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Adamson PM, Datta K, Watkins R, Recht LD, Hurd RE, Spielman DM. Deuterium metabolic imaging for 3D mapping of glucose metabolism in humans with central nervous system lesions at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:39-50. [PMID: 37796151 PMCID: PMC10841984 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of 3T deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) using a birdcage 2 H radiofrequency (RF) coil in both healthy volunteers and patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions. METHODS A modified gradient filter, home-built 2 H volume RF coil, and spherical k-space sampling were employed in a three-dimensional chemical shift imaging acquisition to obtain high-quality whole-brain metabolic images of 2 H-labeled water and glucose metabolic products. These images were acquired in a healthy volunteer and three subjects with CNS lesions of varying pathologies. Hardware and pulse sequence experiments were also conducted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of DMI at 3T. RESULTS The ability to quantify local glucose metabolism in correspondence to anatomical landmarks across patients with varying CNS lesions is demonstrated, and increased lactate is observed in one patient with the most active disease. CONCLUSION DMI offers the potential to examine metabolic activity in human subjects with CNS lesions with DMI at 3T, promising for the potential of the future clinical translation of this metabolic imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Adamson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California USA
| | - Keshav Datta
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ron Watkins
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence D. Recht
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ralph E. Hurd
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ex vivo: A short historical review. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4740. [PMID: 35415860 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last half century, there have been several periods during which magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used ex vivo, for a variety of reasons, on samples such as microorganisms, cells, animal or human tissue, tissue extracts or biological fluids. These studies began in the days before the acronym MRS had been invented, when all such methods were still called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and have extended to the present day. I will describe the historical development of NMR methods used ex vivo, their influences on the development of MRS in vivo, and their longer-term uses. All the interpretations will be personal, based on what I saw, or discussed with colleagues at the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Clemmensen A, Hansen AE, Holst P, Schøier C, Bisgaard S, Johannesen HH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Kristensen AT, Kjaer A. [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 PET and hyperpolarized [1- 13C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:395-405. [PMID: 32621132 PMCID: PMC7835292 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer has a multitude of phenotypic expressions and identifying these are important for correct diagnosis and treatment selection. Clinical molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography can access several of these hallmarks of cancer non-invasively. Recently, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [1-13C] pyruvate has shown great potential to probe metabolic pathways. Here, we investigate simultaneous dual modality clinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and deregulated energy metabolism in canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients (n = 11) underwent simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 (RGD) PET and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI (hyperPET). Standardized uptake values and [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio were quantified and compared generally and voxel-wise. RESULTS Ten out of 11 patients showed clear tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD at both 20 and 60 min after injection, with an average SUVmean of 1.36 ± 0.23 g/mL and 1.13 ± 0.21 g/mL, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for SUVmax values, which were 2.74 ± 0.41 g/mL and 2.37 ± 0.45 g/mL. The [1-13C]lactate generation followed patterns previously reported. We found no obvious pattern or consistent correlation between the two modalities. Voxel-wise tumor values of RGD uptake and lactate generation analysis revealed a tendency for each canine cancer patient to cluster in separated groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated combined imaging of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET for angiogenesis and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI for probing energy metabolism. The results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET and [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI may provide complementary information, indicating that hyperPET imaging of angiogenesis and energy metabolism is able to aid in cancer phenotyping, leading to improved therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christina Schøier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sissel Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Siddique S, Chow JCL. Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091700. [PMID: 32872399 PMCID: PMC7559738 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosphere, nanoshells, and nanostars, are very commonly used in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. They make excellent drug carriers, imaging contrast agents, photothermal agents, photoacoustic agents, and radiation dose enhancers, among other applications. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the use of nanomaterials in many areas of functional imaging, cancer therapy, and synergistic combinational platforms. This review will systematically explore various applications of nanomaterials in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. The medical imaging modalities include magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, optical imaging, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging. Various cancer therapeutic methods will also be included, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. This review also covers theranostics, which use the same agent in diagnosis and therapy. This includes recent advances in multimodality imaging, image-guided therapy, and combination therapy. We found that the continuous advances of synthesis and design of novel nanomaterials will enhance the future development of medical imaging and cancer therapy. However, more resources should be available to examine side effects and cell toxicity when using nanomaterials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkar Siddique
