1
|
Zimmerman M, Schramme M, Eberlé O, Drumond B, Carter J, Carter‐Arnold J, Thomas‐Cancian A, Ségard‐Weisse E. Low‐field MRI findings and follow‐up of central tarsal bone fractures in four non‐racehorses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Zimmerman
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
- Via Nova Equine Services Bree Belgium
| | - Michael Schramme
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
| | - Olivia Eberlé
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
| | - Bianca Drumond
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
| | - Joe Carter
- Oklahoma Equine Hospital Washington Oklahoma USA
| | | | - Aurelie Thomas‐Cancian
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
| | - Emilie Ségard‐Weisse
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of Clinical Science VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus University of Lyon Marcy l’Etoile France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garrett KS. When radiography and ultrasonography are not enough: the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for equine lameness cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1113-1123. [PMID: 35544423 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MRI and CT have enhanced our diagnostic abilities for equine lameness beyond what is available using radiography and ultrasonography. This has allowed veterinarians to better prognosticate and treat lameness conditions, improving patient outcomes. This article discusses the basic principles behind MRI and CT, their advantages and disadvantages, the different types of equipment available for clinical use in horses, the typical diagnostic workup prior to pursuing advanced imaging, and common regions where MRI and CT are used clinically. The companion Currents in One Health by Spriet, AJVR, July 2022, discusses even more advanced equine imaging in the form of positron emission tomography. Combined, these future directions of MRI, CT, and positron emission tomography may include improved ability to image standing horses or screen for injury prevention.
Collapse
|
3
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Proximal Metacarpal Region of 359 Horses and Proximal Metatarsal Region of 64 Horses Acquired Under Standing Sedation. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103268. [PMID: 33077090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Standing magnetic resonance (MR) images of proximal metacarpal/metatarsal regions are increasingly being acquired. This study aimed at describing ranges of abnormalities detected in sport/racehorses, using retrospective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports from horses with lameness isolated to proximal metacarpal/metatarsal regions with images acquired standing. It was hypothesized that MRI features are different between metacarpal and metatarsal regions and between horses doing different sports. Reports from 359 forelimbs and 64 hindlimbs were included. Palmar/plantar metacarpal/metatarsal bone injury and suspensory desmopathy, which often occurred concurrently, were most frequently reported. Third metacarpal abnormalities were more likely at palmar/medial locations, including cortical (86.4%) and trabecular (38.2%) pathology with frequent thickening, irregularity, and periosteal/endosteal abnormalities. Fluid signal was reported in cortical (38.7%) and trabecular (22.6%) bone. Medial intermetacarpal articulation abnormalities were more frequently reported (52.5%) than lateral. Suspensory ligament pathology was reported in 83.8% forelimbs, frequently with cortical (74.1%) or trabecular (32.9%) pathology. Tarsal-joint abnormalities were significantly more likely than carpal-joint abnormalities. Third metatarsal cortical (57.8%) and trabecular (20.3%) pathology was most frequently plantar, but significantly more likely to be dorsal than forelimbs. Metatarsal fluid signal was significantly less likely than metacarpal. Lateral intermetatarsal articulation pathology (23.4%) was more frequent than medial; medial was significantly more likely in forelimbs. Suspensory ligament abnormalities were reported in 64.1% hindlimbs, 39.1% having concurrent cortical pathology. Metacarpal fluid signal was significantly more likely in endurance/racehorses than dressage/show jumping horses. Dressage was overrepresented in hindlimb suspensory origin pathology. These findings indicate different pathology patterns between forelimb/hindlimb and between different sports and may be useful for MRI interpretation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:391-398. [PMID: 31596508 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) of the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints occurs commonly. Synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers of collagen and bone turnover have potential clinical value. OBJECTIVES To measure SF biomarker concentrations from DIT and TMT joints in adult horses and determine if they correlate with radiographic OA severity and are higher in joints with radiographic OA compared to controls. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Radiographic OA of DIT and TMT joints was evaluated from adult horses (5-35 years old). Overall radiographic scores divided horses into those with mild or moderate radiographic OA (16 joints from 9 horses) or controls (13 joints from 9 horses). Direct biomarkers of OA (Carboxypropeptide of type II collagen = CPII, carboxy-neoepitope of type II collagen exposed after collagenase-cleavage = C2C, Bone alkaline phosphatase = BAP and Chondroitin sulfate epitope = CS846) were measured via ELISA and CPII/C2C was calculated. Biomarkers were correlated with radiographic findings and concentrations from those with radiographic OA to control joints and were compared. RESULTS Concentrations of CPII (R = 0.84, P<0.001), C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) and BAP (R = 0.41, P = 0.03) as well as CPII/C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) values positively correlated with overall radiographic scores. Adjusted means ± s.d., after controlling for age, for CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P<0.001), CPII/C2C (P = 0.004) and BAP (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in DIT and TMT joints with radiographic OA (CPII: 2174.45 ± 1064.01; C2C: 233.52 ± 51.187; CPII/C2C: 9.01 ± 4.09; BAP: 21.98 ± 15.34) compared to controls (CPII: 594.53 ± 463.05; C2C: 153.12 ± 48.95; CPII/C2C: 3.96 ± 2.38; BAP: 12.76 ± 3.61). CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P = 0.001) and CPII/C2C (P = 0.001) were significantly higher with moderate radiographic OA (CPII: 2444.61 ± 772.78; C2C: 248.90 ± 44.94; CPII/C2C: 9.47 ± 2.97) compared to controls (CPII: 658.38 ± 417.36; C2C: 156.49 ± 47.61; CPII/C2C: 4.15 ± 2.04), with CPII also showing significantly higher concentrations (P = 0.04) with mild radiographic OA compared (1515.00 ± 584.95) to controls (658.38 ± 417.36). There were no differences in CS846 concentrations between radiographic OA and control joints. Age positively correlated with CPII (R = 0.48, P = 0.01) and C2C (R = 0.44, P = 0.02) concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Radiographic OA was assessed, not clinical lameness. Controls were not age-matched to those with spontaneous radiographic OA. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between collagen (CPII, C2C and CPII/C2C) and bone (BAP) biomarkers and radiographic OA in the distal tarsal joints of horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Coppelman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F H David
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - N S Ernst
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - T N Trumble
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barrett MF, Selberg KT, Johnson SA, Hersman J, Frisbie DD. High field magnetic resonance imaging contributes to diagnosis of equine distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus lesions: 103 horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:587-596. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myra F. Barrett
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| | - Kurt T. Selberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| | - Sherry A. Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| | | | - David D. Frisbie
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Knuchell JA, Spriet M, Galuppo LD, Katzman SA. FRACTURE OF THE CENTRAL TARSAL BONE IN NONRACEHORSES: FOUR CASES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:403-9. [PMID: 26929208 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractures of the central tarsal bone are a rarely recognized cause of acute severe hind limb lameness in nonracehorses. Diagnosis of these fractures can be challenging and little is known about their configuration or outcome. The objectives of this retrospective case series study were to describe the clinical features, imaging findings, and outcomes of fractures of the central tarsal bone in a sample of nonracehorses. Medical records from 2001 to 2014 were searched for cases of central tarsal bone fractures in nonracehorses. All available imaging findings including radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and/or nuclear scintigraphy were reviewed. History, clinical presentation, and outcome were collected from the records. Four horses met the inclusion criteria. All had a similar configuration as a simple nondisplaced slab fracture in a dorsomedial to plantarolateral orientation. Initial radiographs failed to reveal the fracture in three of four cases. When additional plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique radiographic views were obtained, the fracture could be identified in all cases. Fractures of the central tarsal bone seemed to occur in a consistent dorsomedial to plantarolateral orientation in this sample of nonracehorses, which is different from the configuration previously reported in racehorses. While CT can be used for detection and assessment of these fractures, authors propose that radiography can also identify these fractures with the appropriate view. Authors recommend the use of several plantarolateral to dorsomedial radiographic projections at varying degrees of obliquity for horses with a suspected central tarsal bone fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie A Knuchell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Larry D Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Scott A Katzman
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ley CJ, Björnsdóttir S, Ekman S, Boyde A, Hansson K. Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:57-64. [PMID: 25290785 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Validated noninvasive detection methods for early osteoarthritis (OA) are required for OA prevention and early intervention treatment strategies. OBJECTIVES To evaluate radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of early stage OA osteochondral lesions in equine centrodistal joints using microscopy as the reference standard. STUDY DESIGN Prospective imaging of live horses and imaging and microscopy of cadaver tarsal joints. METHODS Centrodistal (distal intertarsal) joints of 38 Icelandic research horses aged 27-29 months were radiographed. Horses were subjected to euthanasia approximately 2 months later and cadaver joints examined with low-field MRI. Osteochondral joint specimens were classified as negative or positive for OA using light microscopy histology or scanning electron microscopy. Radiographs and MRIs were evaluated for osteochondral lesions and results compared with microscopy. RESULTS Forty-two joints were classified OA positive with microscopy. Associations were detected between microscopic OA and the radiography lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P<0.0001), joint margin lesion (P<0.0001), central osteophyte (P = 0.03) and the low-field MRI lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P = 0.01), joint margin lesion (P = 0.02) and articular cartilage lesion (P = 0.0003). The most frequent lesion category detected in microscopic OA positive joints was the mineralisation front defect in radiographs (28/42 OA positive joints, specificity 97%, sensitivity 67%). No significant differences were detected between the sensitivity and specificity of radiography and low-field MRI pooled lesion categories, but radiography was often superior when individual lesion categories were compared. CONCLUSIONS Early stage centrodistal joint OA changes may be detected with radiography and low-field MRI. Detection of mineralisation front defects in radiographs may be a useful screening method for detection of early OA in centrodistal joints of young Icelandic horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Björnsdóttir
- Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, Selfoss, Iceland
| | - S Ekman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Boyde
- Biophysics, Oral Growth and Development, Dental Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - K Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rickey EJ, Cruz AM, Trout DR, McEwen BJ, Hurtig MB. Evaluation of experimental impact injury for inducing post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the metacarpophalangeal joints of horses. Am J Vet Res 2013; 73:1540-52. [PMID: 23013179 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.10.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a single contusive impact injury to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus would progress to post-traumatic osteoarthritis or palmar osteochondral disease in horses. ANIMALS 12 horses. PROCEDURES In each horse, an impact injury was created on the palmar aspect of the medial metacarpal condyle of 1 randomly chosen limb with an impactor device under arthroscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. The opposite limb was sham operated as a control. A low to moderate amount of forced exercise was instituted, and horses were evaluated clinically via lameness examinations weekly for 5 months, then biweekly until endpoint, with synovial fluid analysis performed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 months and radiography at baseline and endpoint. Macroscopic examination, micro-CT, and sample collection for cartilage viability and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, histologic evaluation, immunohistochemical analysis, and fluorochrome analysis were performed following euthanasia at 1 (3 horses), 4 (4), and 8 to 10 (5) months after surgery. RESULTS There was variability in impact lesion location, depth, and area on macroscopic inspection, but on histologic evaluation, cartilage defects were less variable. Mean sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentration from cartilage at the impact site was significantly lower than that at a similar site in control limbs. Higher concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were observed in synovial fluid from impact-injured joints. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The impact injury method caused mild focal osteoarthritic lesions in the metacarpophalangeal joint, but did not progress to palmar osteochondral disease at this site. Repeated injury is probably required for the development of palmar osteochondral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Rickey
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Daniel AJ, Judy CE, Rick MC, Saveraid TC, Herthel DJ. Comparison of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of specific conditions of the distal tarsal bones of horses: 20 cases (2006–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:1109-14. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.9.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Raes EV, Bergman EHJ, van der Veen H, Vanderperren K, Van der Vekens E, Saunders JH. Comparison of cross-sectional anatomy and computed tomography of the tarsus in horses. Am J Vet Res 2012; 72:1209-21. [PMID: 21879979 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare computed tomography (CT) images of equine tarsi with cross-sectional anatomic slices and evaluate the potential of CT for imaging pathological tarsal changes in horses. SAMPLE 6 anatomically normal equine cadaveric hind limbs and 4 tarsi with pathological changes. PROCEDURES Precontrast CT was performed on 3 equine tarsi; sagittal and dorsal reconstructions were made. In all limbs, postcontrast CT was performed after intra-articular contrast medium injection of the tarsocrural, centrodistal, and tarsometatarsal joints. Images were matched with corresponding anatomic slices. Four tarsi with pathological changes underwent CT examination. RESULTS The tibia, talus, calcaneus, and central, fused first and second, third, and fourth tarsal bones were clearly visualized as well as the long digital extensor, superficial digital flexor, lateral digital flexor (with tarsal flexor retinaculum), gastrocnemius, peroneus tertius, and tibialis cranialis tendons and the long plantar ligament. The lateral digital extensor, medial digital flexor, split peroneus tertius, and tibialis cranialis tendons and collateral ligaments could be located but not always clearly identified. Some small tarsal ligaments were identifiable, including plantar, medial, interosseus, and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments; interosseus talocentral, centrodistal, and tarsometatarsal ligaments; proximal and distal plantar ligaments; and talometatarsal ligament. Parts of the articular cartilage could be assessed on postcontrast images. Lesions were detected in the 4 tarsi with pathological changes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT of the tarsus is recommended when radiography and ultrasonography are inconclusive and during preoperative planning for treatment of complex fractures. Images from this study can serve as a CT reference, and CT of pathological changes was useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els V Raes
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
LAMAS LP, EDMONDS J, HODGE W, ZAMORA-VERA L, BURFORD J, COOMER R, MUNROE G. Use of ethanol in the treatment of distal tarsal joint osteoarthritis: 24 cases. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:399-403. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Biggi M, Zani DD, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of bone marrow lesions in the equine distal tarsus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
