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Bock F, Frerker B, Schubert L, Rennau H, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Hildebrandt G, Schwarzenböck SM. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on radiation treatment planning of prostate cancer patients. Nuklearmedizin 2024; 63:199-206. [PMID: 38580313 DOI: 10.1055/a-2284-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on radiation treatment (RT) planning in prostate cancer patients with salvage (sRT) or definitive (dRT) radiotherapy. METHODS 38 patients (27 sRT, median PSA 0.79 ng/ml (range 0.06-12.1); 11 dRT, median PSA 4.35 ng/ml (range 1.55-55.5) underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT before RT. Influence of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on the extent of planning target volume (PTV) and addition of PET-based boosts were assessed. Median follow up was 12 months (range 3-24). RESULTS 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed positive findings in 23/38 patients (8/23: local recurrence (LR), 11/23: nodal metastasis, 1/23: LR and nodal, 2/23: solitary bone metastasis, 1/23: oligometastatic nodal/ bone metastases). In sRT primary PTV was changed in 16/27 patients extending the PTV to the lymphatic drainage (10/16), PSMA-positive LR (3/16), bone metastases (2/16) and both nodal/bone metastases (1/16). PET-based increase of primary PTV was 116%. PET-based boosts were administered in 19/27 patients (8/19: local, 10/19: nodal, 1/19: both), median boost volume was 31.3 cm3 (range 17.2-80.2) (local) and 19.7 cm3 (range 3.0-109.3) (nodal). PTV was changed in 1/11 (9%) of dRT patients (extension of primary PTV to the lymphatic drainage (RT volume of 644.5 cm3), additional nodal boost (volume of 2.7 cm3, 23.1 Gy)). All patients showed biochemical response (mean PSA decrease 88.8 +/- 14.0%). Nadir PSA was reached 10 months (range 1-17) after end of RT (median 0.07 ng/ml, range 0.002-3.96). Within a median 12 months follow-up (range 3-22/8-24 in sRT/dRT), median PSA was 0.05 ng/ml (range 0.002-8.5) (sRT) and 0.26 ng/ml (range 0.02-2.68) (dRT). CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT influenced sRT planning in almost 63% and dRT in 9% of patients by change of PTV and additional boosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bock
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Frerker
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Laura Schubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Rennau
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Bagheri H, Mahdavi SR, Geramifar P, Neshasteh-Riz A, Sajadi Rad M, Dadgar H, Arabi H, Zaidi H. An Update on the Role of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET Imaging in Primary and Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102076. [PMID: 38593599 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to review comparisons of the efficacy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of prostate cancer among patients undergoing initial staging prior to radical prostatectomy or experiencing recurrent prostate cancer, based on histopathological data. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, and relevant articles were analyzed with various parameters, including year of publication, study design, patient count, age, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) value, Gleason score, standardized uptake value (SUVmax), detection rate, treatment history, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and PI-RADS (prostate imaging reporting and data system) scores. Only studies directly comparing PSMA-PET and mpMRI were considered, while those examining combined accuracy or focusing on either modality alone were excluded. In total, 24 studies comprising 1717 patients were analyzed, with the most common indication for screening being staging, followed by relapse. The findings indicated that 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT effectively diagnosed prostate cancer in patients with suspected or confirmed disease, and both methods exhibited comparable efficacy in identifying lesion-specific information. However, notable heterogeneity was observed, highlighting the necessity for standardization of imaging and histopathology systems to mitigate inter-study variability. Future research should prioritize evaluating the combined diagnostic performance of both modalities to enhance sensitivity and reduce unnecessary biopsies. Overall, the utilization of PSMA-PET and mpMRI in combination holds substantial potential for significantly advancing the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parham Geramifar
- Department Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sajadi Rad
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Imam Reza research Center, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging department, RAZAVI Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University 6Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Staal FHE, Janssen J, Oprea-Lager DE, Engelen AM, van Limbergen EJ, Smeenk RJ, de Jong MAA, Budiharto TCG, Jacobs I, Haverkort DMAD, Brouwer CL, Ng Wei Siang K, Langendijk JA, Verzijlbergen JF, de Jong IJ, Noordzij W, Aluwini S. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Based Clinical Target Volume Delineation Guideline for Postprostatectomy Salvage Radiation Therapy: The PERYTON Guideline. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:688-696. [PMID: 37729971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) scan is the standard imaging procedure for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer postprostatectomy because of its high detection rate at low serum prostate-specific antigen levels. However, existing guidelines for clinical target volume (CTV) in prostate bed salvage external beam radiation therapy (sEBRT) are primarily based on experience-based clinical consensus and have been validated using conventional imaging modalities. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize CTV definition in sEBRT by using PSMA PET/CT-detected local recurrences (LRs). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with suspected LR on PSMA PET/CT postprostatectomy were retrospectively enrolled in 9 Dutch centers. Anonymized scans were centrally reviewed by an expert nuclear medicine physician. Each boundary of the CTV guideline from the Groupe Francophone de Radiothérapie en Urologie (GFRU) was evaluated and adapted to improve the accuracy and coverage of the area at risk of LR (CTV) on PSMA PET/CT. The proposed CTV adaptation was discussed with the radiation oncologists of the participating centers, and final consensus was reached. To assess reproducibility, the participating centers were asked to delineate 3 new cases according to the new PERYTON-CTV, and the submitted contours were evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). RESULTS After central review, 93 LRs were identified on 83 PSMA PET/CTs. The proposed CTV definition improved the coverage of PSMA PET/CT-detected LRs from 67% to 96% compared with the GFRU-CTV, while reducing the GFRU-CTV by 25%. The new CTV was highly reproducible, with a mean DSC of 0.82 (range, 0.81-0.83). CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the optimization of CTV definition in postprostatectomy sEBRT by using the pattern of LR detected on PSMA PET/CT. The PERYTON-CTV is highly reproducible across the participating centers and ensures coverage of 96% LRs while reducing the GFRU-CTV by 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor H E Staal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorinde Janssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evert J van Limbergen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Smeenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom C G Budiharto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Jacobs
- Zuidwest Radiotherapeutisch Instituut, Vlissingen/Roosendaal, The Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte L Brouwer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kelvin Ng Wei Siang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fred Verzijlbergen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingle Jan de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shafak Aluwini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hu C, Qiao X, Hu C, Cao C, Wang X, Bao J. The practical clinical role of machine learning models with different algorithms in predicting prostate cancer local recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38326860 PMCID: PMC10848341 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of local recurrence for prostate cancer (PCa) patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) is challenging and can influence the treatment plan. Our aim was to construct and verify machine learning models with three different algorithms based on post-operative mpMRI for predicting local recurrence of PCa after RP and explore their potential clinical value compared with the Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) score of expert-level radiologists. METHODS A total of 176 patients were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training (n = 123) and testing (n = 53) sets. The PI-RR assessments were performed by two expert-level radiologists with access to the operative histopathological and pre-surgical clinical results. The radiomics models to predict local recurrence were built by utilizing three different algorithms (i.e., support vector machine [SVM], linear discriminant analysis [LDA], and logistic regression-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LR-LASSO]). The combined model integrating radiomics features and PI-RR score was developed using the most effective classifier. The classification performances of the proposed models were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the training and testing sets concerning age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, T-stage, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and positive surgical margins (PSM). The radiomics model based on LR-LASSO exhibited superior performance than other radiomics models, with an AUC of 0.858 in the testing set; the PI-RR yielded an AUC of 0.833, and there was no significant difference between the best radiomics model and the PI-RR score. The combined model achieved the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.924, and a significant difference was observed between the combined model and PI-RR score. CONCLUSIONS Our radiomics model is an effective tool to predict PCa local recurrence after RP. By integrating radiomics features with the PI-RR score, our combined model exhibited significantly better predictive performance of local recurrence than expert-level radiologists' PI-RR assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Hu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Changhao Cao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188#, Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Roberts MJ, Conduit C, Davis ID, Effeney RM, Williams S, Martin JM, Hofman MS, Hruby G, Eapen R, Gianacas C, Papa N, Lourenço RDA, Dhillon HM, Allen R, Fontela A, Kaur B, Emmett L. The Dedicated Imaging Post-Prostatectomy for Enhanced Radiotherapy outcomes (DIPPER) trial protocol: a multicentre, randomised trial of salvage radiotherapy versus surveillance for low-risk biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2024; 133 Suppl 3:39-47. [PMID: 37604702 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvage radiation therapy (SRT) and surveillance for low-risk prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence have competing risks and benefits. The efficacy of early SRT to the prostate bed with or without pelvic lymph nodes compared to surveillance in patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy and no identifiable recurrent disease evident on prostate specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) is unknown. STUDY DESIGN The Dedicated Imaging Post-Prostatectomy for Enhanced Radiotherapy outcomes (DIPPER) is an open-label, multicentre, randomised Phase II trial. ENDPOINTS The primary endpoint is 3-year event-free survival, with events comprising one of PSA recurrence (PSA ≥0.2 ng/mL higher than baseline), radiological evidence of metastatic disease, or initiation of systemic or other salvage treatments. Secondary endpoints include patient-reported outcomes, treatment patterns, participant perceptions, and cost-effectiveness. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible participants have PSA recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, defined by serum PSA level of 0.2-0.5 ng/mL, deemed low risk according to modified European Association of Urology biochemical recurrence risk criteria (International Society for Urological Pathology Grade Group ≤2, PSA doubling time >12 months), with no definite/probable recurrent prostate cancer on PSMA-PET/CT. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 100 participants will be recruited from five Australian centres and randomised 1:1 to SRT or surveillance. Participants will undergo 6-monthly clinical evaluation for up to 36 months. Androgen-deprivation therapy is not permissible. Enrolment commenced May 2023. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN: ACTRN12622001478707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Roberts
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia
- Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, Qld, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ciara Conduit
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Vic., Australia
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rachel M Effeney
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia
- Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, Qld, Australia
| | - Scott Williams
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jarad M Martin
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - George Hruby
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renu Eapen
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Chris Gianacas
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenço
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ray Allen
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoinette Fontela
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Baldeep Kaur
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Emmett
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Weiner AB, Agrawal R, Valle LF, Sonni I, Kishan AU, Rettig MB, Raman SS, Calais J, Boutros PC, Reiter RE. Impact of PSMA PET on Prostate Cancer Management. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:191-205. [PMID: 38270802 PMCID: PMC11034977 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT PSMA-PET has been a practice-changing imaging biomarker for the management of men with PCa. Research suggests improved accuracy over conventional imaging and other PET radiotracers in many contexts. With multiple approved PSMA-targeting radiotracers, PSMA PET will become even more available in clinical practice. Its increased use requires an understanding of the prospective data available and caution when extrapolating from prior trial data that utilized other imaging modalities. Future trials leveraging PSMA PET for treatment optimization and management decision-making will ultimately drive its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Raag Agrawal
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luca F Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ida Sonni