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
| | - James C. L. Chow
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-946-4501
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5
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Harris T, Uppala S, Lev-Cohain N, Adler-Levy Y, Shaul D, Nardi-Schreiber A, Sapir G, Azar A, Gamliel A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Hyperpolarized product selective saturating-excitations for determination of changes in metabolic reaction rates in real-time. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4189. [PMID: 31793111 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of hyperpolarized substrate metabolism has been showing utility in real-time determination of in-cell and in vivo enzymatic activities. Intracellular reaction rates may vary during the course of a measurement, even on the very short time scales of visibility on hyperpolarized MR, due to many factors such as the availability of the substrate and co-factors in the intracellular space. Despite this potential variation, the kinetic analysis of hyperpolarized signals typically assumes that the same rate constant (and in many cases, the same rate) applies throughout the course of the reaction as observed via the build-up and decay of the hyperpolarized signals. We demonstrate here an acquisition approach that can null the need for such an assumption and enable the detection of instantaneous changes in the rate of the reaction during an ex vivo hyperpolarized investigation, (i.e. in the course of the decay of one hyperpolarized substrate dose administered to a viable tissue sample ex vivo). This approach utilizes hyperpolarized product selective saturating-excitation pulses. Similar pulses have been previously utilized in vivo for spectroscopic imaging. However, we show here favorable consequences to kinetic rate determinations in the preparations used. We implement this acquisition strategy for studies on perfused tissue slices and develop a theory that explains why this particular approach enables the determination of changes in enzymatic rates that are monitored via the chemical conversions of hyperpolarized substrates. Real-time changes in intracellular reaction rates are demonstrated in perfused brain, liver, and xenograft breast cancer tissue slices and provide another potential differentiation parameter for tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Lev-Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Adler-Levy
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assad Azar
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hyperpolarized MRI of Human Prostate Cancer Reveals Increased Lactate with Tumor Grade Driven by Monocarboxylate Transporter 1. Cell Metab 2020; 31:105-114.e3. [PMID: 31564440 PMCID: PMC6949382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance can increase the sensitivity of MRI, though its ability to inform on relevant changes to biochemistry in humans remains unclear. In this work, we image pyruvate metabolism in patients, assessing the reproducibility of delivery and conversion in the setting of primary prostate cancer. We show that the time to max of pyruvate does not vary significantly within patients undergoing two separate injections or across patients. Furthermore, we show that lactate increases with Gleason grade. RNA sequencing data demonstrate a significant increase in the predominant pyruvate uptake transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1. Increased protein expression was also observed in regions of high lactate signal, implicating it as the driver of lactate signal in vivo. Targeted DNA sequencing for actionable mutations revealed the highest lactate occurred in patients with PTEN loss. This work identifies a potential link between actionable genomic alterations and metabolic information derived from hyperpolarized pyruvate MRI.
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Kishimoto S, Oshima N, Krishna MC, Gillies RJ. Direct and indirect assessment of cancer metabolism explored by MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3966. [PMID: 30169896 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance-based approaches to obtain metabolic information on cancer have been explored for decades. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been developed to pursue metabolic profiling and successfully used to monitor several physiologic parameters such as pO2 , pH, and redox status. All these parameters are associated with pathophysiology of various diseases. Especially in oncology, cancer hypoxia has been intensively studied because of its relationship with metabolic alterations, acquiring treatment resistance, or a malignant phenotype. Thus, pO2 imaging leads to an indirect metabolic assessment in this regard. Proton electron double-resonance imaging (PEDRI) is an imaging technique to visualize EPR by using the Overhauser effect. Most biological parameters assessed in EPR can be visualized using PEDRI. However, EPR and PEDRI have not been evaluated sufficiently for clinical application due to limitations such as toxicity of the probes or high specific absorption rate. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRI is a novel imaging technique that can directly visualize the metabolic profile. Production of metabolites of the HP 13 C probe delivered to target tissue are evaluated in this modality. Unlike EPR or PEDRI, which require the injection of radical probes, 13 C MRI requires a probe that can be physiologically metabolized and efficiently hyperpolarized. Among several methods for hyperpolarizing probes, dissolution dynamic nuclear hyperpolarization is a widely used technique for in vivo imaging. Pyruvate is the most suitable probe for HP 13 C MRI because it is part of the glycolytic pathway and the high efficiency of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion is a distinguishing feature of cancer. Its clinical applicability also makes it a promising metabolic imaging modality. Here, we summarize the applications of these indirect and direct MR-based metabolic assessments focusing on pO2 and pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. The two parameters are strongly associated with each other, hence the acquired information is potentially interchangeable when evaluating treatment response to oxygen-dependent cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Singh J, Suh EH, Sharma G, Khemtong C, Sherry AD, Kovacs Z. Probing carbohydrate metabolism using hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled molecules. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4018. [PMID: 30474153 PMCID: PMC6579721 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic process in all organisms. Anomalies in glucose metabolism are linked to various pathological conditions. In particular, elevated aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic feature of rapidly growing cells. Glycolysis and the closely related pentose phosphate pathway can be monitored in real time by hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolic substrates such as 13 C-enriched, deuterated D-glucose derivatives, [2-13 C]-D-fructose, [2-13 C] dihydroxyacetone, [1-13 C]-D-glycerate, [1-13 C]-D-glucono-δ-lactone and [1-13 C] pyruvate in healthy and diseased tissues. Elevated glycolysis in tumors (the Warburg effect) was also successfully imaged using hyperpolarized [U-13 C6 , U-2 H7 ]-D-glucose, while the size of the preexisting lactate pool can be measured by 13 C MRS and/or MRI with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate. This review summarizes the application of various hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolites to the real-time monitoring of glycolysis and related metabolic processes in normal and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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van Zijl P, Knutsson L. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Technological advances and opportunities for applications continue to abound. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:55-65. [PMID: 31377150 PMCID: PMC6703925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the field of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) has built up an impressive repertoire of data acquisition and analysis technologies for anatomical, functional, physiological, and molecular imaging, the description of which requires many book volumes. As such it is impossible for a few authors to have an authoritative overview of the field and for a brief article to be inclusive. We will therefore focus mainly on data acquisition and attempt to give some insight into the principles underlying current advanced methods in the field and the potential for further innovation. In our view, the foreseeable future is expected to show continued rapid progress, for instance in imaging of microscopic tissue properties in vivo, assessment of functional and anatomical connectivity, higher resolution physiologic and metabolic imaging, and even imaging of receptor binding. In addition, acquisition speed and information content will continue to increase due to the continuous development of approaches for parallel imaging (including simultaneous multi-slice imaging), compressed sensing, and MRI fingerprinting. Finally, artificial intelligence approaches are becoming more realistic and will have a tremendous effect on both acquisition and analysis strategies. Together, these developments will continue to provide opportunity for scientific discovery and, in combination with large data sets from other fields such as genomics, allow the ultimate realization of precision medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Zijl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Cho A, Eskandari R, Granlund KL, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized [6- 13C, 15N 3]-Arginine as a Probe for in Vivo Arginase Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:665-673. [PMID: 30893552 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in arginase enzyme expression are linked with various diseases and have been shown to support disease progression, thus motivating the development of an imaging probe for this enzymatic target. 13C-enriched arginine can be used as a hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance (MR) probe for arginase flux since the arginine carbon-6 resonance (157 ppm) is converted to urea (163 ppm) following arginase-catalyzed hydrolysis. However, scalar relaxation from adjacent 14N-nuclei shortens cabon-6 T 1 and T 2 times, yielding poor spectral properties. To address these limitations, we report the synthesis of [6-13C,15N3]-arginine and demonstrate that 15N-enrichment increases carbon-6 relaxation times, thereby improving signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. By overcoming these limitations with this novel isotope-labeling scheme, we were able to perform in vitro and in vivo arginase activity measurements with HP MR. We present HP [6-13C,15N3]-arginine as a noninvasive arginase imaging agent for preclinical studies, with the potential for future clinical diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kristin L. Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
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11