FAIRBURN A, DYSON S, MURRAY R. Clinical significance of osseous spurs on the dorsoproximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:591-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Olive J, D'Anjou MA, Girard C, Laverty S, Theoret C. Fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-recalled imaging of equine metacarpophalangeal articular cartilage. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:107-15. [PMID: 20402392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess articular cartilage in racehorses with naturally occurring metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. A sagittal, three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo (SPGR) with fat saturation (FS) sequence was acquired ex vivo on 20 joints. Following joint dissection, specific areas on the third metacarpal condyle were designated for subsequent sampling for histologic cartilage thickness measurement and modified Mankin scoring. Cartilage thickness was measured and cartilage signal intensity was also graded (0-3) on MR images at these selected metacarpal sites. Cartilage structure was graded (0-3) macroscopically and on MR images by two examiners in defined subregions of the proximal phalanx, third metacarpal, and proximal sesamoid bones. There was good precision (mean error 0.11 mm) and moderate correlation (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001) of cartilage thickness measurements between MR images (0.90 +/- 0.17mm) and histology (0.79 +/- 0.16 mm). There was moderate correlation between modified Mankin histologic score and signal intensity of cartilage (r = 0.36; P < 0.01) or MR cartilage structure assessment (r = 0.49, P > 0.001) on SPGR-FS. The sensitivity to detect full-thickness cartilage erosion on MR was only moderate (0.56), and these lesions were often underestimated, particularly when linear in nature. However, the specificity to detect such lesions on MR was high (0.92). While few limitations were identified, the use of a clinically applicable SPGR-FS sequence allows a reasonably accurate method to assess structural changes affecting the articular cartilage of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Olive
- Département de biomédecine yétérinaire, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olive J, D'Anjou MA, Alexander K, Laverty S, Theoret C. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and radiography for assessment of noncartilaginous changes in equine metacarpophalangeal osteoarthritis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:267-79. [PMID: 20469548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the ability of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and computed radiography (CR) to evaluate noncartilaginous structures of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), and the association of imaging changes with gross cartilage damage in the context of osteoarthritis. Four CR projections, helical single-slice CT, and MRI (Ti-weighted gradient recalled echo [GRE], T2*-weighted GRE with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition [FIESTA], T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation, and spoiled gradient recalled echo with fat saturation ISPGR-FS]) were performed on 20 racehorse cadaver forelimbs. Osteophytosis, synovial effusion, subchondral bone lysis and sclerosis, supracondylar lysis, joint fragments, bone marrow lesions, and collateral desmopathy were assessed with each modality. Interexaminer agreement was inferior to intraexaminer agreement and was generally moderate (i.e., 0.4 < kappa < 0.6). Subchondral bone sclerosis scores using CT or MRI were correlated significantly with the reference quantitative CT technique used to assess bone mineral density (P < 0.0001). Scores for subchondral lysis and osteophytosis were higher with MRI or CT vs. CR (P < 0.0001). Although differences between modalities were noted, osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis, and lysis as well as synovial effusion were all associated with the degree of cartilage damage and should be further evaluated as potential criteria to be included in a whole-organ scoring system. This study highlights the capacity of MRI to evaluate noncartilaginous changes in the osteoarthritic equine MCP joint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Olive
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de medecine veterinaire, Université de Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kawcak CE, Frisbie DD, Werpy NM, Park RD, McIlwraith CW. Effects of exercise vs experimental osteoarthritis on imaging outcomes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:1519-25. [PMID: 18504148 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in imaging outcomes in a controlled model of osteoarthritis (OA) vs exercise. METHOD Sixteen 2-year-old horses were randomly assigned to an exercise control (n=8) or an exercise OA (n=8) group. All horses had middle carpal joints arthroscopically explored and an osteochondral fragment was induced in one middle carpal joint of the OA group. All horses were treadmill exercised for the duration of the study (91 days). Clinical, radiographic, nuclear scintigraphic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed and outcomes of these were compared between groups. Imaging results were correlated to clinical, biomarker and gross pathologic results. RESULTS The OA group had significant increases in clinical outcomes and most imaging parameters. Specifically, the OA group showed significant increases in radiographic lysis and nuclear scintigraphic uptake. There was very little change in subchondral bone density, but a significant change in subchondral bone edema. Radiographic lysis, radial carpal bone edema and nuclear scintigraphy were strongly correlated with clinical changes and radial carpal bone edema was strongly correlated with changes in Type I and Type II collagen found in the synovial fluid. CONCLUSIONS OA induced significant changes in imaging parameters beyond the adaptation seen with exercise. Bone edema detected with MRI was closely correlated with collagen biomarkers detected in the synovial fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Kawcak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|