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven S Raman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Sood A, Kishan AU, Evans CP, Feng FY, Morgan TM, Murphy DG, Padhani AR, Pinto P, Van der Poel HG, Tilki D, Briganti A, Abdollah F. The Impact of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Tumor Molecular Profiling on Risk Stratification, Treatment Choice, and Oncological Outcomes of Patients with Primary or Relapsed Prostate Cancer: An International Collaborative Review of the Existing Literature. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:27-43. [PMID: 37423774 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The clinical introduction of next-generation imaging methods and molecular biomarkers ("radiogenomics") has revolutionized the field of prostate cancer (PCa). While the clinical validity of these tests has thoroughly been vetted, their clinical utility remains a matter of investigation. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence to date on the impact of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and tissue-based prognostic biomarkers, including Decipher, Prolaris, and Oncotype Dx, on the risk stratification, treatment choice, and oncological outcomes of men with newly diagnosed PCa or those with biochemical failure (BCF). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a quantitative systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases (2010-2022) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines. The validated Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 scoring system was used to assess the risk of bias. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 148 studies (130 on PET and 18 on biomarkers) were included. In the primary PCa setting, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET imaging was not useful in improving T staging, moderately useful in improving N staging, but consistently useful in improving M staging in patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) unfavorable intermediate- to very-high-risk PCa. Its use led to a management change in 20-30% of patients. However, the effect of these treatment changes on survival outcomes was not clear. Similarly, biomarkers in the pretherapy primary PCa setting increased and decreased the risk, respectively, in 7-30% and 32-36% of NCCN low-risk and 31-65% and 4-15% of NCCN favorable intermediate-risk patients being considered for active surveillance. A change in management was noted in up to 65% of patients, with the change being in line with the molecular risk-based reclassification, but again, the impact of these changes on survival outcomes remained unclear. Notably, in the postsurgical primary PCa setting, biomarker-guided adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) was associated with improved oncological control: Δ↓ 2-yr BCF by 22% (level 2b). In the BCF setting, the data were more mature. PSMA PET was consistently useful in improving disease localization-Δ↑ detection for T, N, and M staging was 13-32%, 19-58%, and 9-29%, respectively. Between 29% and 73% of patients had a change in management. Most importantly, these management changes were associated with improved survival outcomes in three trials: Δ↑ 4-yr disease-free survival by 24.3%, Δ↑ 6-mo metastasis-free survival (MFS) by 46.7%, and Δ↑ androgen deprivation therapy-free survival by 8 mo in patients who received PET-concordant RT (level 1b-2b). Biomarker testing in these patients also appeared to be helpful in risk stratifying and guiding the use of early salvage RT (sRT) and concomitant hormonal therapy. Patients with high-genomic-risk scores benefitted from treatment intensification: Δ↑ 8-yr MFS by 20% with the use of early sRT and Δ↑ 12-yr MFS by 11.2% with the use of hormonal therapy alongside early sRT, while low-genomic-risk score patients did equally well with initial conservative management (level 3). CONCLUSIONS Both PSMA PET imaging and tumor molecular profiling provide actionable information in the management of men with primary PCa and those with BCF. Emerging data suggest that radiogenomics-guided treatments translate into direct survival benefits for patients, however, additional prospective data are awaited. PATIENT SUMMARY In this review, we evaluated the utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and tumor molecular profiling in guiding the care of men with prostate cancer (PCa). We found that these tests augmented risk stratification, altered management, and improved cancer control in men with a new diagnosis of PCa or for those experiencing a relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Urology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anwar R Padhani
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - Peter Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henk G Van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Firas Abdollah
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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Sabbagh A, Tilki D, Feng J, Huland H, Graefen M, Wiegel T, Böhmer D, Hong JC, Valdes G, Cowan JE, Cooperberg M, Feng FY, Mohammad T, Shelan M, D'Amico AV, Carroll PR, Mohamad O. Multi-institutional Development and External Validation of a Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of Distant Metastasis in Patients Treated by Salvage Radiotherapy for Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus 2024; 10:66-74. [PMID: 37507248 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 40% of patients with prostate cancer may develop biochemical recurrence after surgery, with salvage radiation therapy (SRT) being the only curative option. In 2016, Tendulkar et al. (Contemporary update of a multi-institutional predictive nomogram for salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3648-54) published a nomogram to predict distant metastasis in a cohort of patients treated with SRT with pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 0.5 ng/ml after radical prostatectomy. In modern practice, SRT is delivered at lower PSA values. OBJECTIVE To train and externally validate a machine learning model to predict the risk of distant metastasis at 5 yr in a contemporary cohort of patients receiving SRT. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We trained a machine learning model on data from 2418 patients treated with SRT at one institution, with a median PSA value of 0.27 ng/ml. External validation was done in 475 patients treated at two different institutions. Patients with cM1, pN1, or pT4 disease were excluded, as were patients with PSA >2 ng/ml or PSA 0, and patients with radiation dose <60 or ≥80 Gy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Model performance was assessed using calibration and time-dependent area under the receiver operating curve (tAUC). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Our model had better calibration and showed improved discrimination (tAUC = 0.72) compared with the Tendulkar model (tAUC = 0.60, p < 0.001). The main limitations of this study are its retrospective design and lack of validation on patients who received hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS The updated model can be used to provide more individualized risk assessments to patients treated with SRT at low PSA values, improving decision-making. PATIENT SUMMARY Up to 40% of patients with prostate cancer may develop biochemical recurrence after surgery, with salvage radiation therapy as the only potentially curative option. We trained and validated a machine learning model using clinical and surgical data to predict a patient's risk of distant metastasis at 5 yr after treatment. Our model outperformed the reference tool and can improve clinical decision-making by providing more personalized risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sabbagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital-Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital-Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital-Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radio Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk Böhmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian C Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gilmer Valdes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet E Cowan
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Cooperberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Shelan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony V D'Amico
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a significant health concern worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates. Early and accurate detection and localization of recurrent disease at biochemical recurrence (BCR) is critical for guiding subsequent therapeutic decisions and improving patient outcomes. At BCR, conventional imaging consisting of CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy are recommended by US and European guidelines, however, these modalities all bear certain limitations in detecting metastatic disease, particularly in low-volume relapse at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Molecular imaging with PET/CT or PET/MRI using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting radiopharmaceuticals has revolutionized imaging of PC. Particularly at BCR PC, PSMA PET has shown better diagnostic performance compared to conventional imaging in detecting local relapse and metastases, even at very low PSA levels. The most recent version of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline has included PSMA-targeted PET/CT or PET/MRI for the localization of BCR PC. There are several different PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals labeled with different radioisotopes, each with slightly different characteristics, but overall similar high sensitivity and specificity for PC. PSMA-targeted PET has the potential to significantly impact patient care by guiding personalized treatment decisions and thus improving outcomes in BCR PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Duan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
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10
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Swiha M, Ayati N, Oprea-Lager DE, Ceci F, Emmett L. How to Report PSMA PET. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:14-29. [PMID: 37558507 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in most developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) has become a valuable tool in the staging and assessment of disease recurrence in PCa, and more recently for assessment for treatment eligibility to PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT). Harmonization of PSMA-PET interpretation and synoptic reports are needed to communicate concisely and reproducibly PSMA-PET/CT to referring physicians and to support clinician therapeutic management decisions in various stages of the disease. Uniform image interpretation is also important to provide comparable data between clinical trials and to translate such data from research to daily practice. This review provides an overview of the value of PSMA-PET across the different clinical stages of PCa, discusses published reporting criteria for PSMA-PET, identifies pitfalls in reporting PSMA, and provides recommendations for synoptic reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Swiha
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Narjess Ayati
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University. Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Lawal IO, Ndlovu H, Kgatle M, Mokoala KMG, Sathekge MM. Prognostic Value of PSMA PET/CT in Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:46-59. [PMID: 37482489 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the majority of prostate cancer (PCa). PSMA has an enzymatic function that makes metabolic substrates such as folate available for utilization by PCa cells. Intracellular folate availability drives aggressive tumor phenotype. PSMA expression is, therefore, a marker of aggressive tumor biology. The large extracellular domain of PSMA is available for targeting by diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides, making it a suitable cellular epitope for theranostics. PET imaging of radiolabeled PSMA ligands has several prognostic utilities. In the prebiopsy setting, intense PSMA avidity in a prostate lesion correlate well with clinically significant PCa (csPCa) on histology. When used for staging, PSMA PET imaging outperforms conventional imaging for the accurate staging of primary PCa, and findings on imaging predict post-treatment outcomes. The biggest contribution of PSMA PET imaging to PCa management is in the biochemical recurrence setting, where it has emerged as the most sensitive imaging modality for the localization of PCa recurrence by helping to guide salvage therapy. PSMA PET obtained for localizing the site of recurrence is prognostic, such that a higher lesion number predicts a less favorable outcome to salvage radiotherapy or surgical intervention. Systemic therapy is given to patients with advanced PCa with distant metastasis. PSMA PET is useful for predicting response to treatments with chemotherapy, first- and second-line androgen deprivation therapies, and PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy. Artificial intelligence using machine learning algorithms allows for the mining of information from clinical images not visible to the human eyes. Artificial intelligence applied to PSMA PET images, therefore, holds great promise for prognostication in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel O Lawal
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Honest Ndlovu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mankgopo Kgatle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kgomotso M G Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
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12
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Ah-Thiane L, Sargos P, Chapet O, Jolicoeur M, Terlizzi M, Salembier C, Boustani J, Prevost C, Gaudioz S, Derashodian T, Palumbo S, De Hertogh O, Créhange G, Zilli T, Supiot S. Managing postoperative biochemical relapse in prostate cancer, from the perspective of the Francophone group of Urological radiotherapy (GFRU). Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 120:102626. [PMID: 37734178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Up to 50% of patients treated with radical surgery for localized prostate cancer may experience biochemical recurrence that requires appropriate management. Definitions of biochemical relapse may vary, but, in all cases, consist of an increase in a PSA without clinical or radiological signs of disease. Molecular imaging through to positron emission tomography has taken a preponderant place in relapse diagnosis, progressively replacing bone scan and CT-scan. Prostate bed radiotherapy is currently a key treatment, the action of which should be potentiated by androgen deprivation therapy. Nowadays perspectives consist in determining the best combination therapies, particularly thanks to next-generation hormone therapies, but not exclusively. Several trials are ongoing and should address these issues. We present here a literature review aiming to discuss the current management of biochemical relapse in prostate cancer after radical surgery, in lights of recent findings, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Ah-Thiane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ICO René Gauducheau, St-Herblain, France
| | - Paul Sargos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bergonie Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Chapet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marjory Jolicoeur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charles Le Moyne Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mario Terlizzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Carl Salembier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Europe Hospitals Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jihane Boustani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Célia Prevost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sonya Gaudioz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Talar Derashodian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sindi Ahluwalia Hawkins Centre, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Samuel Palumbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU UCL Namur-Sainte Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Hertogh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHR Verviers East Belgium, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Gilles Créhange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Curie Institute, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ICO René Gauducheau, St-Herblain, France.
