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Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Sekar JN, Murugesan R, Dhandapani K. Listeria monocytogenes an Emerging Pathogen: a Comprehensive Overview on Listeriosis, Virulence Determinants, Detection, and Anti-Listerial Interventions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2231-2251. [PMID: 37479828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Jothi Nayaki Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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Pogreba-Brown K, Boyd K, Schaefer K, Austhof E, Armstrong A, Owusu-Dommey A, Villa-Zapata L, Arora M, McClelland JD, Hoffman S. Complications Associated with Foodborne Listeriosis: A Scoping Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:725-743. [PMID: 36367547 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in hospitalizations and 20% in deaths. Per-case burden is high because the disease also causes serious complications, including sepsis, encephalitis, meningitis, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The disease burden of L. monocytogenes is underestimated because some of these acute complications can also result in long-term outcomes. In this article, we conducted a scoping review of L. monocytogenes complications and longer term outcomes from articles published between 2000 and 2018. Search terms were developed for four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) as well as gray literature and hand searches of review articles. We follow standard scoping review methodology and assessment. Out of 10,618 unique articles originally identified, 115 articles were included, representing 49 unique outcomes. The majority of studies were cohort designs (n = 67) and conducted in the United States or Europe (n = 98). Four major outcome groupings were death, neurological disorders, sepsis, and congenital infection. This study identifies substantial research on the common acute complications of L. monocytogenes and few long-term consequences of L. monocytogenes. We identify the need for additional studies to determine the longer term impacts of these acute complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kylie Boyd
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenzie Schaefer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika Austhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ama Owusu-Dommey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Mona Arora
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jean D McClelland
- Arizona Health Sciences Library, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sandra Hoffman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Rivas PM, Carmo da Silva D, Lopes SM, Riboldi CI, Tondo EC. Assessing the Listeria monocytogenes transference during mechanical slicing of mozzarella cheese. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang H, Chen W, Wang J, Xu B, Liu H, Dong Q, Zhang X. 10-Year Molecular Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Shanghai, China, 2009-2019. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:551020. [PMID: 33384664 PMCID: PMC7769869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.551020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an etiologic agent of listeriosis, and has emerged as an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the molecular characteristics of 155 L. monocytogenes isolates from seven food groups in Shanghai, the biggest city in China, were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Most L. monocytogenes isolates (79.3%) were obtained between May and October from 2009 to 2019. The serogroups and clonal complexes (CCs) of L. monocytogenes were found useful for identifying potential health risks linked to foods. Differences in distributions of serogroups and CCs among different food groups were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the IIa and IVb serogroups were identified among most of food groups. However, the prevalence of serogroup IIb was significantly higher in ready-to-eat (RTE) food and raw seafood than in other food groups, similar to group IIc in raw meat and raw poultry than others. Meanwhile, the prevalence of CC9 in raw meat and raw poultry, CC8 in raw poultry, and CC87 in raw seafood significantly exceeded that of in other food groups. Specially, CC87 was the predominant CC in foodborne and clinical isolates in China, indicating that raw seafood may induce a high-risk to food safety. Also, hypervirulence pathogenicity islands LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in CC3, CC1, and CC87, respectively. The clonal group CC619 carried LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, as previously reported in China. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis suggested that CC87 isolates from the same food groups in different years had no allelic differences, indicating that L. monocytogenes could persist over years. These 10-year results in Shanghai underscore the significance of molecular epidemiological surveillance of L. monocytogenes in foodborne products in assessing the potential risk of this pathogen, and further address food safety issues in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyao Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Keto-Timonen R, Markkula A, Halkilahti J, Huttunen R, Räsänen S, Salmenlinna S, Heikkilä A, Puisto M, Närhinen M, Hakkinen M, Korkeala H, Jalava K. Shopping Detail Information and Home Freezer Sampling Confirmed the Role of Commercial, Modified-Atmosphere Packaged Meatballs as a Vehicle for Listeriosis in