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Ma XT, Liu X, Ou K, Yang L. Construction of an immune-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:919-932. [PMID: 38577455 PMCID: PMC10989356 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for patients with gastric cancer (GC) continue to improve, but the overall prognosis is poor. The use of PD-1 inhibitors has also brought benefits to patients with advanced GC and has gradually become the new standard treatment option at present, and there is an urgent need to identify valuable biomarkers to classify patients with different characteristics into subgroups. AIM To determined the effects of differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) on the development, prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and treatment response among GC patients with the expectation of providing new biomarkers for personalized treatment of GC populations. METHODS Gene expression data and clinical pathologic information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and immune-related genes (IRGs) were searched from ImmPort. DEIRGs were extracted from the intersection of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and IRGs lists. The enrichment pathways of key genes were obtained by analyzing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. To identify genes associated with prognosis, a tumor risk score model based on DEIRGs was constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and multivariate Cox regression. The tumor risk score was divided into high- and low-risk groups. The entire cohort was randomly divided into a 2:1 training cohort and a test cohort for internal validation to assess the feasibility of the risk model. The infiltration of immune cells was obtained using 'CIBERSORT,' and the infiltration of immune subgroups in high- and low-risk groups was analyzed. The GC immune score data were obtained and the difference in immune scores between the two groups was analyzed. RESULTS We collected 412 GC and 36 adjacent tissue samples, and identified 3627 DEGs and 1311 IRGs. A total of 482 DEIRGs were obtained. GO analysis showed that DEIRGs were mainly distributed in immunoglobulin complexes, receptor ligand activity, and signaling receptor activators. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the top three DEIRGs enrichment types were cytokine-cytokine receptors, neuroactive ligand receptor interactions, and viral protein interactions. We ultimately obtained an immune-related signature based on 10 genes, including 9 risk genes (LCN1, LEAP2, TMSB15A mRNA, DEFB126, PI15, IGHD3-16, IGLV3-22, CGB5, and GLP2R) and 1 protective gene (LGR6). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and risk curves confirmed that the risk model had good predictive ability. Multivariate COX analysis showed that age, stage, and risk score were independent prognostic factors for patients with GC. Meanwhile, patients in the low-risk group had higher tumor mutation burden and immunophenotype, which can be used to predict the immune checkpoint inhibitor response. Both cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen4+ and programmed death 1+ patients with lower risk scores were more sensitive to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION In this study a new prognostic model consisting of 10 DEIRGs was constructed based on the TME. By providing risk factor analysis and prognostic information, our risk model can provide new directions for immunotherapy in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kai Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Nakazawa N, Sohda M, Yamaguchi A, Watanabe T, Saito H, Ubukata Y, Kuriyama K, Sano A, Sakai M, Ogawa H, Shirabe K, Saeki H. Preoperative Risk Factors and Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Complications Associated with Total Gastrectomy. Digestion 2022; 103:397-403. [PMID: 35724642 DOI: 10.1159/000525356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the risk factors for patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing total gastrectomy (TG) that predict postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, postoperative pneumonia, and heart disease. METHODS We collected 106 patients who received TG for GC between May 2009 and May 2017 at Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, including clinicopathologic, surgical, postoperative complication, laboratory test, and physiologic test data. RESULTS Of 106 patients, 92 (86.8%) had no complications, and 14 (13.2%) had complications. Univariate analyses revealed that a high American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of ≥3.5 significantly correlated with postoperative complications. Multivariate analyses showed that high ASA-PS was an independent prognostic factor of postoperative complications. The cancer recurrence rate was 34.8% in the noncomplication group and 71.4% in the complication group. CONCLUSION Patients with postoperative complications are prone to recurrence and poor prognosis. For patients with high-risk GC with poor ASA-PS and high NLR, more thorough perioperative management is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan,
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ubukata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kuriyama
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Nishibeppu K, Sakuramoto S, Matsui K, Ebara G, Fujita S, Fujihata S, Oya S, Lee S, Miyawaki Y, Sugita H, Sato H, Yamashita K. Dismal prognosis of elderly gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 3. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:3413-3421. [PMID: 36066671 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3 is relatively common in elderly patients, there have been few debates on the indications for gastrectomy in elderly gastric cancer (GC) patients with ASA3. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gastrectomy's clinical relevance in elderly patients with GC and ASA3. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 228 consecutive elderly GC patients (aged ≥ 75 years) without prior treatments who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2013 and 2017. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with ASA3 showed significantly poorer prognosis than those with ASA1 and 2 (p = 0.004). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that ASA3 (p = 0.021) and pStage (p = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors, respectively. Elderly GC patients with pStage III and ASA3 exhibited uniquely dismal prognosis (p < 0.001); however, several survivors were still confirmed. Postoperative complications (PCs) were only the final remnant independent prognostic factor (p = 0.020) among the 33 elderly GC patients with ASA3, where dead patients included cancer-specific and other deaths, especially pneumonia. PCs were independently associated with prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (< 42.7) in elderly GC patients, and the most frequent complication was pneumonia, which was significantly associated with ASA3 and marginally associated with PNI in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS ASA3 has a dismal prognosis after curative gastrectomy in the elderly GC patients, but the number of survivors was confirmed. Curative gastrectomy is not considered contraindicated even in elderly GC with ASA3. Preoperative malnutrition is associated with PCs, which proposing preoperative nutritional intervention in the context of treatment strategy for the elderly GC patients with ASA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Nishibeppu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Sakuramoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsui
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Gen Ebara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujihata
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Oya
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Seigi Lee
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyawaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sugita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
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Li X, He J, Yu M, Zhang W, Sun J. [BUB1 gene is highly expressed in gastric cancer:analysis based on Oncomine database and bioinformatics]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:683-692. [PMID: 32897212 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of BUB1 gene in gastric cancer. METHODS Oncomine, GEPIA, BioGPS and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were used to analyze the difference of BUB1 gene expression between gastric cancer tissue and normal gastric tissue. The association of BUB1 expression level with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients was also analyzed. The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) was explored to analyze the expression of BUB1 in T cells and B cells in gastric cancer patients, and the String database was used to generate the network map of BUB1-related proteins and functional annotation of gene ontology (GO). The related pathways of KEGG were analyzed. Tumor immune assessment resource (TIMER) database was used to analyze the expression of BUB1 in immune infiltration and its effect on prognosis of gastric cancer patients. To further verify the results of gene chip analysis in Oncomine database, we collected 30 pairs of surgical specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissues from patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from March, 2018 to July, 2019. The results of BUB1 gene expression in Oncomine database were verified by PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Oncomine, GEPIA and BioGPS analyses showed that BUB1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer compared with normal gastric tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the progression-free survival time (HR=0.52, 95% CI:0.41-0.67, P < 0.05) and the overall survival time (HR=0.67, 95% CI:0.55-0.82, P < 0.05) were prolonged in gastric cancer patients with a high expression of BUB1. Through String data collection, BUB1-related proteins were mainly enriched in 13 cellular components, 4 molecular functions and 12 biological processes, involving 4 signal pathways. TIMER database analysis showed that CD4+ T cells and macrophages with high expressions of BUB1 mRNA in the immune microenvironment were associated with a favorable 5-year survival outcome of patients with gastric cancer. In the surgical specimens, real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of BUB1 mRNA was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in the adjacent gastric mucosa tissues, and immunohistochemical results demonstrated positive BUB1 staining in the gastric cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS BUB1 gene is highly expressed in gastric cancer. BUB1 may reduce tumor immunosuppression and helps to evaluate the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Mi Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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