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Alnasser SM. The role of glutathione S-transferases in human disease pathogenesis and their current inhibitors. Genes Dis 2025; 12:101482. [PMID: 40290119 PMCID: PMC12022661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes detoxifying various harmful compounds by conjugating them with glutathione. While primarily beneficial, dysregulation of GST activity or specific isoforms can contribute to disease pathogenesis. The intricate balance of detoxification processes regulated by GSTs is pivotal in cellular homeostasis, whereby dysregulation in these mechanisms can have profound implications for human health. Certain GSTs neutralize carcinogens, shielding cells and potentially preventing tumorigenesis. Polymorphisms in specific GSTs may result in the accumulation of toxic metabolites, exacerbating oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, notably observed in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. They can also modulate signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, with aberrant activity potentially contributing to uncontrolled cell growth and resistance to cell death, thus promoting cancer development. They may also contribute to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. This knowledge is useful for designing therapeutic interventions and understanding chemoresistance due to GST polymorphisms. A variety of GST inhibitors have been developed and investigated, with researchers actively working on new inhibitors aimed at preventing off-target effects. By leveraging knowledge of the involvement of specific GST isoforms in disease pathogenesis across different populations, more effective and targeted therapeutics can be designed to enhance patient care and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Mohammad Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Jalal MM, Mir R, Hamadi A, Altayar MA, Elfaki I, Barnawi J, Alkayyal AA, Amr M, Hadeel J, Moawadh MS, Alsaedi BSO, Alhelali MH, Yousif A. Association of Genetic and Allelic Variants of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), Glutathione S-Transferase and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility and Progression in the Saudi Population. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051200. [PMID: 37240845 DOI: 10.3390/life13051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a key cerebrovascular disease and important cause of death and disability worldwide, including in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It has a large economic burden and serious socioeconomic impacts on patients, their families and the community. The incidence of ischemic stroke is probably increased by the interaction of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes with high blood pressure, diabetes and cigarette smoking. The roles of VWF, GSTs and TNF-alpha gene variations in the induction of stroke are still uncertain and require further examination. In the current study, we studied the associations of SNPs in the genes VWF, GSTs and TNF-alpha with stroke in the Saudi population. Genotyping was performed using the ARMS -PCR for TNF-alpha, AS-PCR for VWF and multiplex PCR for GSTs. The study included 210 study subjects: 100 stroke cases and 110 healthy controls. We obtained significant distributions of VWF rs61748511 T > C, TNF-alpha rs1800629 G > A and GST rs4025935 and rs71748309 genotypes between stroke cases and the healthy controls (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that the TNF-alpha A allele was associated with risk of stroke with odd ratio (OR) = 2.22 and risk ratio = RR 2.47, p < 0.05. Similarly, the VWF-TC genotype and C allele were strongly linked with stroke with OR = 8.12 and RR 4.7, p < 0.05. In addition, GSTT1 and GSTT1 null genotype was strongly associated with stroke predisposition with OR = 8.30 and RR = 2.25, p < 0.0001. We conclude that there is a possible strong association between the VWF-T > C, TNF-alpha G > A, GSTT1 gene variants and ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Saudi population. However, future well-designed and large-scale case-control studies on protein-protein interactions and protein functional studies are required to verify these findings and examine the effects of these SNPs on these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Jalal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik A Altayar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Barnawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouminah Amr
- Neuroscience Center, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jabali Hadeel
- Department of Radiology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh S Moawadh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim S O Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan H Alhelali
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aadil Yousif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Lesmana SD, Maryanti E, Susanty E, Afandi D, Harmas W, Octaviani DN, Zulkarnain I, Pratama MAB, Mislindawati M. Organophosphate Resistance in Aedes aegypti: Study from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Endemic Subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:589-596. [PMID: 35291608 PMCID: PMC8903369 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health problem. The high number of cases requires preventions, including controlling the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti mosquito. One of the control methods is the use of insecticides containing organophosphate. This study aims to detect organophosphate resistance in Aedes aegypti from DHF endemic subdistrict, Riau, Indonesia by a sensitivity test of temephos and 5% malathion and measuring the activity of non-specific alpha and beta esterase enzymes. METHODS This observational study determined Aedes aegypti resistance from larvae to adult in one DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia. The bioassay was used for temephos sensitivity of Aedes aegypti larvae. The LC99 value was analyzed using probit and compared with the diagnostic value from WHO. The WHO susceptibility test was conducted to determine 5% malathion resistance from adult mosquitoes. The mortality of less than 90% was declared as resistant. Measurement of alpha and beta esterase levels used Lee's microplate assay technique based on visual identification and absorbance value (AV). RESULTS The results showed that Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos. It also showed that adult mosquitoes were resistant to 5% malathion. Based on the alpha esterase activity test, it was found that most of the mosquitoes showed very sensitive meanwhile, based on the beta esterase activity test, most of the mosquitoes were moderate resistance. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Aedes aegypti population from DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia are indicated to develop resistance to organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suri Dwi Lesmana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Esy Maryanti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Elva Susanty
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Dedi Afandi
- Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Wida Harmas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
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Khorrami MS, Sadabadi F, Pasdar A, Safarian-Bana H, Amerizadeh F, Esmaeily H, Moohebati M, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Ferns G, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Avan A. A Genetic Variant in Proline and Serine Rich Coiled-Coil 1 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:653-663. [PMID: 35291603 PMCID: PMC8903358 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The Proline and Serine Rich Coiled-Coil 1 gene in 1p13.3 locus has been reported to be associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the rs599839 polymorphism of the Proline and Serine Rich Coiled-Coil 1 (PSRC1) gene with CVD outcomes in a population sample recruited as part of the Mashhad-Stroke and Heart-Atherosclerotic-Disorders (MASHAD) cohort. METHODS Five hundred and nine individuals who had an average follow-up period of 10 years were enrolled as part of the MASHAD cohort. DNA was extracted and genotyped using the TaqMan-real-time-PCR based method. RESULTS The study found individuals with GA/GG genotypes were at a higher risk of CVDs (OR= 4.7; 95% CI, 2.5-8.7; p< 0.001) in comparison to those with AA genotype; however, the result was not significant for GG genotype data. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the GA/GG genotypes of the PSRC1gene locus were at increased risk of CVD in a representative population-based cohort, demonstrating further functional analysis to discover the value of emerging marker as a risk stratification biomarker to recognize high risk cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Khorrami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadabadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamide Safarian-Bana
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Habibollah Esmaeily
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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