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Cuber P, Andreassen Å, Vainio K, Asman M, Dudman S, Szilman P, Szilman E, Ottesen P, Ånestad G, Cieśla-Nobis S, Solarz K. Risk of exposure to ticks (Ixodidae) and the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks in Southern Poland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:356-63. [PMID: 25838177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the results of the first study on seasonal activity of ticks and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in nymphs from the Silesian Province (Southern Poland). Previous studies on the prevalence of TBEV in ticks in Poland have been conducted mostly in northern and eastern regions, but none in the Silesian Province itself. The aims of this study were to analyse the seasonal variation in tick populations and compare TBEV prevalence in nymphs from different geographical locations in the Silesia. A total of 5160 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by the flagging method from 23 localities in southern Poland in 2010. Micro-climatic parameters (air temperature and humidity) were measured in order to estimate their influence on tick population. The highest tick activity was recorded in spring and was positively correlated with relative air humidity (RH). TBEV in the Silesian Province was analysed in 1750 nymphs and an overall prevalence was 0.11% (2 pools out of 175 analysed). The results of this study show that TBEV pool prevalence in nymphs is low in accordance with the low number of TBE cases reported within the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cuber
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Åshild Andreassen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kirsti Vainio
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marek Asman
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Piotr Szilman
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szilman
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Preben Ottesen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Pest Control, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gabriel Ånestad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sabina Cieśla-Nobis
- Silesian ZOO, Department of Birds, Promenada Gen. Jerzego Ziętka 7, 41-501 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Solarz
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Arnež M, Avšič-Županc T. Tick-borne encephalitis in children: an update on epidemiology and diagnosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 7:1251-60. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dobler G, Gniel D, Petermann R, Pfeffer M. Epidemiology and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis. Wien Med Wochenschr 2012; 162:230-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Ergünay K, Saygan MB, Aydoğan S, Litzba N, Sener B, Lederer S, Niedrig M, Hasçelik G, Us D. Confirmed exposure to tick-borne encephalitis virus and probable human cases of tick-borne encephalitis in Central/Northern Anatolia, Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:220-7. [PMID: 20604912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a potentially fatal central nervous system infection of humans. TBE is endemic in many areas of Europe and Asia; however, very scarce data on TBEV activity are available from Turkey. We aimed to identify TBEV exposure in healthy blood donors and the impact of TBEV in central nervous system infections in Central/Northern Anatolia. Two-thousand four hundred and fifty four sera, collected from blood donors at Ankara, Konya, Eskişehir and Zonguldak branches of the Turkish Red Crescent Middle Anatolia Regional Blood Center, were analysed for TBEV serosurveillance. Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 108 patients with the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis/encephalitis of unknown aetiology were also evaluated to identify TBE and neuroborreliosis cases. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and indirect immunofluorescence tests were employed for antibody detection. Forty-seven donor samples (1.9%) were reactive for TBEV IgG. In 25 persons with IgG reactivity (53.1%), risk factors for tick-borne infections were revealed. One sample from Zonguldak province (1/198; 0.5%) in the Black Sea region of Turkey was confirmed to possess neutralizing antibodies via plaque reduction neutralization test. TBEV IgM was detected in 9.2% (8/108) of the patients. IgM was accompanied by IgG reactivity in two persons where, in one, recent history of a tick bite was also identified. Intrathecal antibody production for TBEV could not be demonstrated. No evidence for Borrelia infections could be found. Confirmed exposure to TBEV and/or an antigenically similar tick-borne flavivirus is documented for the first time in blood donors in Zonguldak in Northern Anatolia. Probable cases of TBE have also been identified from Central Anatolia. The epidemiology of TBEV activity in Turkey needs to be assessed and benefits of vaccination for general population, risk groups or travellers must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Grgič-Vitek M, Klavs I. High burden of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia--challenge for vaccination policy. Vaccine 2011; 29:5178-83. [PMID: 21620916 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Slovenia is one of the countries with the highest reported incidence rates of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Vaccination uptake is low, estimated to be 12.4%. TBE surveillance data for the last 20 years were analysed. Though nearly all of Slovenia is endemic for TBE with national yearly incidence rates up to 26.7/100,000, we showed that two regions (Gorenjska and Koroška) were much more affected than other seven regions, with annual incidence rates up to 57.2/100,000 and 76.9/100,000 population, respectively. In the last decade, there was a shift in the age distribution of reported TBE cases to the older age groups, which resulted in the highest age-specific incidence rates nationally in 55-64 age group (up to 33.4/100,000 in 2006). To reduce this high burden of TBE, ideally the whole population of Slovenia should be offered free of charge vaccination against TBE. Alternatively, in view of limited resources available, sensible approach would be increasing vaccination coverage of the general population using social marketing and increasing TBE awareness, and in addition, offering free of charge vaccination to the most affected groups. The following priority target groups should be considered to be prospectively covered with free of charge vaccination: (1) 45-69 years old individuals in the two most affected regions (Gorenjska, Koroška), (2) the remaining age groups in the two most affected regions, (3) 45-69 years old individuals in the region with the next highest TBE incidence rates (Ljubljana), and (4) individuals 45-69 years old in all remaining Slovenian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grgič-Vitek