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13
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Le Guevelou J, Magne N, Counago F, Magsanoc JM, Vermeille M, De Crevoisier R, Benziane-Ouaritini N, Ost P, Niazi T, Supiot S, Sargos P. Stereotactic body radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: current status and future directions. World J Urol 2023; 41:3333-3344. [PMID: 37725131 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Around 40% of men with intermediate-risk or high-risk prostate cancer will experience a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this review is to describe both toxicity and oncological outcomes following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered to the prostate bed (PB). METHOD In april 2023, we performed a systematic review of studies published in MEDLINE or ClinicalTrials.gov according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using the keywords "stereotactic radiotherapy" AND "postoperative" AND "prostate cancer". RESULTS A total of 14 studies assessing either adjuvant or salvage SBRT to the whole PB or macroscopic local recurrence (MLR) within the PB, and SBRT on radiorecurrent MLR within the PB were included. Doses delivered to either whole PB or MLR between 30 to 40 Gy are associated with a low rate of late grade ≥ 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity, ranging from 2.2 to 15.1%. Doses above 40 Gy are associated with increased rate of late GU toxicity, raising up to 38%. Oncological outcomes should be interpreted with caution, due to both short follow-up, heterogeneous populations and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use. CONCLUSION PB or MLR SBRT delivered at doses up to 40 Gy appears safe with relatively low late severe GU toxicity rates. Caution is needed with dose-escalated RT schedules above 40 Gy. Further prospective trials are eagerly awaited in this disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Magne
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Felipe Counago
- Radiation Oncology Department, GenesisCare Madrid Clinical Director, San Francisco de Asis and La Milagrosa Hospitals, National Chair of Research and Clinical Trials, GenesisCare, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthieu Vermeille
- Radiation Oncology Department, Genolier Swiss Radio-Oncology Network, Genolier, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Piet Ost
- Radiation Oncology Department, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tamim Niazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Sargos
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Champion A, Zwhalen DR, Oehler C, Taussky D, Kroeze SGC, Burger IA, Benzaquen D. Can PSMA PET/CT help in dose-tailoring in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1268309. [PMID: 37799463 PMCID: PMC10548198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1268309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few randomized trials to evaluate the use of PSMA-PET in the planning of post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. There are two unresolved questions 1) should we increase the dose to lesions visible on PSMA-PET 2) can we reduce dose in the case of a negative PSMA-PET. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence in the literature. We found that in general, there seems to be an advantage for dose-increase, but ta large recent study from the pre-PSMA era didn't show an advantage for dose escalation. Retrospective studies have shown that conventional doses to PSMA-PET-positive lesions seem sufficient. On the other hand, in the case of a negative PSMA-PET, there is no evidence that dose-reduction is possible. In the future, the combination of PSMA-PET with genomic classifiers could help in better identify patients who might benefit from either dose- de-or -increase. We further need to identify intraindividual references to help identify lesions with higher aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Oehler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Taussky
- Radiation Oncology, Hôpital de La Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie G. C. Kroeze
- Department of Radiation Oncology Kantonsspital Aarau and Baden, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Francolini G, Banini M, Di Cataldo V, Detti B, Caini S, Loi M, Simontacchi G, Desideri I, Greto D, Valzano M, Roghi M, Serni S, Vaggelli L, Salvestrini V, Visani L, Becherini C, Olmetto E, Franzese C, Baldaccini D, Scorsetti M, Sollini M, Chiti A, Meattini I, Valicenti RK, Livi L. PSMA guided approach for bIoCHEmical relapse after prostatectomy- (PSICHE) trial (NCT05022914). Detection rate and treatment decision after 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT within a prospective study. Prostate 2023; 83:1201-1206. [PMID: 37290915 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasensitive imaging has been demonstrated to influence biochemical relapse treatment. PSICHE is a multicentric prospective study, aimed at exploring detection rate with 68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and outcomes with a predefined treatment algorithm tailored to the imaging. METHODS Patients affected by biochemical recurrence after surgery (prostate specific antigen [PSA] > 0.2 < 1 ng/mL) underwent staging with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Management followed this treatment algorithm accordingly with PSMA results: prostate bed salvage radiotherapy (SRT) if negative or positive within prostate bed, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) if pelvic nodal recurrences or oligometastatic disease, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) if nonoligometastatic disease. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline features and rate of positive PSMA PET/CT. RESULTS One hundred patients were enrolled. PSMA results were negative/positive in the prostate bed in 72 patients, pelvic nodal or extrapelvic metastatic disease were detected in 23 and 5 patients. Twenty-one patients underwent observation because of prior postoperative radiotherapy (RT)/treatment refusal. Fifty patients were treated with prostate bed SRT, 23 patients underwent SBRT to pelvic nodal disease, five patients were treated with SBRT to oligometastatic disease. One patient underwent ADT. NCCN high-risk features, stage > pT3 and ISUP score >3 reported a significantly higher rate of positive PSMA PET/CT after restaging (p = 0.01, p = 0.02, and p = 0.002). By quartiles of PSA, rate of positive PSMA PET/CT was 26.9% (>0.2; <0.29 ng/mL), 24% (>0.3; <0.37 ng/mL), 26.9% (>0.38; <0.51 ng/mL), and 34.7% (>0. 52; <0.98 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS PSICHE trial constitute a useful platform to collect data within a clinical framework where modern imaging and metastasis-directed therapy are integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Francolini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Banini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simontacchi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marianna Valzano
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuele Roghi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Vaggelli
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Salvestrini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Visani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Becherini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olmetto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ciro Franzese
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCSS, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Davide Baldaccini
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCSS, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCSS, Milan-Rozzano, Italy
| | - Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Icro Meattini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Livi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Khanna Y, Chinni V, Gnanasambantham K, O'Sullivan R, Ballok ZE, Ryan A, Ramdave S, Sivaratnam D, Bowden P, Guerrieri M, Ranasinghe WKB, Frydenberg M. Can 68 Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography and multiparametric MRI guide treatment for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? BJU Int 2023; 132:321-328. [PMID: 37190993 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and Gallium-68 (68 Ga)-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in guiding salvage therapy for patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) post-radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were evaluated with paired mpMRI and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans for BCR (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] >0.2 ng/mL). Patient, tumour, PSA and imaging characteristics were analysed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 117 patients underwent paired scans to investigate BCR, of whom 53.0% (62/117) had detectable lesions on initial scans and 47.0% (55/117) did not. Of those without detectable lesions, 8/55 patients proceeded to immediate salvage radiotherapy (sRT) and 47/55 were observed. Of patients with negative imaging who were initially observed, 46.8% (22/47) did not reach threshold for repeat imaging, while 53.2% were rescanned due to rising PSA levels. Of these rescanned patients, 31.9% (15/47) were spared sRT due to proven distant disease, or due to absence of disease on repeat imaging. Of the original 117 patients, 53 (45.3%) were spared early sRT due to absence of disease on imaging or presence of distant disease, while those undergoing delayed sRT still maintained good PSA responses. Of note, patients with high-risk features who underwent sRT despite negative imaging demonstrated satisfactory PSA responses to sRT. Study limitations include the observational design and absence of cause-specific or overall survival data. CONCLUSION Our findings support the use of mpMRI and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in guiding timing and necessity of salvage therapy tailored to detected lesions, with potential to reduce unnecessary sRT-related morbidity. Larger or randomized trials are warranted to validate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Vidyasagar Chinni
- Australian Urology Associates, Malvern, Vic., Australia
- Northern Health, Epping, Vic., Australia
| | - Kavitha Gnanasambantham
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weranja K B Ranasinghe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Australian Urology Associates, Malvern, Vic., Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Vic., Australia
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17
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Pant V, Vinjamuri S, Zanial AZ, Naeem F. Lessons from a 3-Year Review of PSMA PET-CT in a Tertiary Setting: Can We Fine Tune Referral Criteria by Identifying Factors Predicting Positivity and Negativity? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2542. [PMID: 37568904 PMCID: PMC10417573 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To draw inferences from a retrospective evaluation of PSMA PET CT scans performed for the evaluation of biochemical recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 295 PSMA PET CT scans spanning 3 years between 2020 and 2022 was undertaken. RESULTS Of 295 PET CT scans, 179 were positive, 66 were negative and 50 had indeterminate findings. In the positive group, 67 had radical prostatectomy and PSMA avid lesions were seen most commonly in pelvic lymph nodes. The remaining 112 positive scans were in the non-radical prostatectomy group; 25 had recurrence only in the prostate, 17 had recurrence involving the prostate bed; 28 had no recurrence in the prostate gland, while 42 had recurrence in the prostate as well as in extra-prostatic sites. Overall, in the non-prostatectomy group, 75% of the population was harboring a PSMA avid lesion in the prostate gland while in the remaining 25% of the population, recurrence did not involve the prostate gland. The majority of indeterminate findings were seen in small pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes or skeletal regions (ribs/others) and in nine patients indeterminate focus was seen in the prostate bed only. Follow-up PSMA PET CT was helpful in prior indeterminate findings and unexplained PSA rise. CONCLUSION A higher recurrence in the prostate bed while evaluating biochemical recurrence prompts the following: question: should prostatectomy be offered more proactively? Follow-up PSMA PET CT is helpful for indeterminate findings; a PSA rise of 0.7 ng/mL in 6 months can result in positive PSMA PET CT while negative scans can be seen up to a 2 ng/mL PSA rise in 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pant
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L78XP, UK; (S.V.); (F.N.)
| | - Sobhan Vinjamuri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L78XP, UK; (S.V.); (F.N.)
| | - Ahmad Zaid Zanial
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
| | - Faisal Naeem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L78XP, UK; (S.V.); (F.N.)