Finland. Front Public Health 2019; 7:216. [PMID: 31448252 PMCID: PMC6691019 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2016, an elderly patient was diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in Finland. Grocery store loyalty card records and microbiological investigation of foods found in the home fridge and freezer of the patient revealed commercial, modified-atmosphere packaged meatballs as the source of the infection. Investigation of the meatball production plant revealed that the floor drain samples were contaminated with the same L. monocytogenes strain as those isolated from the patient and meatballs. Ready-to-eat meatballs were likely contaminated after heat treatment from the production environment before packaging. Long-term cold storage, modified-atmosphere conditions, and the absence of competing bacteria presumably enhanced the growth of L. monocytogenes. We recommend that collection of shopping details and home fridge and freezer sampling should be part of surveillance of all cases of L. monocytogenes infections to complement information obtained from in-depth interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Keto-Timonen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Markkula
- Microbiological Food Safety Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Halkilahti
- Health Security Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Huttunen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Saara Salmenlinna
- Health Security Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkilä
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Puisto
- Environmental Health Office of Etelä-Satakunta, Säkylä, Finland
| | | | - Marjaana Hakkinen
- Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Jalava
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Elson R, Awofisayo-Okuyelu A, Greener T, Swift C, Painset A, Amar CFL, Newton A, Aird H, Swindlehurst M, Elviss N, Foster K, Dallman TJ, Ruggles R, Grant K. Utility of Whole Genome Sequencing To Describe the Persistence and Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes Strains within Crabmeat Processing Environments Linked to Two Outbreaks of Listeriosis. J Food Prot 2019; 82:30-38. [PMID: 30702931 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the identification and investigation of two extended outbreaks of listeriosis in which crabmeat was identified as the vehicle of infection. Comparing contemporary and retrospective typing data of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases and from food and food processing environments allowed the detection of cases going back several years. This information, combined with the analysis of routinely collected enhanced surveillance data, helped to direct the investigation and identify the vehicle of infection. Retrospective whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of isolates provided robust microbiological evidence of links between cases, foods, and the environments in which they were produced and demonstrated that for some cases and foods, identified by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism, the molecular typing method in routine use at the time, were not part of the outbreak. WGS analysis also showed that the strains causing illness had persisted in two food production environments for many years and in one producer had evolved into two strains over a period of around 8 years. This article demonstrates the value of reviewing L. monocytogenes typing data from clinical cases together with that from foods as a means of identifying potential vehicles and sources of infection in outbreaks of listeriosis. It illustrates the importance of reviewing retrospective L. monocytogenes typing alongside enhanced surveillance data to characterize extended outbreaks and inform control measures. Also, this article highlights the advantages of WGS analysis for strain discrimination and clarification of evolutionary relationships that refine outbreak investigations and improve our understanding of L. monocytogenes in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Elson
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,2 National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Adedoyin Awofisayo-Okuyelu
- 2 National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Trevor Greener
- 3 North Tyneside Council, Public Protection Services, The Silverlink North, Cobalt Business Park, North Tyneside NE27 0BY, UK
| | - Craig Swift
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Anaïs Painset
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,2 National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | | | - Autilia Newton
- 4 Public Health England UKOT Program IHR, 133-135, Wellington Road, London SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Heather Aird
- 5 Public Health England, National Infection Service, Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Block 10, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Mark Swindlehurst
- 5 Public Health England, National Infection Service, Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Block 10, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Nicola Elviss
- 5 Public Health England, National Infection Service, Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Block 10, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Kirsty Foster
- 6 Public Health England, North East PHE Centre, Floor 2 Citygate, Gallowgate, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4WH, UK
| | - Timothy J Dallman
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,2 National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Ruth Ruggles