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Reliable surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis in European countries is necessary to improve the quality of vaccine recommendations. Vaccine 2011; 29:1283-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the Lublin region (eastern Poland). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2011; 2:16-9. [PMID: 21771532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A total of 875 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks and 148 adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected by flagging lower vegetation in the Lublin region (eastern Poland) and examined for the presence of RNA of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) by nested RT-PCR. The minimum infection rate of I. ricinus ticks with TBEV amounted to 1.6% while the infection rate of D. reticulatus ticks was 10.8%. The results suggest that D. reticulatus may be a potential vector of TBEV in Central Europe.
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8
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Grgič-Vitek M, Avšič-Županc T, Klavs I. Tick-borne encephalitis after vaccination: Vaccine failure or misdiagnosis. Vaccine 2010; 28:7396-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Petri E, Gniel D, Zent O. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) trends in epidemiology and current and future management. Travel Med Infect Dis 2010; 8:233-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Stefanoff P, Siennicka J, Kaba J, Nowicki M, Ferenczi E, Gut W. Identification of new endemic tick-borne encephalitis foci in Poland – a pilot seroprevalence study in selected regions. Int J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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The prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis in the region of West Bohemia (Czech Republic) between 1960–2005. Wien Med Wochenschr 2008; 158:91-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Linos A, Kirch W. Promoting Health for Working Women—Communicable Diseases. PROMOTING HEALTH FOR WORKING WOMEN 2008. [PMCID: PMC7121744 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73038-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Linos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, Goudi, Athens 115 27
| | - Wilhelm Kirch
- Research Association Public Health Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstr. 27, 0/307 Dresden Germany
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Vorou RM, Papavassiliou VG, Tsiodras S. Emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in Europe. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 135:1231-47. [PMID: 17445320 PMCID: PMC2870710 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268807008527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in European countries. A computerized search of the Medline database from January 1966 to August 2006 for all zoonotic agents in European countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. Fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in Europe from 2000 to August 2006: Rickettsiae spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella spp., Francisella tularensis, Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus, Hantavirus, Toscana virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus group, West Nile virus, Sindbis virus, Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Trichinella spp., and Echinococus multilocularis. Main risk factors included climatic variations, certain human activities as well as movements of animals, people or goods. Multi-disciplinary preventive strategies addressing these pathogens are of public health importance. Uniform harmonized case definitions should be introduced throughout Europe as true prevalence and incidence estimates are otherwise impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Vorou
- Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
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Sanbonmatsu-Gámez S, Pérez-Ruiz M, Collao X, Sánchez-Seco MP, Morillas-Márquez F, de la Rosa-Fraile M, Navarro-Mari JM, Tenorio A. Toscana virus in Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 11:1701-7. [PMID: 16318721 PMCID: PMC3367369 DOI: 10.3201/eid1111.050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV, Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) infection is one of the most prevalent arboviruses in Spain. Within the objectives of a multidisciplinary network, a study on the epidemiology of TOSV was conducted in Granada, in southern Spain. The overall seroprevalence rate was 24.9%, significantly increasing with age. TOSV was detected in 3 of 103 sandfly pools by viral culture or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from a region of the L gene. Nucleotide sequence homology was 99%-100% in TOSV from vectors and patients and 80%-81% compared to the Italian strain ISS Phl.3. Sequencing of the N gene of TOSV isolates from patients and vectors indicated 87%-88% and 100% homology at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, compared to the Italian strain. These findings demonstrate the circulation of at least 2 different lineages of TOSV in the Mediterranean basin, the Italian lineage and the Spanish lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, s/n 18014-Granada, Spain
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