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18
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Scharl S, Zamboglou C, Strouthos I, Farolfi A, Serani F, Lanzafame H, Giuseppe Morganti A, Trapp C, Koerber SA, Debus J, Peeken JC, Vogel MME, Vrachimis A, K B Spohn S, Ruf J, Grosu AL, Ceci F, Fendler WP, Bartenstein P, Kroeze SGC, Guckenberger M, Krafcsik M, Klopscheck C, Fanti S, Hruby G, Emmett L, Belka C, Stief C, Schmidt-Hegemann NS, Henkenberens C, Mayer B, Miksch J, Shelan M, Aebersold DM, Thamm R, Wiegel T. Salvage radiotherapy is effective in patients with PSMA-PET-negative biochemical recurrence- results of a retrospective study. Radiother Oncol 2023; 184:109678. [PMID: 37146766 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Purpose: The present study aimed to assess whether SRT to the prostatic fossa should be initiated in a timely manner after detecting biochemical recurrence (BR) in patients with prostate cancer, when no correlate was identified with prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, multicenter analysis included 1222 patients referred for PSMA-PET after a radical prostatectomy due to BR. Exclusion criteria were: pathological lymph node metastases, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) persistence, distant or lymph node metastases, nodal irradiation, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This led to a cohort of 341 patients. Biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) was the primary study endpoint. RESULTS The median follow-up was 28.0 months. The 3-year BPFS was 71.6% in PET-negative cases and 80.8% in locally PET-positive cases. This difference was significant in univariate (p=0.019), but not multivariate analyses (p=0.366, HR: 1.46, 95%CI: 0.64-3.32). The 3-year BPFS in PET-negative cases was significantly influenced by age (p=0.005), initial pT3/4 (p<0.001), pathology scores (ISUP) ≥3 (p=0.026), and doses to fossa >70 Gy (p=0.027) in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, only age (HR: 1.096, 95%CI: 1.023-1.175, p=0.009) and PSA-doubling time (HR: 0.339, 95%CI: 0.139-0.826, p=0.017) remained significant. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, this study provided the largest SRT analysis in patients without ADT that were lymph node-negative on PSMA-PET. A multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in BPFS between locally PET-positive and PET-negative cases. These results supported the current EAU recommendation to initiate SRT in a timely manner after detecting BR in PET negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Scharl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany.
| | - Constantinos Zamboglou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center -Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Iosif Strouthos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Serani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Helena Lanzafame
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital - University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Christian Trapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan C Peeken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marco M E Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Vrachimis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus; C.A.R.I.C. Cancer Research & Innovation Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Simon K B Spohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center -Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center -Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie G C Kroeze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Canton Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel Krafcsik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefano Fanti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - George Hruby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital - University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Henkenberens
- Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Miksch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohamed Shelan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Thamm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
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19
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Park MY, Park KJ, Kim MH, Kim JK. Focal nodular enhancement on DCE MRI of the prostatectomy bed: radiologic-pathologic correlations and prognostic value. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:2985-2994. [PMID: 36350389 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the concordance of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging findings with clinico-pathologic characteristics and their prognostic impact for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent MRI within 1 year after RP between November 2019 and October 2020. DCE findings and their concordance with the presence and location of positive surgical margin (PSM) were assessed using RP specimens. Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of DCE findings for BCR. RESULTS Among the 272 men (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.6 ± 7.4 years), focal nodular enhancement was more frequently observed in those with PSM compared to those with negative margin (85.4% versus 14.6%; p < 0.001). The sites of focal nodular enhancement were 72.9% (35/48) concordant with the PSM locations. Focal nodular enhancement was associated with a higher Gleason score, higher preoperative PSA (≥ 10 ng/mL), higher Gleason grade at the surgical margin, and non-limited margin involvement (p = 0.002, 0.006, 0.032, and 0.001, respectively). In patients without BCR at the time of MRI, focal nodular enhancement was associated with a shorter time to BCR (p < 0.001) and a significant factor predicting 1-year BCR in both univariate (odds ratio = 8.4 [95% CI: 2.5-28.3]; p = 0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio = 5.49 [1.56-19.3]; p = 0.008) analyses. CONCLUSIONS Focal nodular enhancement on post-prostatectomy MRI was associated with adverse clinico-pathologic characteristics of high risk for recurrence and can be a predictor for 1-year BCR in patients undergoing RP. KEY POINTS • Focal nodular enhancement (PI-RR DCE score ≥ 4) was 72.9% (35/48) concordant with the site of positive resection margin by radiologic-histologic correlation. • Focal nodular enhancement (PI-RR DCE score ≥ 4) was associated with higher Gleason score ( ≥ 8), preoperative PSA ( > 10 ng/mL), and Gleason grade 4 or 5 at the surgical margin and non-limited margin involvement (p ≤ 0.032). • In patients without BCR at the time of MRI, focal nodular enhancement was a significant factor predicting 1-year BCR (odds ratio = 5.49; 95% CI: 1.56-19.3; p = 0.008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yeon Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Kye Jin Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
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20
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Farneti A, Bottero M, Faiella A, Giannarelli D, Bertini L, Landoni V, Vici P, D’Urso P, Sanguineti G. The Prognostic Value of DCE-MRI Findings before Salvage Radiotherapy after Radical Prostatectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041246. [PMID: 36831588 PMCID: PMC9954112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the predictive role of dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) findings before salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS This retrospective study selected patients with biochemical failure (BF) after RP restaged with DCE-MRI. Patients underwent sRT in 30 fractions delivering 66-69 Gy and 73.5 Gy to the prostatic fossa and to the local failure as per DCE-MRI, respectively. Pelvic nodes were treated to 54 Gy in selected patients. The endpoint was BF after sRT. RESULTS In total, 236 patients were analyzed and 146 (61.9%) had presumed local failure at DCE-MRI: 54.8%, 23.8% and 21.4% were found at the vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA), the bladder neck and the retro-vesical space, respectively. The presence of a local failure at DCE-MRI halved the risk of BF; VUA-only location and lesion volume were independently correlated with survival without evidence of biochemical failure (bNED) at multivariable analysis. For patients with VUA-only disease up to 0.4 cc, the 4-year-bNED was 94.6% (95%CI: 80.2-98.6%) as opposed to 80.9% (95%CI: 71.6-87.4%) and 73.7% (95%CI: 63.1-81.8%) for other lesions and no macrodisease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DCE-MRI at restaging for BF after RP provides predictive and therapeutic information. Patients with small lesions at the VUA have an excellent prognosis after sRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Farneti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Bottero
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Faiella
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bertini
- Radiology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Landoni
- Physics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Phase IV Studies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualina D’Urso
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Three Months' PSA and Toxicity from a Prospective Trial Investigating STereotactic sAlvage Radiotherapy for Macroscopic Prostate Bed Recurrence after Prostatectomy-STARR (NCT05455736). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030992. [PMID: 36765948 PMCID: PMC9913280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical recurrences after radical prostatectomy (RP) can be managed with curative purpose through salvage radiation therapy (SRT). RT dose escalation, such as stereotactic RT (SSRT), may improve relapse-free survival in this setting. STARR trial (NCT05455736) is a prospective multicenter study including patients affected by macroscopic recurrence within the prostate bed after RP treated with SSRT. Recurrence was detected with a Choline or PSMA CT-PET. In the current analysis, the early biochemical response (BR) rate and toxicity profile after three months of follow-up were assessed. Twenty-five patients were enrolled, and data about BR and toxicity at three months after treatment were available for 19 cases. Overall, BR was detected after three months in 58% of cases. Four G1-G2 adverse events were recorded; no G ≥ 3 adverse events were detected. SSRT appears feasible and safe, with more than half of patients experiencing BR and an encouraging toxicity profile. The STARR trial is one of the few prospective studies aimed at implementing this promising treatment strategy in this scenario.
