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Virdi V, Juarez P, Boudolf V, Depicker A. Recombinant IgA production for mucosal passive immunization, advancing beyond the hurdles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:535-45. [PMID: 26511868 PMCID: PMC11108522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a successful strategy to proactively develop immunity to a certain pathogen, but most vaccines fail to trigger a specific immune response at the mucosal surfaces, which are the first port of entry for infectious agents. At the mucosal surfaces, the predominant immunoglobulin is secretory IgA (SIgA) that specifically neutralizes viruses and prevents bacterial colonization. Mucosal passive immunization, i.e. the application of pathogen-specific SIgAs at the mucosae, can be an effective alternative to achieve mucosal protection. However, this approach is not straightforward, mainly because SIgAs are difficult to obtain from convalescent sources, while recombinant SIgA production is challenging due to its complex structure. This review provides an overview of manufacturing difficulties presented by the unique structural diversity of SIgAs, and the innovative solutions being explored for SIgA production in mammalian and plant expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Virdi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paloma Juarez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kaur K, Kaur S, Prabha V. Exploitation of sperm-Escherichia coli interaction at the receptor-ligand level for the development of anti-receptor antibodies as the vaginal contraceptive. Andrology 2014; 3:385-94. [PMID: 25380035 DOI: 10.1111/andr.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier work performed in our laboratory, we have been able to isolate a sperm receptor (SR) from human spermatozoa playing critical role in fertilization using sperm--E. coli interactions at the receptor-ligand level. It has been hypothesized that for the development of an immunocontraceptive, antibodies generated against the SR should have the ability to impair sperm parameters. In this league, an attempt was made to generate anti-SR antibodies and their effect on sperm parameters such as motility, viability, Mg(2+) -dependent ATPase activity, acrosome status, and apoptotic index was examined. Loss of sperm motility was observed with 100% agglutination. Interaction of anti-SR antibodies with spermatozoa resulted in reduced Mg(2+) -dependent ATPase activity (1020 ± 0.53%), premature acrosomal loss (61.5 ± 0.67%) as well as induced apoptosis (58.76 ± 2.5%). The induction of sperm damage was specifically because of anti-SR polyclonal antibodies as it could be mitigated by the addition of purified SR. Further, when in vivo efficacy of anti-SR antibodies was checked, results showed that a single intravaginal administration with anti-SR antibodies in female BALB/c mice led to the failure of conception. However, simultaneous administration of SR with anti-SR polyclonal antibodies resulted in sustenance of fertility. Infertility induced by anti-SR antibodies did not show any other tissue pathology; hence the present work highlights the potential of anti-SR polyclonal antibodies to be used as a vaginal contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Kaur K, Prabha V. Immunocontraceptives: new approaches to fertility control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:868196. [PMID: 25110702 PMCID: PMC4119744 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing global population has bowed the attention of family planning and associated reproductive health programmes in the direction of providing a safe and reliable method which can be used to limit family size. The world population is estimated to exceed a phenomenal 10 billion by the year 2050 A.D., thus presenting a real jeopardy of overpopulation with severe implications for the future. Despite the availability of contraceptive methods, there are over one million elective abortions globally each year due to unintended pregnancies, having devastating impact on reproductive health of women worldwide. This highlights the need for the development of newer and improved contraceptive methods. A novel contraceptive approach that is gaining substantial attention is "immunocontraception" targeting gamete production, gamete outcome, or gamete function. Amongst these, use of sperm antigens (gamete function) seems to be an exciting and feasible approach. However, the variability of immune response and time lag to attain titer among vaccinated individuals after active immunization has highlighted the potential relevance of preformed antibodies in this league. This review is an attempt to analyze the current status and progress of immunocontraceptive approaches with respect to their establishment as a future fertility control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Abstract
This is a review of current status and future perspectives on the development of antisperm contraceptive vaccines (CV) and immunocontraceptives. The development of antisperm CV is an exciting proposition. There is a strong rationale and recent data indicating that this proposition can translate into reality. The search for novel sperm-specific antigens/genes, that can be used for CV, continues using various recent developing technologies. Various approaches of proteomics, genomics, reproductive biology, mucosal immunity and vaccinology and several novel technologies such as gene knockout technology, phage display technology, antibody engineering, differential display technique, subtractive hybridization, and hybridoma technology are being used to delineate sperm-specific antigens and construct CV. Various sperm antigens/genes have been delineated, cloned, and sequenced from various laboratories. Vaccination with these sperm antigens (recombinant/synthetic peptide/DNA) causes a reversible contraceptive effect in females and males of various animal species, by inducing a systemic and local antisperm antibody response. The efficacy is enhanced by combination vaccination, including peptides based on various sperm antigens. Several human novel scFv antibodies with unique complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), that react with specific well-defined fertility-related sperm antigens, have been synthesized. These human infertility-related antibodies may find application in the development of novel immunocontraceptives. Besides finding the novel sperm antigens, the present and future focus is on enhancing the immunogenicity, bioefficacy, and on obliterating the inter-individual variability of the immune response, and proceeding for primate and human clinical trials. Multi-epitope vaccines combining sperm proteins involved in various steps of fertilization cascade have been found to enhance the immunogenicity and bioefficacy of the contraceptive effect. The in vitro synthesis of infertility-related human scFv antibodies may provide unique once-a-month immunocontraceptives, the first of its kind, for human use. The multi-epitope CV and preformed engineered human antibodies of defined specificity may obliterate the concern related to inter-individual variability of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Naz
- Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9186, USA.
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Cruz LJ, Rueda F, Cordobilla B, Simón L, Hosta L, Albericio F, Domingo JC. Targeting Nanosystems to Human DCs via Fc Receptor as an Effective Strategy to Deliver Antigen for Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:104-16. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Rueda
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Simón
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Hosta
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The world's population is growing at a tremendous rate, affecting growth and development. Apart from this population growth, unintended pregnancies resulting in elective abortions continue to be a major public health issue. In over half of these unintended pregnancies, the women have used some type of contraception. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better method of contraception that is acceptable, effective and available. The contraceptive choices available to women at this time include steroid contraceptives, intrauterine devices, barrier methods, spermicides, natural family planning, male and female sterilisation, and recently available emergency contraceptives. Contraceptive vaccines (CVs) may provide viable and valuable alternatives that can fulfill most, if not all, properties of an ideal contraceptive. Since both the developed and most of the developing nations have an infrastructure for mass immunisation, the development of vaccines for contraception is an exciting proposition. The molecules that are being explored for CV development either target gamete production (gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone), gamete function (zona pellucida [ZP] proteins and sperm antigens) or gamete outcome (human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]). Disadvantages of CVs targeting gamete production are that they affect sex steroids and/or show only a partial effect in reducing fertility. CVs targeting gamete function are better choices. Vaccines based on ZP proteins are quite efficacious in producing contraceptive effects. However, they invariably induce oophoritis affecting sex steroids. Sperm antigens constitute the most promising and exciting targets for CVs. Several sperm-specific antigens have been delineated in several laboratories and are being actively explored for CV development. Antisperm antibody-mediated immunoinfertility provides a naturally occurring model to indicate how an antisperm vaccine will work in humans. Vaccines targeting gamete outcome primarily focus on the hCG molecule. The hCG vaccine is the first vaccine to undergo phase I and II clinical trials in humans. Both the efficacy and the lack of immunotoxicity have been reasonably well demonstrated for this vaccine. The present studies focus on increasing the immunogenicity and efficacy of this birth control vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Naz
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614-5806, USA.
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