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Kathie Grant
- 1 Public Health England, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,2 National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
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7
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Lopez-Valladares G, Danielsson-Tham ML, Tham W. Implicated Food Products for Listeriosis and Changes in Serovars of Listeria monocytogenes Affecting Humans in Recent Decades. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:387-397. [PMID: 29958028 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease with a high fatality rate, and infection is mostly transmitted through ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, such as gravad/smoked fish, soft cheeses, and sliced processed delicatessen (deli) meat. Food products/dishes stored in vacuum or in modified atmospheres and with extended refrigerator shelf lives provide an opportunity for L. monocytogenes to multiply to large numbers toward the end of the shelf life. Elderly, pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to L. monocytogenes. Listeriosis in humans manifests primarily as septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, gastrointestinal infection, and abortion. In the mid 1990s and early 2000s a shift from L. monocytogenes serovar 4b to serovar 1/2a causing human listeriosis occurred, and serovar 1/2a is becoming more frequently linked to outbreaks of listeriosis, particularly in Europe and Northern America. Consumer lifestyle has changed, and less time is available for food preparation. Modern lifestyle has markedly changed eating habits worldwide, with a consequent increased demand for RTE foods; therefore, more RTE and take away foods are consumed. There is a concern that many Listeria outbreaks are reported from hospitals. Therefore, it is vitally important that foods (especially cooked and chilled) delivered to hospitals and residential homes for senior citizens and elderly people are reheated to at least 72°C: cold food, such as turkey deli meat and cold-smoked and gravad salmon should be free from L. monocytogenes. Several countries have zero tolerance for RTE foods that support the growth of Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lopez-Valladares
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University , Grythyttan, Sweden
| | | | - Wilhelm Tham
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University , Grythyttan, Sweden
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NAKARI UM, RANTALA L, PIHLAJASAARI A, TOIKKANEN S, JOHANSSON T, HELLSTEN C, RAULO SM, KUUSI M, SIITONEN A, RIMHANEN-FINNE R. Investigation of increased listeriosis revealed two fishery production plants with persistent Listeria contamination in Finland in 2010. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:2261-9. [PMID: 24476659 PMCID: PMC9151247 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881300349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2010, a marked increase in listeriosis incidence was observed in Finland. Listeria monocytogenes PFGE profile 96 was responsible for one-fifth of the reported cases and a cluster of PFGE profile 62 was also detected. Investigations revealed two fishery production plants with persistent Listeria contamination. It appears likely that the plants were at least partly responsible for the increase of listeriosis. Epidemiological investigation revealed that 57% (31/54) of cases with underlying immunosuppressive condition or medication reported eating gravad or cold-smoked fish. Two public notices were issued by THL and Evira informing which groups were most at risk from the effects of listeriosis and should therefore be cautious in consuming certain products. Systematic sampling of foods and adequate epidemiological investigation methods are required to identify the sources of Listeria infections. Continuous control measures at fishery production plants producing risk products are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.-M. NAKARI
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Bacteriology Unit
| | - L. RANTALA
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Research and Laboratory Department, Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit
| | - A. PIHLAJASAARI
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Control Department, Food Hygiene Unit
| | - S. TOIKKANEN
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Epidemiologic Surveillance and Response Unit
| | - T. JOHANSSON
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Research and Laboratory Department, Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit
| | - C. HELLSTEN
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Control Department, Food Hygiene Unit
| | | | - M. KUUSI
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Epidemiologic Surveillance and Response Unit
| | - A. SIITONEN
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Bacteriology Unit
| | - R. RIMHANEN-FINNE
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Epidemiologic Surveillance and Response Unit