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22
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Roberts MJ, Maurer T, Perera M, Eiber M, Hope TA, Ost P, Siva S, Hofman MS, Murphy DG, Emmett L, Fendler WP. Using PSMA imaging for prognostication in localized and advanced prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:23-47. [PMID: 36473945 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed applications in modern prostate cancer management has evolved rapidly over the past few years, helping to establish new treatment pathways and provide further insights into prostate cancer biology. However, the prognostic implications of PSMA-PET have not been studied systematically, owing to rapid clinical implementation without long follow-up periods to determine intermediate-term and long-term oncological outcomes. Currently available data suggest that traditional prognostic factors and survival outcomes are associated with high PSMA expression (both according to immunohistochemistry and PET uptake) in men with localized and biochemically recurrent disease. Treatment with curative intent (primary and/or salvage) often fails when PSMA-positive metastases are present; however, the sensitivity of PSMA-PET in detecting all metastases is poor. Low PSMA-PET uptake in recurrent disease is a favourable prognostic factor; however, it can be associated with poor prognosis in conjunction with high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical trials embedding PSMA-PET for guiding management with reliable oncological outcomes are needed to support ongoing clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Urology, Redcliffe Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlon Perera
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shankar Siva
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Radiation Oncology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- PET Committee of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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23
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Ben Shimol J, Lewin R, Symon Z, Rosenzweig B, Leibowitz-Amit R, Eshet Y, Domachevsky L, Davidson T. The Utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Decisions Regarding Administering Salvage Radiotherapy to Men with Prostate Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:537. [PMID: 36612859 PMCID: PMC9819101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous papers have described 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)'s sensitivity in identifying prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence. This study aimed to characterize the role of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in deciding to re-irradiate pelvic structures. METHODS 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans performed at Sheba Medical Center over seven years in 113 men were reviewed. All had undergone radiation to the prostate (70, 61.9%) or post-radical prostatectomy radiation to the prostate fossa (PF) (43, 48.1%), and had local or oligometastatic PCa recurrence and received salvage radiotherapy (SRT) based on PET/CT findings. RESULTS Mean age was 70.7 years. The mean grade group was 2.9; the mean prostate-specific antigen was 9.0. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT positive findings included: 37 (32.7%) in the prostate, 23 (20.4%) in seminal vesicles, 7 (6.2%) in the PF, and 3 (2.7%) in the seminal vesicle fossa. The mean standardized uptake value was 10.6 ± 10.2 (range: 1.4-61.6); the mean lesion size was 1.8 ± 3.5 mm (range: 0.5-5.1). SRT was directed toward the prostate and seminal vesicles in 48 (42.5%), PF in 18 (15.9%), and intrapelvic lymph node and bone in 47 (41.6%). Toxicities were mostly mild to moderate. CONCLUSION 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-identified relapse with targeted SRT was well-tolerated and may result in less onerous treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ben Shimol
- Barzilai Medical Center, Ashqelon 7830604, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ron Lewin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Zvi Symon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Urology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Raya Leibowitz-Amit
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Oncology Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 7033001, Israel
| | - Yael Eshet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Tima Davidson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
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24
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Nabian N, Ghalehtaki R, Couñago F. Necessity of Pelvic Lymph Node Irradiation in Patients with Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy in the PSMA PET/CT Era: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010038. [PMID: 36672547 PMCID: PMC9855373 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main prostate cancer (PCa) treatments include surgery or radiotherapy (with or without ADT). However, none of the suggested treatments eliminates the risk of lymph node metastases. Conventional imaging methods, including MRI and CT scanning, are not sensitive enough for the diagnosis of lymph node metastases; however, the novel imaging method, PSMA PET/CT scanning, has provided valuable information about the pelvic LN involvement in patients with recurrent PCa (RPCa) after radical prostatectomy. The high sensitivity and negative predictive value enable accurate N staging in PCa patients. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence on the treatment and extent of radiation in prostate-only or whole-pelvis radiation in patients with positive and negative LN involvement on PSMA PET/CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Nabian
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1419733141, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1419733141, Iran
| | - Reza Ghalehtaki
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1419733141, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1419733141, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco de Asís and La Milagrosa Hospitals, GenesisCare, 28010 Madrid, Spain
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Li B, Duan L, Shi J, Han Y, Wei W, Cheng X, Cao Y, Kader A, Ding D, Wu X, Gao Y. Diagnostic performance of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA SPECT/CT for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1072437. [PMID: 36568205 PMCID: PMC9768541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1072437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA is a novel technetium-99m-labeled small-molecule inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for detection of prostate cancer. The present study investigated the diagnostic yield of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT in 147 patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Methods 147 patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy were finally eligible for this retrospective analysis. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.26 ng/mL (range, 0.22-187.40 ng/mL). Of the 147 patients, 72 patients received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) at least 6 months before the 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA SPECT/CT. All patients underwent planar whole-body scans and subsequent SPECT/CT of the thoracic and abdominal regions after intravenous injection of 705 ± 70 MBq of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA. Images were evaluated for the presence and location of PSMA-positive lesions, in which SUVmax were also measured. Detection rates were stratified according to PSA levels, ADT and Gleason scores. The relationships between SUVmax and clinical characteristics were analyzed using univariate and multivariable linear regression models for patients with positive findings. Results Of the 147 patients, 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA SPECT/CT revealed at least one positive lesion in 118 patients with a high detection rate (80.3%). The detection rates were 48.6% (17/35), 85.1% (40/47), 92.1% (35/38), and 96.3% (26/27) at PSA levels of greater than 0.2 to 2, greater than 2 to 5, greater than 5 to 10, and greater than 10 ng/mL, respectively. PSMA SPECT/CT indicated local recurrence, lymph node metastases, bone metastases, and visceral metastases in 14 (9.5%), 73 (49.7%), 48 (32.7%) and 3 (2.0%) patients. The detection rates of local recurrence and metastasis increased with increasing PSA levels. The detection rate was higher in patients treated with ADT than those without (90.3% vs. 70.7%; P =0.0029). In patients with Gleason scores ≥8, detection rate was slightly higher than those with ≤7 (81.7% vs. 78.5%), but not statistically significant (P = 0.6265). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation of PSA levels and ADT with SUVmax (P=0.0005 and P=0.0397). Conclusions 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA SPECT/CT offers high detection rates for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. The detection rate and SUVmax were positively correlated with PSA levels and ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Medical Imaging, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 13 division Red Star Hospital, Hami, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Han
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Universityl, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 13 division Red Star Hospital, Hami, China
| | - Akeban Kader
- Department of Medical Imaging, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 13 division Red Star Hospital, Hami, China,*Correspondence: Yongju Gao, ; Xinyu Wu, ; Degang Ding, ; Akeban Kader,
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongju Gao, ; Xinyu Wu, ; Degang Ding, ; Akeban Kader,
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongju Gao, ; Xinyu Wu, ; Degang Ding, ; Akeban Kader,
| | - Yongju Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Nuclear Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongju Gao, ; Xinyu Wu, ; Degang Ding, ; Akeban Kader,
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Vogel MME, Düsberg M, Stöhrer L, Dewes S, Sage EK, Borm KJ, Gschwend JE, Eiber M, Combs SE, Schiller K. Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-based Lymph Node Atlas for Salvage Radiotherapy in Patients with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Validation of the New NRG Oncology 2020 guideline. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:668-676. [PMID: 36280446 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20-40% of patients with prostate cancer (PC) who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) experience relapse, with the majority of these cases developing pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases. Taking new data from the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) era into account, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 2009 contouring guideline for the pelvic LNs from 2009 was updated by the NRG Oncology group in 2020 (NRG 2020). OBJECTIVE To evaluate and validate the updated NRG 2020 guideline with our established LN atlas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We screened 1653 PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) data sets for patients with biochemical relapse who underwent a PET scan between November 2012 and November 2017. After screening, we developed an LN atlas using data from 233 patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We evaluated LN overlap (OL) with the RTOG 2009 and NRG 2020 contouring guidelines. OL was defined as within (>90%), partly within (10-90%), or outside (<10%). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In comparison to the RTOG 2009 guideline, 403 (52%), 134 (17%), and 241 (31%) of the LNs were not, were partly, or were fully covered within the overall group, respectively. By contrast, using the NRG 2020 guideline, 302 (39%), 190 (24%), and 286 (37%) of the LNs were not, were partly, or were fully covered, respectively (p < 0.001). Limitations include the retrospective design with missing data and no histopathological confirmation of the PET results. CONCLUSIONS The updated NRG 2020 contouring guideline improves coverage of the pelvic LNs in patients undergoing salvage radiation therapy. However, PET/CT should be considered whenever possible to ensure coverage of untypical LN spread. PATIENT SUMMARY We compared the 2009 and 2020 guidelines on the radiation area for the pelvis for patients with recurrent prostate cancer that has spread to lymph nodes. The newer guideline provides better coverage of pelvic lymph nodes than the older one and is useful in planning radiation therapy. However, a scan of the pelvis using the newest technique should be considered for individual patients to ensure coverage of untypical lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M E Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mathias Düsberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Stöhrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dewes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva K Sage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Kai J Borm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute for Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schiller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Bukavina L, Luckenbaugh AN, Hofman MS, Hope T, Kamran SC, Murphy DG, Yamoah K, Ost P. Incorporating Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Management Decisions for Men with Newly Diagnosed or Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2022; 83:521-533. [PMID: 36404204 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa) that has allowed the development of a novel diagnostic approach to PCA in the primary and recurrent settings. OBJECTIVE To summarize available data and recommendations regarding the use of PSMA in newly diagnosed and recurrent PCa via a narrative review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Scopus. The search strategy included meta-analyses, reviews, and original studies on staging and restaging with 68Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Studies comparing PSMA-targeted imaging and conventional imaging suggest superior performance of PSMA-targeted imaging in primary and recurrent PCa, albeit with several clinically relevant limitations. Pretreatment 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT allowed more accurate PCa staging in compared to routine practice for high-risk cases, and identified a number of otherwise unknown metastatic lesions. In biochemically recurrent PCa, PSMA PET can reveal sites of recurrence with greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging, potentially detecting a major proportion of occult disease. This review will help providers in applying the most up-to-date and relevant literature to (1) determine which patients truly have oligometastatic disease and (2) ascertain who is most likely to experience a meaningful response to local consolidation in the biochemical recurrence setting. CONCLUSIONS Data on PSMA diagnostic studies in primary and recurrent PCa highlight the accuracy and clinical application of PSMA PET. While this review and the evidence to date might lead to a perception of superiority in metastasis directed therapy, fundamental lack of phase III clinical trials with clinically meaningful outcomes are yet to be determined. PATIENT SUMMARY PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) scans have shown great promise for initial evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa) and in detection of PCa recurrence. The benefits are more apparent for initial staging of PCa. There are more limited clinical trial results for PCa recurrence on how best to use this new technique to guide cancer treatment.
