can result in re-programming of fetal and post-natal development. In this experiment we investigated how a feed restriction of 85% compared with 140% of total metabolizable energy requirements, fed to cows during mid-to-late gestation, influences phenotypic development of fetuses and mRNA expression of growth (Insulin-Like Growth Factor family and Insulin Receptor (INSR)), myogenic (Myogenic Differentiation 1 (MYOD1), Myogenin (MYOG), Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A (MEF2A), Serum Response Factor (SRF)) and adipogenic (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG)) genes in fetal longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscle. DNA methylation of imprinted genes, Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) and Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor (IGF2R), and micro RNA (miRNA) expression, were also examined as potential consequences of poor maternal nutrition, but also potential regulators of altered gene expression patterns. RESULTS While the nutrient restriction impacted dam body weight, no differences were observed in phenotypic fetal measurements (weight, crown-rump length, or thorax circumference). Interestingly, LD and ST muscles responded differently to the differential pre-natal nutrient levels. While LD muscle of restricted fetal calves had greater mRNA abundances for Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 and its receptor (IGF1 and IGF1R), IGF2R, INSR, MYOD1, MYOG, and PPARG, no significant differences were observed for gene expression in ST muscle. Similarly, feed restriction had a greater impact on the methylation level of IGF2 Differentially Methylated Region 2 (DMR2) in LD muscle as compared to ST muscle between treatment groups. A negative correlation existed between IGF2 mRNA expression and IGF2 DMR2 methylation level in both LD and ST muscles. Differential expression of miRNAs 1 and 133a were also detected in LD muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that a nutrient restriction of 85% as compared to 140% of total metabolizable energy requirements during the 2nd half of gestation can alter the expression of growth, myogenic and adipogenic genes in fetal muscle without apparent differences in fetal phenotype. It also appears that the impact of feed restriction varies between muscles suggesting a priority for nutrient partitioning depending on muscle function and/or fiber composition. Differences in the methylation level in IGF2, a well-known imprinted gene, as well as differences in miRNA expression, may be functional mechanisms that precede the differences in gene expression observed, and could lead to trans-generational epigenetic programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Paradis
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Katie M Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | | | - Brian W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture-Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2C8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koch F, Lamp O, Eslamizad M, Weitzel J, Kuhla B. Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160912. [PMID: 27513961 PMCID: PMC4981427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate changes lead to rising temperatures during summer periods and dramatic economic losses in dairy production. Modern high-yielding dairy cows experience severe metabolic stress during the transition period between late gestation and early lactation to meet the high energy and nutrient requirements of the fetus or the mammary gland, and additional thermal stress during this time has adverse implications on metabolism and welfare. The mechanisms enabling metabolic adaptation to heat apart from the decline in feed intake and milk yield are not fully elucidated yet. To distinguish between feed intake and heat stress related effects, German Holstein dairy cows were first kept at thermoneutral conditions at 15°C followed by exposure to heat-stressed (HS) at 28°C or pair-feeding (PF) at 15°C for 6 days; in late-pregnancy and again in early lactation. Liver and muscle biopsies and plasma samples were taken to assess major metabolic pathway regulation using real-time PCR and Western Blot. The results indicate that during heat stress, late pregnant cows activate Cahill but reduce Cori cycling, prevent increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and utilize increased amounts of pyruvate for gluconeogenesis, without altering ureagenesis despite reduced plane of nutrition. These homeorhetic adaptations are employed to reduce endogenous heat production while diverting amino acids to the growing fetus. Metabolic adaptation to heat stress in early lactation involves increased long-chain fatty acid degradation in muscle peroxisomes, allowance for muscle glucose utilization but diminished hepatic use of amino acid-derived pyruvate for gluconeogenesis and reduced peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ATP production in liver of HS compared to PF cows in early lactation. Consequently, metabolic adaptation to heat stress and reduced feed intake differ between late pregnancy and early lactation of dairy cows to maintain energy supply for fetus development or milk production simultaneously reducing endogenous heat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ole Lamp
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Schleswig Holstein Chamber of Agriculture, Department of Animal production, Futterkamp, Blekendorf, Germany
| | - Mehdi Eslamizad
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Department of Animal Science, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joachim Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nutrient restriction and realimentation in beef cows during early and mid-gestation and maternal and fetal hepatic and small intestinal in vitro oxygen consumption. Animal 2016; 10:829-37. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
12
|
Rotta P, Filho S, Gionbelli T, Costa e Silva L, Engle T, Marcondes M, Campos M, Menezes A, Lobo A. Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3211-23. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Wood KM, Montanholi YR, Fitzsimmons CF, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Characterization and evaluation of residual feed intake measured in mid- to late-gestation mature beef cows and relationships with circulating serum metabolites and linear body measurements. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Y. R. Montanholi
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - C. F. Fitzsimmons
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B. W. McBride
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| |
Collapse
|