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Cho A, Eskandari R, Miloushev VZ, Keshari KR. A non-synthetic approach to extending the lifetime of hyperpolarized molecules using D 2O solvation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 295:57-62. [PMID: 30099234 PMCID: PMC6131049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization is a robust technique to significantly increase magnetic resonance signal, the short T1 relaxation time of most 13C-nuclei limits the timescale of hyperpolarized experiments. To address this issue, we have characterized a non-synthetic approach to extend the hyperpolarized lifetime of 13C-nuclei in close proximity to solvent-exchangeable protons. Protons exhibit stronger dipolar relaxation than deuterium, so dissolving these compounds in D2O to exchange labile protons with solvating deuterons results in longer-lived hyperpolarization of the 13C-nucleus 2-bonds away. 13C T1 and T2 times were longer in D2O versus H2O for all molecules in this study. This phenomenon can be utilized to improve hyperpolarized signal-to-noise ratio as a function of longer T1, and enhanced spectral and imaging resolution via longer T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
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12
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Oehmigen M, Lindemann ME, Gratz M, Neji R, Hammers A, Sauer M, Lanz T, Quick HH. A dual-tuned 13 C/ 1 H head coil for PET/MR hybrid neuroimaging: Development, attenuation correction, and first evaluation. Med Phys 2018; 45:4877-4887. [PMID: 30182463 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a dual-tuned 13 C/1 H head coil for integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) neuroimaging. The radiofrequency (RF) head coil is designed for optimized MR imaging performance and PET transparency and attenuation correction (AC) is applied for accurate PET quantification. MATERIAL AND METHODS A dual-tuned 13 C/1 H RF head coil featuring a 16-rung birdcage was designed to be used for integrated PET/MR hybrid imaging. While the open birdcage design can be considered inherently PET transparent, all further electronic RF components were placed as far as possible outside of the field-of-view (FOV) of the PET detectors. The RF coil features a rigid geometry and thin-walled casing. Attenuation correction of the RF head coil is performed by generating and applying a dedicated 3D CT-based template attenuation map (μmap). Attenuation correction was systematically evaluated in phantom experiments using a large-volume cylindrical emission phantom filled with 18-F-Fluordesoxyglucose (FDG) radiotracer. The PET/MR imaging performance and PET attenuation correction were then evaluated in a patient study including six patients. RESULTS The dual-tuned RF head coil causes a mean relative attenuation difference of 8.8% across the volume of the cylindrical phantom, while the local relative differences range between 1% and 25%. Applying attenuation correction, the relative difference between the two measurements with and without RF coil is reduced to mean value of 0.5%, with local differences of ±3.6%. The quantitative results of the phantom measurements were corroborated by patient PET/MR measurements. Patient scans using the RF head coil show a decrease of PET signal of 5.17% ± 0.81% when compared to the setup without RF head coil in place, which served as a reference scan. When applying attenuation correction of the RF coil in the patient measurements, the mean difference to a measurement without RF coil was reduced to -0.87% ± 0.65%. CONCLUSION A dual-tuned 13 C/1 H RF head coil was designed and evaluated regarding its potential use in integrated PET/MR hybrid imaging. Attenuation correction was successfully applied. In conclusion, the RF head coil was successfully integrated into PET/MR hybrid imaging and can now be used for 13 C/1 H multinuclear hybrid neuroimaging in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Oehmigen
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maike E Lindemann
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Gratz
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Radhouene Neji
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare, Frimley, UK.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Harald H Quick
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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von Morze C, Reed GD, Larson PE, Mammoli D, Chen AP, Tropp J, Van Criekinge M, Ohliger MA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Merritt ME. In vivo hyperpolarization transfer in a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:480-487. [PMID: 29488244 PMCID: PMC5910192 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of in vivo 13 C->1 H hyperpolarization transfer, which has significant potential advantages for detecting the distribution and metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C probes in a clinical MRI scanner. METHODS A standalone pulsed 13 C RF transmit channel was developed for operation in conjunction with the standard 1 H channel of a clinical 3T MRI scanner. Pulse sequences for 13 C power calibration and polarization transfer were programmed on the external hardware and integrated with a customized water-suppressed 1 H MRS acquisition running in parallel on the scanner. The newly developed RF system was tested in both phantom and in vivo polarization transfer experiments in 1 JCH -coupled systems: phantom experiments in thermally polarized and hyperpolarized [2-13 C]glycerol, and 1 H detection of [2-13 C]lactate generated from hyperpolarized [2-13 C]pyruvate in rat liver in vivo. RESULTS Operation of the custom pulsed 13 C RF channel resulted in effective 13 C->1 H hyperpolarization transfer, as confirmed by the characteristic antiphase appearance of 1 H-detected, 1 JCH -coupled doublets. In conjunction with a pulse sequence providing 190-fold water suppression in vivo, 1 H detection of hyperpolarized [2-13 C]lactate generated in vivo was achieved in a rat liver slice. CONCLUSION The results show clear feasibility for effective 13 C->1 H hyperpolarization transfer in a clinical MRI scanner with customized heteronuclear RF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Peder E. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniele Mammoli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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Pantel AR, Ackerman D, Lee SC, Mankoff DA, Gade TP. Imaging Cancer Metabolism: Underlying Biology and Emerging Strategies. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1340-1349. [PMID: 30042161 PMCID: PMC6126440 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a characteristic feature of malignancy that has been exploited for both imaging and targeted therapy. With regard to imaging, deranged glucose metabolism has been leveraged using 18F-FDG PET. Metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG, however, probes only the early steps of glycolysis; the complexities of metabolism beyond these early steps in this single pathway are not directly captured. New imaging technologies-both PET with novel radiotracers and MR-based methods-provide unique opportunities to investigate other aspects of cellular metabolism and expand the metabolic imaging armamentarium. This review will discuss the underlying biology of metabolic dysregulation in cancer, focusing on glucose, glutamine, and acetate metabolism. Novel imaging strategies will be discussed within this biologic framework, highlighting particular strengths and limitations of each technique. Emphasis is placed on the role that combining modalities will play in enabling multiparametric imaging to fully characterize tumor biology to better inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ackerman
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania .,Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Woo CC, Kaur K, Chan WX, Teo XQ, Lee THP. Inhibiting Glycine Decarboxylase Suppresses Pyruvate-to-Lactate Metabolism in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:196. [PMID: 29911072 PMCID: PMC5992284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) gene is frequently upregulated in various types of cancer including lung, prostate and brain. It catabolizes glycine to yield 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, an important substrate in one-carbon metabolism for nucleotide synthesis. In this study, we used exon splicing modulating steric hindrance antisense oligonucleotide (shAON) to suppress GLDC expression and investigated its effect on pyruvate metabolism via hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The MRS technique allows us to study in vivo metabolic flux in tumor tissues with/without GLDC-shAON intervention. Here, we show that GLDC-shAON treatment is able to suppress lung cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. The carbon-13 MRS results indicated that the conversion of pyruvate into lactate in GLDC-shAON-treated tumor tissues was significantly reduced, when compared with the control groups. This observation corroborated with the reduced activity of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in GLDC-shAON-treated lung cancer cells and tumor tissues. Glycolysis stress test showed that extracellular acidification rate was significantly suppressed after GLDC-shAON treatment. Besides lung cancer, the antitumor effect of GLDC-shAON was also observed in brain, liver, cervical, and prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, it enhanced the treatment efficacy of cisplatin in lung cancer cells. Taken together, our findings illustrate that pyruvate metabolism decreases upon GLDC inhibition, thereby starving cancer cells from critical metabolic fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern Chiuh Woo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kavita Kaur
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Chan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Qi Teo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Hock Philip Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Combined hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRS and 18F-FDG PET (hyperPET) estimates of glycolysis in canine cancer patients. Eur J Radiol 2018; 103:6-12. [PMID: 29803387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) using hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate as a substrate offers a measure of pyruvate-lactate interconversion and is thereby a marker of the elevated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) generally exhibited by cancer cells. Here, we aim to compare hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET in a cross-sectional study of canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients underwent integrated PET/MRI using a clinical whole-body system. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was obtained using dissolution-DNP. 18F-FDG PET, dynamic 13C MRS, 13C MRS Imaging (MRSI) and anatomical 1H MRI was acquired from 17 patients. Apparent pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants were estimated from dynamic 13C MRS. 18F-FDG Standard Uptake Values and maximum [1-13C]lactate-to-total-13C ratios were obtained from tumor regions of interest. Following inspection of data, patients were grouped according to main cancer type and linear regression between measures of lactate generation and 18F-FDG uptake were tested within groups. Between groups, the same measures were tested for group differences. RESULTS The main cancer types of the 17 patients were sarcoma (n = 11), carcinoma (n = 5) and mastocytoma (n = 1). Significant correlations between pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants and 18F-FDG uptake were found for sarcoma patients, whereas no significant correlations appeared for carcinoma patients. The sarcoma patients showed a non-significant trend towards lower 18F-FDG uptake and higher lactate generation than carcinoma patients. However, the ratio of lactate generation to 18F-FDG uptake was found to be significantly higher in sarcoma as compared to carcinoma. The results were found both when lactate generation was estimated as an apparent pyruvate-to-lactate rate constant from dynamic 13C MRS and as an [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio from 13C MRSI. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS with simultaneous 18F-FDG PET indicate that lactate generation and 18F-FDG uptake in cancers can be related and that their relation depend on cancer type. This finding could be important for the interpretation and eventual clinical implementation of hyperpolarized 13C. In addition, the differences between the two modalities may allow for better metabolic phenotyping performing hybrid imaging in the form of hyperPET.
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