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Roberts MJ, Chatfield MD, Hruby G, Nandurkar R, Roach P, Watts JA, Cusick T, Kneebone A, Eade T, Ho B, Nguyen A, Tang C, McCarthy M, Francis R, Stricker P, Emmett L. Event-free survival after radical prostatectomy according to prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography and European Association of Urology biochemical recurrence risk groups. BJU Int 2022; 130 Suppl 3:32-39. [PMID: 35488182 PMCID: PMC9796546 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess European Association of Urology (EAU) risk groups for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer relative to prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) status and oncological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of a study that incorporated PSMA-PET for men with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) was undertaken. EAU risk groups were considered relative to clinical variables, PSMA-PET findings, and deployment of salvage radiotherapy (SRT). The primary oncological outcome was event-free survival (EFS) and this was analysed relative to clinical and imaging variables. An 'event' occurred if prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level rose >0.2 ng/mL above nadir or additional therapies were introduced. RESULTS A total of 137 patients were included, most of whom had EAU high-risk disease (76%) and/or low PSA levels (80% <0.5 ng/mL) at the time of PSMA-PET. EAU risk group was not associated with regional nodal/distant metastasis on PSMA-PET. Regional nodal/distant metastasis on PSMA PET (compared to negative/local recurrence: hazard ratio [HR] 2.2; P = 0.002) and SRT use (vs no SRT: HR 0.44; P = 0.004) were associated with EFS. EAU high-risk status was not significantly associated with worse EFS (HR 1.7, P = 0.12) compared to EAU low-risk status. Among patients who received SRT, both regional/distant metastasis on PSMA-PET (HR 3.1; P < 0.001) and EAU high-risk status (HR 2.9; P = 0.04) were independently associated with worse EFS, which was driven by patients in the EAU high-risk group with regional/distant metastases (38%; HR 3.1, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with post-RP BCR, PSMA-PET findings and receipt of SRT predicted EFS. In patients receiving SRT, PSMA status combined with EAU risk grouping was most predictive of EFS. These findings suggest that the EAU risk groups could be improved with the addition of PSMA-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Roberts
- Department of UrologyRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Mark D. Chatfield
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - George Hruby
- Department of Radiation OncologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia,Genesis Cancer CareSydneyNSWAustralia,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Rohan Nandurkar
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul Roach
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Department of Nuclear MedicineRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jo Anne Watts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/WA PET ServicesSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia,Faculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer CentreSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew Kneebone
- Department of Radiation OncologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia,Genesis Cancer CareSydneyNSWAustralia,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas Eade
- Department of Radiation OncologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia,Genesis Cancer CareSydneyNSWAustralia,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bao Ho
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear MedicineSt Vincent's HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia,Department of Theranostics and Nuclear MedicineSt Vincent's HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Colin Tang
- Department of Radiation OncologySir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Michael McCarthy
- Department of Nuclear MedicineFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Roslyn Francis
- Faculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Department of Nuclear MedicineFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia,Department of UrologySt Vincent's HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Louise Emmett
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia,Department of Theranostics and Nuclear MedicineSt Vincent's HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
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Metser U, Kulanthaivelu R, Chawla T, Johnson S, Avery L, Hussey D, Veit-Haibach P, Bernardini M, Hogen L. 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer: A prospective pilot study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1025475. [PMID: 36313720 PMCID: PMC9606351 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Glutamate carboxypeptidase-II (GCP-II), a zinc metalloenzyme that resides in cell membrane, has been reported as overexpressed in the neovasculature of ovarian cancers. The study objective was to determine whether GCP-II targeted imaging with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT can detect disease sites in women with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Materials and methods Twenty treatment-naïve women with advanced HGSOC were recruited (median age 60 years). Prior to commencing therapy (primary cytoreductive surgery [n=9] or neoadjuvant chemotherapy [n=11]), subjects underwent routine staging with contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT (=CT), followed by 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT (=PET). CT and PET were reported independently using a standardized reporting template assessing 25 sites. The performance of PET was compared to CT in all subjects and to surgery and surgical histopathology in 9 patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery. Results Of the 25 sites assessed in 20 patients, CT detected disease in 292/500 (58.4%) locations and PET detected disease in 171/500 (34.2%). Compared to CT the sensitivity (95% CI) of PET to detect disease in the upper abdomen, the gastrointestinal tract or the peritoneum was 0.29 (0.20,0.40), 0.21 (0.11,0.33) and 0.74 (0.64,0.82), respectively. In the surgical cohort, 220 sites in 9 patients were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of CT and PET were 0.85 versus 0.54 (p<0.001) and 0.73 versus 0.93 (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion Although 18F-DCFPyL has higher specificity than CT in detecting advanced HGSOC tumor sites, it detects less disease sites than CT, especially in the upper abdomen and along the gastrointestinal tract, likely limiting its clinical utility. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03811899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ur Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ur Metser,
| | - Roshini Kulanthaivelu
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Chawla
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Avery
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas Hussey
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liat Hogen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tamihardja J, Zehner L, Hartrampf PE, Cirsi S, Wegener S, Buck AK, Flentje M, Polat B. Dose-Escalated Salvage Radiotherapy for Macroscopic Local Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Era. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194956. [PMID: 36230878 PMCID: PMC9562896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer often relapses after initial radical prostatectomy, and salvage radiotherapy offers a second chance of cure for relapsed patients. Modern imaging techniques, especially prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT), enable radiation oncologists to target radiotherapy at the involved sites of disease. In a group of patients, PSMA PET/CT imaging can detect a macroscopic local recurrence with or without locoregional lymph node metastasis. In these cases, an escalation of the radiotherapy dose is often considered for controlling the visible tumor mass. As the evidence for dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic recurrent prostate cancer after PSMA PET/CT imaging is still limited, we address this topic in the current analysis. We found that the outcome of patients with dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic prostate cancer recurrence is encouragingly favorable, while the toxicity is very limited. Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to access the oncological outcome of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET/CT)-guided salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for localized macroscopic prostate cancer recurrence. Methods: Between February 2010 and June 2021, 367 patients received SRT after radical prostatectomy. Out of the 367 screened patients, 111 patients were staged by PSMA PET/CT before SRT. A total of 59 out of these 111 (53.2%) patients were treated for PSMA PET-positive macroscopic prostatic fossa recurrence. Dose-escalated SRT was applied with a simultaneous integrated boost at a median prescribed dose of 69.3 Gy (IQR 69.3–72.6 Gy). The oncological outcome was investigated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation utilized Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). Results: The median follow-up was 38.2 months. The three-year biochemical progression-free survival rate was 89.1% (95% CI: 81.1–97.8%) and the three-year metastasis-free survival rate reached 96.2% (95% CI: 91.2–100.0%). The cumulative three-year late grade 3 GU toxicity rate was 3.4%. No late grade 3 GI toxicity occurred. Conclusions: Dose-escalated PSMA PET/CT-guided salvage radiotherapy for macroscopic prostatic fossa recurrence resulted in favorable survival and toxicity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Tamihardja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Leonie Zehner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp E. Hartrampf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sinan Cirsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Wegener
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Zacho HD, Nalliah S, Petersen A, Petersen LJ. The clinical consequences of routine 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, ISUP grade 5 and no metastases based on standard imaging - preliminary results. Scand J Urol 2022; 56:353-358. [PMID: 36073096 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2022.2119272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical consequences of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for primary staging in patients with ISUP grade 5 (Gleason score ≥9) prostate cancer (PCa), and no definitive distant metastases based on standard imaging. METHODS At our tertial referral center, PSMA PET/CT became standard of care from August 2018 for primary staging of prostate cancer given the following criteria: (1) no prior treatment for prostate cancer, (2) ISUP grade 5, (3) no definitive metastases on standard imaging (contrast enhanced CT and bone scintigraphy), and (4) deemed suitable for treatment with curative intent based on comorbidity and life expectancy. We present the preliminary results of first six months recruitment with 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (mean age 69 years, median PSA 13.0 ng/mL, 20 patients with locally advanced PCa) were included. CT was positive in pelvic lymph nodes in two patients, bone scintigraphy was equivocal in three patients. PSMA PET/CT showed pathological uptake outside the prostatic bed in 22 patients (46%) of which 13 patients (27%) showed lesions confined to regional lymph nodes, and nine patients (19%) showed nonregional lymph node metastases and/or bone metastases. PSMA PET/CT changed the treatment strategy from curatively intended treatment to palliative treatment in 18 patients (38%). CONCLUSION PMSA PET/CT revealed pathological uptake in a large proportion of high-risk patients at primary staging among patients with no definite metastases on standard imaging leading to change of patient management in 38% of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle D Zacho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Surenth Nalliah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Astrid Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars J Petersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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32
