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Pirsadeghi A, Namakkoobi N, Behzadi MS, Pourzinolabedin H, Askari F, Shahabinejad E, Ghorbani S, Asadi F, Hosseini-Chegeni A, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Kamrani MH. Therapeutic approaches of cell therapy based on stem cells and terminally differentiated cells: Potential and effectiveness. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203904. [PMID: 38316293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy, as a promising regenerative medicine approach, has been a promising and effective strategy to treat or even cure various kinds of diseases and conditions. Generally, two types of cells are used in cell therapy, the first is the stem cell, and the other is a fully differentiated cell. Initially, all cells in the body are derived from stem cells. Based on the capacity, potency and differentiation potential of stem cells, there are four types: totipotent (produces all somatic cells plus perinatal tissues), pluripotent (produces all somatic cells), multipotent (produces many types of cells), and unipotent (produces a particular type of cells). All non-totipotent stem cells can be used for cell therapy, depending on their potency and/or disease state/conditions. Adult fully differentiated cell is another cell type for cell therapy that is isolated from adult tissues or obtained following the differentiation of stem cells. The cells can then be transplanted back into the patient to replace damaged or malfunctioning cells, promote tissue repair, or enhance the targeted organ's overall function. With increasing science and knowledge in biology and medicine, different types of techniques have been developed to obtain efficient cells to use for therapeutic approaches. In this study, the potential and opportunity of use of all cell types, both stem cells and fully differentiated cells, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirsadeghi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Negar Namakkoobi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sharifzadeh Behzadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Pourzinolabedin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Askari
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Erfan Shahabinejad
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghorbani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini-Chegeni
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kamrani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Malik S, Muhammad K, Aslam SM, Waheed Y. Tracing the recent updates on vaccination approaches and significant adjuvants being developed against HIV. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:431-446. [PMID: 36803177 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2182771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV1); the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has been a major target of the scientific community to develop an anti-viral therapy. Some successful discoveries have been made during the last two decades in the form of availability of antiviral therapy in endemic regions. Nevertheless, a total cure and safety vaccine has not yet been designed to eradicate HIV from the world. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this comprehensive study is to compile recent data regarding therapeutic interventions against HIV and to determine future research needs in this field. A systematic research strategy has been used to gather data from recent, most advanced published electronic sources. Literature based results show that experiments at the invitro level and animal models are continuously in research annals and are providing hope for human trials. EXPERT OPINION There is still a gap and more work is needed in the direction of modern drug and vaccination designs. Moreover coordination is necessary among researchers, educationists, public health workers, and the general community to communicate and coordinate the repercussions associated with the deadly disease. It is important for taking timely measures regarding mitigation and adaptation with HIV in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sanaa Masood Aslam
- Foundation University College of Dentistry, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Sadat Larijani M, Ramezani A, Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi M, Bolhassani A, Pouriayevali MH, Shahbazi S, Sadat SM. Evaluation of transduced dendritic cells expressing HIV-1 p24-Nef antigens in HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells induction as a therapeutic candidate vaccine. Virus Res 2021; 298:198403. [PMID: 33775753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Various approaches have been investigated to prevent or eliminate HIV-1 since 1981. However, the virus has been affecting human population worldwide with no effective vaccine yet. The conserved regions among the viral genes are suitable targets in mutable viruses to induce the immune responses via an effective delivery platform. In this study, we aimed at evaluation of p24 and nef in two forms of full and truncated genes as two fusion antigenic forms according to our previous bioinformatics analysis. The designed antigens were then transferred through ex vivo generated dendritic cells and also proteins in BALB/c to assess and compare immunogenicity. p24 and Nef amino acid sequences were aligned, then, the most conserved regions were selected and two fusion forms as the truncated (p24:80-231aa-Nef:120-150aa) and the full from (p24-Nef) were cloned and expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Lentiviral vectors were applied to generate recombinant virions harboring the genes of interest to transduce generated murine dendritic cells. BALB/c mice received the recombinant DCs or recombinant proteins according to the defined schedule. IgG development was assessed to determine humoral immune activity and cellular immune responses were evaluated by IL-5 and IFN-y induction. Granzyme B secretion was also investigated to determine CTL activity in different immunized groups. The data showed high induction of cellular immune responses in dendritic cell immunization specifically in immunized mice with the truncated form of the p24 and Nef by high secretion of IFN-y and strong CTL activity. Moreover, protein/ DC prime-boost formulation led to stronger Th1 pathway and strong CTL activation in comparison with other formulations. The generated recombinant dendritic cells expressing p24-Nef induced humoral and cellular immunity in a Th1 pathway specifically with the in silico predicted truncated antigen which could be of high value as a dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine candidate against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadat Larijani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood borne diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood borne diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood borne diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood borne diseases Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Bruxelle JF, Trattnig N, Mureithi MW, Landais E, Pantophlet R. HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020228. [PMID: 33499233 PMCID: PMC7911371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed to protect against infection need to be effective at mucosal portals of entry. These strategies need to contend also with cell-free and cell-associated transmitted/founder (T/F) virus forms; both can initiate and establish infection. This review will discuss how insight from the current model of HIV-1 mucosal transmission and cell entry has highlighted challenges in developing effective strategies to prevent infection. First, we examine key viral and host factors that play a role in transmission and infection. We then discuss preventive strategies based on antibody-mediated protection, with emphasis on targeting T/F viruses and mucosal immunity. Lastly, we review treatment strategies targeting viral entry, with focus on the most clinically advanced entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, Nairobi 19676–00202, Kenya;
| | - Elise Landais
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
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Jahedian S, Sadat SM, Javadi GR, Bolhassani A. Production and Evaluation of the Properties of HIV-1-Nef-MPER-V3 Fusion Protein Harboring IMT-P8 Cell Penetrating Peptide. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:315-323. [PMID: 32532193 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200612151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding a safe and effective vaccine for HIV-1 infection is still a major concern. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to design and produce a recombinant Nef-MPER V3 protein fused with IMT-P8 using E. coli expression system to provide a potential HIV vaccine with high cellular penetrance. METHODS After synthesizing the DNA sequence of the fusion protein, the construct was inserted into the pET-28 expression vector. The recombinant protein expression was induced using 1 mM IPTG and the product was purified through affinity chromatography. Characterization of cellular delivery, toxicity and immunogenicity of the protein was carried out. RESULTS The recombinant protein was expressed and confirmed by the anti-Nef antibody through western blotting. Data analyses showed that the protein possessed no considerable toxicity effect and has improved the IMT-P8 penetration rate in comparison to a control sample. Moreover, the antigen immunogenicity of the protein induced specific humoral response in mice. CONCLUSION It was concluded that IMT-P8-Nef-MPER-V3 fusion protein has a high penetrance rate in mammalian cell line and low toxicity, thus it can be potentially considered as a vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufa Jahedian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood-borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Javadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood-borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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