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Althaus D, Lehner A, Brisse S, Maury M, Tasara T, Stephan R. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during 2011-2013 from human infections in Switzerland. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:753-8. [PMID: 25007293 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, an emerging foodborne pathogen, can cause in the population at risk severe infections that are associated with high case fatality rates. A total of 93 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from different patients in Switzerland from July 2011 to September 2013 were further characterized. Septicemia was reported for 74.2% of the patients, meningitis for 10.8%, and abortion for 3.2%. The majority of the strains belonged to serotype 1/2a (n=58) followed by serotype 4b (n=28), 1/2b (n=5), and 1/2c (n=2). The strains represented 35 multilocus sequence typing sequence types, 8 of which were designated for the first time. Sequence analysis of the inlA gene in the 35 sequence types showed that most of the strains encoded full-length proteins. Screening for Listeriolysin S showed the presence of this virulence factor in 29 of the 33 genetic lineage I strains. By using ApaI and AscI for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, most strains showed distinguishable patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Althaus
- 1 Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu S, Yang X. Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in Flammulina velutipes plants. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:620-7. [PMID: 24824447 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) production plants were sampled to investigate the prevalence and contamination source of Listeria monocytogenes. Among 295 samples, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 18.6%; the contamination appeared to originate from the mycelium-scraping machinery, contaminating both the product and upstream packaging equipment. Of 55 L. monocytogenes isolates, lineages I.1 (1/2a-3a) and II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) accounted for 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. In addition, lineage I.1 formed significantly thicker biofilms than those within lineage II.2, as determined by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Genotype analyses of L. monocytogenes isolates using enterobacteria repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction, and random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed that the surfaces of mycelium-scraping machinery may serve as the main source of L. monocytogenes contamination in three of the four plants. This study was the first report to explore the potential contamination sources of L. monocytogenes in the mushroom production chain, thereby providing baseline information for adopting prophylactic measures for critical control points during production in mushroom plants to avoid L. monocytogenes contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- 1 School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, China
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Popovic I, Heron B, Covacin C. Listeria: an Australian perspective (2001-2010). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:425-32. [PMID: 24697613 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having a low occurrence rate, Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most prominent foodborne pathogens in Australia. The organism is responsible for severe outbreaks with high case fatality and substantial economic losses due to food recalls. In this study, we analyze the incidence trends of listeriosis in Australia during 2001-2010, discuss the relevance of food recalls, and investigate the pathogen's role in foodborne outbreaks. A significant epidemiological finding was a consistently high national age-specific rate recorded for individuals aged 60 years and over. Analysis of Australian Listeria outbreak and food recall data suggests deficiencies in food safety programs of food manufacturing businesses implicated in Listeria outbreaks and revealed that ready-to-eat foods are high-risk vehicles for transmitting listeriosis. Highlighted is Australia's highly efficient Listeria management and surveillance systems bolstered by the introduction of Listeria molecular subtyping in 2010 coupled with a nationally standardized questionnaire by the "Australian foodborne disease surveillance network (OzFoodNet)." The detection of clusters and therefore outbreaks was now possible, allowing cases to be linked across multiple jurisdictions and enabling timely public health action. Considering current changes in food production and consumption patterns, continuous monitoring and improvement of surveillance systems will provide ongoing public health benefits and be crucial to future development of food safety policy for Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Popovic
- 1 Griffith University , School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
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De Cesare A, Pasquali F, Lucchi A, Manfreda G. Relative Accuracy, Specificity and Sensitivity of a 5′ Nuclease Real-Time PCR Assay for Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Naturally Contaminated Pork Cuts. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Mammina C, Parisi A, Guaita A, Aleo A, Bonura C, Nastasi A, Pontello M. Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:152. [PMID: 23530941 PMCID: PMC3616957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system. METHODS We characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and detection of epidemic clone markers, 134 isolates from 132 listeriosis cases, including 15 pregnancy-related cases, occurring in the years 2006-2010 in Lombardy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases have also been described. RESULTS The mean age of non pregnancy-associated cases was 64.7 years, with 55.9% of cases being older than 65 years. Cases having no underlying medical conditions accounted for 11.6%. The all-cause fatality rate of 83 cases with a known survival outcome was 25.3%.Serotypes 1/2a and 4b comprised 52.2% and 38.8% of isolates, respectively. Seventy-three AscI pulsotypes and 25 sequence types assigned to 23 clonal complexes were recognized. Moreover, 53 (39.5%) isolates tested positive for the epidemic clone markers. Twelve molecular subtype clusters including at least three isolates were detected, with cluster 11 (1/2a/ST38) including 31 isolates identified during the entire study period. No outbreaks were notified to public health authorities during this period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study proved that epidemiology of listeriosis in Lombardy is characterized by a high prevalence of major clones and the increasing role of serotype 1/2a. Molecular subtyping is an essential tool in the epidemiology and surveillance of listeriosis. Rapid molecular cluster detection could alert about putative outbreaks, thus increasing the chance of detecting and inactivating routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mammina
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Guaita
- Department of Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Aleo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Celestino Bonura
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Nastasi
- Department of Public Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirella Pontello
- Department of Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Listex™ P100 for the removal of Listeria monocytogenes surface contamination of raw fish. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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15
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Muñoz P, Rojas L, Bunsow E, Saez E, Sánchez-Cambronero L, Alcalá L, Rodríguez-Creixems M, Bouza E. Listeriosis: An emerging public health problem especially among the elderly. J Infect 2012; 64:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Krishnan L, Pejcic-Karapetrovic B, Gurnani K, Zafer A, Sad S. Pregnancy does not deter the development of a potent maternal protective CD8+ T-cell acquired immune response against Listeria monocytogenes despite preferential placental colonization. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 63:54-65. [PMID: 19912156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Listeria monocytogenes (LM) preferentially colonizes the placenta and causes fetal loss and systemic disease during pregnancy. As systemic CD8+ T-cell memory is critical in controlling LM infection, we addressed the issue as to whether it is modulated during pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY Pregnant mice were infected with LM and their immune response was quantified relative to the non-pregnant cohort using advanced immunological techniques. RESULTS Pregnant mice exhibited progressive and massive placental LM infection leading to fetal resorptions. In contrast, they harbored significantly lower bacteria in spleen and liver relative to non-pregnant controls, and rapidly cleared systemic infection. Both pregnant and non-pregnant mice exhibited similar activation of systemic innate immunity. Moreover, LM infection in pregnant and non-pregnant hosts evoked strong antigen-specific cytolytic CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-gamma. Consequently, LM infection initiated during pregnancy afforded long-term protective memory to secondary infection. CONCLUSION Maternal hosts generate a normal Listeria-specific adaptive immunity in particular CD8+ T-cell memory response suggesting that systemic listeriosis during pregnancy may be an immunopathology associated with placental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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17
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Gianfranceschi MV, D'Ottavio MC, Gattuso A, Bella A, Aureli P. Distribution of serotypes and pulsotypes of Listeria monocytogenes from human, food and environmental isolates (Italy 2002–2005). Food Microbiol 2009; 26:520-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Goulet V, Hedberg C, Le Monnier A, de Valk H. Increasing incidence of listeriosis in France and other European countries. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:734-40. [PMID: 18439354 PMCID: PMC2600261 DOI: 10.3201/eid1405.071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1999 through 2005, the incidence of listeriosis in France declined from 4.5 to 3.5 cases/million persons. In 2006, it increased to 4.7 cases/million persons. Extensive epidemiologic investigations of clusters in France have ruled out the occurrence of large foodborne disease outbreaks. In addition, no increase has occurred in pregnancy-associated cases or among persons <60 years of age who have no underlying disease. Increases have occurred mainly among persons >or=60 years of age and appear to be most pronounced for persons >or=70 years of age. In 8 other European countries, the incidence of listeriosis has increased, or remained relatively high, since 2000. As in France, these increases cannot be attributed to foodborne outbreaks, and no increase has been observed in pregnancy-associated cases. European countries appear to be experiencing an increased incidence of listeriosis among persons >or=60 years of age. The cause of this selective increased incidence is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Goulet
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice, France.
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