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[Salvage prostate bed radiotherapy: co-irradiation of regional LNs and significance of ADT]. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:1119-1121. [PMID: 36083310 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-02001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Ng M, Guerrieri M, Wong LM, Taubman K, Sutherland T, Benson A, Byrne G, Koschel S, Yap K, Starmans M, Ong G, Macleod C, Foo M, Chao M. Changes in Management After 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET in Patients Undergoing Postprostatectomy Radiotherapy, with Early Biochemical Response Outcomes. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1343-1348. [PMID: 35058320 PMCID: PMC9454460 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracers have increased sensitivity in the detection of prostate cancer, compared with conventional imaging. We assessed the management impact of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) and report early biochemical response in patients who underwent radiation treatment. Methods: One hundred patients were enrolled into a prospective study, with a prior RP for prostate cancer, a PSA of 0.2-2.0 ng/mL, and no prior treatment. All patients underwent diagnostic CT and PSMA PET/CT, and management intent was completed at 3 time points (original, post-CT, and post-PSMA) and compared. Patients who underwent radiotherapy with 6-mo PSA response data are presented. Results: Ninety-eight patients are reported, with a median PSA of 0.32 ng/mL (95% CI, 0.28-0.36), pT3a/b disease in 71.4%, and an International Society of Urological Pathology grade group of at least 3 in 59.2%. PSMA PET/CT detected disease in 46.9% of patients, compared with 15.5% using diagnostic CT (PSMA PET, 29.2% local recurrence and 29.6% pelvic nodal disease). A major change in management intent was higher after PSMA than after CT (12.5% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.010), as was a moderate change in intent (31.3% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.001). The most common change was an increase in the recommendation for elective pelvic radiation (from 15.6% to 33.3%), nodal boost (from 0% to 22.9%), and use of concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (from 22.9% to 41.7%) from original to post-PSMA intent because of detection of nodal disease. Eighty-six patients underwent 18F-DCFPyL-guided radiotherapy. Fifty-five of 86 patients either did not receive ADT or recovered after ADT, with an 18-mo PSA response from 0.32 to 0.02 ng/mL; 94.5% of patients had a PSA of no more than 0.20 ng/mL, and 74.5% had a PSA of no more than 0.03 ng/mL. Conclusion: 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT has a significant impact on management intent in patients being considered for salvage radiotherapy after RP with PSA recurrence. Increased detection of disease, particularly in the pelvic lymph nodes, resulted in increased pelvic irradiation and concurrent ADT use. Early results in patients who are staged with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT show a favorable PSA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ng
- GenesisCare St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | | | - Lih Ming Wong
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Taubman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Sutherland
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;,Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Benson
- GenesisCare CancerCare Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme Byrne
- La Trobe University Statistics Consultancy Platform, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Koschel
- GenesisCare CancerCare Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelvin Yap
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Grace Ong
- GenesisCare, Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcus Foo
- GenesisCare, Berwick, Victoria, Australia; and
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Kubilay E, Akpinar Ç, Oǧuz ES, Araz MS, Soydal Ç, Baltacı S, Ürün Y, Süer E. Significance of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion uptake measured using Ga-68 labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT in primary staging of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:408.e19-408.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Mora S, Qi J, Morgan TM, Brede CM, Peabody J, George A, Lane BR. Radical prostatectomy for patients with high-risk, very-high risk, or radiographic suspicion for metastatic prostate cancer: Perioperative and early oncologic results from the MUSIC statewide collaborative. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:380.e1-380.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The Role of PSMA PET/CT in the Primary Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Prostate Cancer-A Practical Clinical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153638. [PMID: 35892897 PMCID: PMC9367536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The combination of positron emission tomography (PET)-diagnostics with ligands binding to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been a diagnostic milestone in the situation of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer and is gaining importance in primary diagnostics, providing a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic method in various clinical situations. However, the clinical application of this method requires a comprehensive knowledge of its advantages and disadvantages, potential pitfalls and influencing factors. This review aims to provide a practical clinical review of the currently available background data on PSMA PET/CT, as well as the clinical implications. Although a large amount of data already exist, a thorough analysis is complicated by study heterogeneity, showing the need for future systematic and prospective research. Abstract The importance of PSMA PET/CT in both primary diagnostics and prostate cancer recurrence has grown steadily since its introduction more than a decade ago. Over the past years, a vast amount of data have been published on the diagnostic accuracy and the impact of PSMA PET/CT on patient management. Nevertheless, a large heterogeneity between studies has made reaching a consensus difficult; this review aims to provide a comprehensive clinical review of the available scientific literature, covering the currently known data on physiological and pathological PSMA expression, influencing factors, the differences and pitfalls of various tracers, as well as the clinical implications in initial TNM-staging and in the situation of biochemical recurrence. This review has the objective of providing a practical clinical overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the examination in various clinical situations and the body of knowledge available, as well as open questions still requiring further research.
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Bottero M, Faiella A, Giannarelli D, Farneti A, D'Urso P, Bertini L, Landoni V, Vici P, Sanguineti G. A prospective study assessing the pattern of response of local disease at DCE-MRI after salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 35:21-26. [PMID: 35516461 PMCID: PMC9065465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Zamboglou C, Strouthos I, Sahlmann J, Farolfi A, Serani F, Medici F, Cavallini L, Morganti AG, Trapp C, Koerber SA, Peeken JC, Vogel MME, Schiller K, Combs SE, Eiber M, Vrachimis A, Ferentinos K, Spohn SKB, Kirste S, Gratzke C, Ruf J, Grosu AL, Ceci F, Fendler WP, Miksch J, Kroeze S, Guckenberger M, Lanzafame H, Fanti S, Hruby G, Wiegel T, Emmett L, Schmidt-Hegemann NS, Henkenberens C. Metastasis-free survival and patterns of distant metastatic disease after PSMA-PET-guided salvage radiotherapy in recurrent or persistent prostate cancer after prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:1015-1024. [PMID: 35659629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography (PSMA-PET) is increasingly used to guide salvage radiotherapy (sRT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence/persistence after prostatectomy. This work examines (i) metastasis-free survival (MFS) following PSMA-PET guided sRT and (ii) the metastatic patterns on PSMA-PET images after sRT. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter (9 centers, 5 countries) study included patients referred for PSMA-PET due to recurrent/persistent disease after prostatectomy. Patients with distant metastases (DM) on PSMA-PET prior to sRT were excluded. Cox-regression was performed to assess the impact of clinical parameters on MFS. The distribution of PSMA-PET detected DM following sRT and their respective risk factors were analysed. RESULTS All (n=815) patients received intensity-modulated RT to the prostatic fossa. In case of PET-positive pelvic lymph nodes (PLN-PET, n=275, 34%), pelvic lymphatics had been irradiated. Androgen deprivation therapy had been given in 251 (31%) patients. The median follow-up after sRT was 36 months. The 2-/4-year MFS following sRT were 93%/81%. In multivariate analysis the presence of PLN-PET was a strong predictor for MFS (HR=2.39, p<0.001). Following sRT, DM were detected by PSMA-PET in 128/198 (65%) patients and two metastatic patterns were observed: 43% had DM in sub diaphragmatic paraaortic LNs (abdominal-lymphatic) whereas 45% in bones, 9% in supra diaphragmatic LNs and 6% in visceral organs (distant). Two distinct signatures with risk factors for each pattern were identified. CONCLUSION MFS in our study is lower compared to previous studies, obviously due to the higher detection rate of DM in PSMA-PET after sRT. Thus, it remains unclear whether MFS is a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in PSMA PET-staged patients in the post sRT setting. PLN-PET may be proposed as a new surrogate parameter predictive of MFS. Analysis of recurrence patterns in PET after sRT revealed risk factor signatures for two metastatic patterns (abdominal-lymphatic and distant), which may allow individualized sRT concepts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Zamboglou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Iosif Strouthos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Joerg Sahlmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Serani
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Medici
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Cavallini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Christian Trapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich
| | - Stefan A Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan C Peeken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marco M E Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schiller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany; Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | - Alexis Vrachimis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus; C.A.R.I.C. Cancer Research & Innovation Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Ferentinos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Simon K B Spohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kirste
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Miksch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kroeze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Lanzafame
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - George Hruby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital - University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
| | | | - Christoph Henkenberens
- Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Pozdnyakov A, Kulanthaivelu R, Bauman G, Ortega C, Veit-Haibach P, Metser U. The impact of PSMA PET on the treatment and outcomes of men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00544-3. [PMID: 35440642 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET is highly sensitive in identifying disease recurrence in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BCR) after primary therapy and is rapidly being adopted in clinical practice. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the documented impact of PSMA-PET on patient management and outcomes, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, and intermediate and long-term outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS MBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and OVID databases were searched for studies reporting on the impact of PSMA-PET on the management and outcomes of patients with BCR after definitive primary therapy. Outcome measures assessed included biochemical response to therapy after PET and BCR-free survival (BRFS). The proportions of patients in whom management changed, and the proportion of patients in whom each outcome measure was obtained were tabulated and pooled into meta-analysis using DerSimonian-Laird method. RESULTS A total of 34 studies with 3680 men reported change in management after PSMA-PET and 27 studies with 2639 men reported on at least one outcome measure and had follow-up data. PSMA-PET was positive in 2508/3680 (68.2%). The pooled proportion of change in management after PSMA-PET was 56.4% (95% CI, 48.0-63.9%). A decrease in serum PSA was documented in 72.4% of men (95% CI, 63.4-81.5%), and complete biochemical response in 23.3% (95% CI, 14.6-32.0%) at a median follow-up of 8.1 and 11 months, respectively. The pooled BRFS rate was 60.2% (95% CI, 49.1-71.4%) at a median follow-up of 20 months. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PSMA PET is positive in more than 2/3 of men with BCR and impacts patient management in more than half of the men. BRFS after PET-directed management is 60% at a median of 20 months after salvage therapy, and complete biochemical response may be achieved in up to a quarter of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pozdnyakov
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roshini Kulanthaivelu
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn Bauman
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Ortega
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lengana T, Lawal I, Janse Van Rensburg C, Mokoala K, Moshokoa E, Mazibuko S, Van de Wiele C, Maes A, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. The Diagnostic Performance of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Patients with Early Recurrence after Definitive Therapy with a PSA <10 ng/ml. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:120-129. [PMID: 35421900 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prostate bed is one of the common sites of early recurrence of prostate cancer. The currently used PSMA ligands (68Ga-PSMA-11 and 99mTc-PSMA) undergo early urinary clearance resulting in interfering physiological activity within and surrounding the prostate. This can result in sites of cancer recurrence being obscured. 18F-PSMA-1007 has an advantage of delayed urinary clearance thus the prostate region is reviewed without any interfering physiological activity. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in patients with early biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy. METHODS Forty-six Prostate cancer (mean age 66.7±7.5, range 48-87 years) presenting with biochemical recurrence (median PSA 1.6ng/ml, range 0.1-10.0) underwent non-contrast-enhanced 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. PET/CT findings were evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively (SUVmax) and compared to the results of histology, Gleason grade, and conventional imaging. RESULTS Twenty-four of the 46 (52.2%) patients demonstrated a site of recurrence on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. Oligometastatic disease was detected in 15 (32.6%) of these patients. Of these 10 (37.5%) demonstrated intra-prostatic recurrence, lymph node disease was noted in 11 (45.8%) whilst two patients demonstrated skeletal metastases. The detection rates for PSA levels 0-<0.5, 0.5-<1, 1-2, >2 were 31.3%, 33.3%, 55.6% and 72.2% respectively. 7 (29.2%) of the positive patients had been described as negative or equivocal on conventional imaging. An optimal PSA cut-off level of 1.3ng/ml was found. CONCLUSION 18F-PSMA-1007 demonstrated good diagnostic performance detecting sites of recurrence. Its ability to detect sites of recurrence in the setting of early biochemical recurrence will have a significant impact on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Lengana
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ismaheel Lawal
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charl Janse Van Rensburg
- Biostatistics Unit, Pretoria MRC, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kgomotso Mokoala
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Christophe Van de Wiele
- Nuclear Medicine, Universiteit Gent Faculteit Geneeskunde en Gezondheidswetenschappen, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex Maes
- Department Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Staal FHE, Janssen J, Brouwer CL, Langendijk JA, Ng Wei Siang K, Schuit E, de Jong IJ, Verzijlbergen JF, Smeenk RJ, Aluwini S. Phase III randomised controlled trial on PSMA PET/CT guided hypofractionated salvage prostate bed radiotherapy of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (PERYTON-trial): study protocol. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 35428210 PMCID: PMC9013125 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salvage external beam radiotherapy (sEBRT) for patients with a biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy provides a 5-year biochemical progression-free survival up to 60%. Multiple studies have shown that dose escalation to the primary prostate tumour improves treatment outcome. However, data is lacking on the role of dose escalation in the recurrent salvage setting. The main objective of the PERYTON-trial is to investigate whether treatment outcome of sEBRT for patients with a BCR after prostatectomy can be improved by increasing the biological effective radiation dose using hypofractionation. Moreover, patients will be staged using the PSMA PET/CT scan, which is superior to conventional imaging modalities in detecting oligometastases. Methods The PERYTON-study is a prospective multicentre open phase III randomised controlled trial. We aim to include 538 participants (269 participants per treatment arm) with a BCR after prostatectomy, a PSA-value of < 1.0 ng/mL and a recent negative PSMA PET/CT scan. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio between the conventional fractionated treatment arm (35 × 2 Gy) and the experimental hypofractionated treatment arm (20 × 3 Gy). The primary endpoint is the 5-year progression-free survival after treatment. The secondary endpoints include toxicity, quality of life and disease specific survival. Discussion Firstly, the high rate of BCR after sEBRT may be due to the presence of oligometastases, for which local sEBRT is inappropriate. With the use of the PSMA PET/CT before sEBRT, patients with oligometastases will be excluded from intensive local treatment to avoid unnecessary toxicity. Secondly, the currently applied radiation dose for sEBRT may be too low to achieve adequate local control, which may offer opportunity to enhance treatment outcome of sEBRT by increasing the biologically effective radiotherapy dose to the prostate bed. Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04642027). Registered on 24 November 2020 – Retrospectively registered. The study protocol was approved by the accredited Medical Ethical Committee (METc) of all participating hospitals (date METc review: 23-06-2020, METc registration number: 202000239). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. • This is the first PSMA PET/CT based study addressing the role of hypofractionation in salvage external beam radiation therapy (sEBRT); • Participants will be randomised 1:1 to conventional fractionated sEBRT (35 × 2 Gy) or hypofractionated sEBRT (20 × 3 Gy); • The PSMA PET/CT-scan will be used for staging of all participants at baseline; • The primary endpoint is 5-year progression-free survival after treatment; • All participants will receive early sEBRT (PSA < 1.0 ng/mL) without the use of androgen deprivation therapy; • A quality assurance program was undertaken, to ensure protocol compliance within the PERYTON-trial; • An interim analysis will be performed after the inclusion of 25% (n = 135) of the total number of required participants, to identify any early signs of excessive (unexpected) acute toxicity.
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Asso R, Degrande F, Fernandes da Silva J, Leite E. Postoperative radiotherapy in prostate cancer: When and how? – An update review. Cancer Radiother 2022; 26:742-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alongi P, Laudicella R, Lanzafame H, Farolfi A, Mapelli P, Picchio M, Burger IA, Iagaru A, Minutoli F, Evangelista L. PSMA and Choline PET for the Assessment of Response to Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review from the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071770. [PMID: 35406542 PMCID: PMC8997431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiolabeled choline and PSMA PET have been largely tested in the initial staging of prostate cancer and for biochemical recurrence. Moreover, diverse data are now available about their role in the evaluation of response to local and systematic therapies, and their predictive impact on the prognosis, before and after therapy. Therefore, in the present systematic review, we aimed to describe the available data, to summarize the current evidence in these settings of disease. Abstract The aims of this systematic review were to (1) assess the utility of PSMA-PET and choline-PET in the assessment of response to systemic and local therapy, and to (2) determine the value of both tracers for the prediction of response to therapy and survival outcomes in prostate cancer. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed/Scopus/Google Scholar/Cochrane/EMBASE databases (between January 2010 and October 2021) accordingly. The quality of the included studies was evaluated following the “Quality Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy Studies” tool (QUAPAS-2). We selected 40 articles: 23 articles discussed the use of PET imaging with [68Ga]PSMA-11 (16 articles/1123 patients) or [11C]/[18F]Choline (7 articles/356 patients) for the prediction of response to radiotherapy (RT) and survival outcomes. Seven articles (three with [68Ga]PSMA-11, three with [11C]Choline, one with [18F]Choline) assessed the role of PET imaging in the evaluation of response to docetaxel (as neoadjuvant therapy in one study, as first-line therapy in five studies, and as a palliative regimen in one study). Seven papers with radiolabeled [18F]Choline PET/CT (n = 121 patients) and three with [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET (n = 87 patients) were selected before and after enzalutamide/abiraterone acetate. Finally, [18F]Choline and [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET/CT as gatekeepers for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with Radium-223 were assessed in three papers. In conclusion, in patients undergoing RT, radiolabeled choline and [68Ga]PSMA-11 have an important prognostic role. In the case of systemic therapies, the role of such new-generation imaging techniques is still controversial without sufficient data, thus requiring additional in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Alongi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedale Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Istituto G.Giglio, 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Helena Lanzafame
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paola Mapelli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Picchio
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA;
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498211310
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The Continuum of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Interpreting PSMA PET Findings in Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061361. [PMID: 35326513 PMCID: PMC8946297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional imaging has been the standard imaging modality for assessing prostate cancer recurrence and is utilized to determine treatment response to therapy. Molecular imaging with PSMA PET-CT has proven to be more accurate, sensitive, and specific at identifying pelvic or distant metastatic disease, resulting in earlier diagnosis of advanced disease. Since advanced disease may not be seen on conventional imaging, due to its lower sensitivity, but can be identified by molecular imaging, this reveals that metastatic prostate cancer occurs on a continuum from negative PSMA PET-CT and negative conventional imaging to positive PSMA PET-CT and positive conventional imaging. Understanding this continuum, the accuracy of these modalities, and treatment related outcomes based on imaging, will allow the clinician to counsel patients on management. This review will highlight the differences in conventional and molecular imaging in prostate cancer and how PSMA PET-CT can be used for the management of prostate cancer patients in different clinical scenarios, while providing cautionary notes for overtreatment.
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Stereotactic or conventional radiotherapy for macroscopic prostate bed recurrence: a propensity score analysis. Radiol Med 2022; 127:449-457. [PMID: 35247134 PMCID: PMC8897730 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-022-01465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess outcomes between salvage radiation therapy (SRT) with curative intent and stereotactic radiotherapy for macroscopic prostate recurrence (SSRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP). In order to compare these two different options, we compared their outcomes with a propensity score-based matched analysis. Methods Data from 185 patients in seven Italian centres treated for macroscopic prostate bed recurrence after RP were retrospectively collected. To make a comparison between the two treatment groups, propensity matching was applied to create comparable cohorts.
Results After matching, 90 patients in the SRT and SSRT groups were selected (45 in each arm). Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show any significant differences in terms of BRFS and PFS between matched populations (p = 0.08 and p = 0.8, respectively). Multivariate models show that treatment was not associated with BRFS, neither in the whole or matched cohort, with HR of 2.15 (95%CI 0.63–7.25, p = 0.21) and 2.65 (95%CI 0.59–11.97, p = 0.21), respectively. In the matched cohort, lower rate of toxicity was confirmed for patients undergoing SSRT, with acute GI and GU adverse events reported in 4.4 versus 44.4% (p < 0.001) and 28.9 versus 46.7% (p = 0.08) of patients, and late GI and GU adverse events reported in 0 versus 13.3% (p = 0.04) and 6.7 versus 22.2% (p = 0.03) of patients, respectively.
Conclusion Considering the favourable therapeutic ratio of this approach and the lower number of fractions needed, SSRT should be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional SRT in this setting.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11547-022-01465-w.
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PSMA PET/CT and radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a winning team. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Narrative Review of the Post-Operative Management of Prostate Cancer Patients: Is It Really the End of Adjuvant Radiotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030719. [PMID: 35158986 PMCID: PMC8833528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among patients with prostate cancer who have been operated on, a subset harboring high-risk features will present with a biochemical recurrence (BCR). Adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) was proven to significantly reduce the risk of BCR when compared to salvage radiotherapy (SRT) but suffered from several limitations: a lack of patient selection criteria, a higher treatment-related morbidity and an uncertain benefit for long-term clinical endpoints. In the same clinical setting, early SRT (eSRT) appears as non-inferior to aRT with a lower morbidity, replacing aRT as the preferred option. In this review, we insist on the need for multidisciplinary discussions to fully comprehend the individual characteristics of each patient and propose the best treatment strategy for every patient. Abstract Despite three randomized trials indicating a significant reduction in biochemical recurrence (BCR) in high-risk patients, adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) was rarely performed, even in patients harboring high-risk features. aRT is associated with a higher risk of urinary incontinence and is often criticized for the lack of patient selection criteria. With a BCR rate reaching 30–70% in high-risk patients, a consensus between urologists and radiation oncologists was needed, leading to three different randomized trials challenging aRT with early salvage radiotherapy (eSRT). In these three different randomized trials with event-free survival as the primary outcome and a planned meta-analysis, eSRT appeared as non-inferior to aRT, answering, for some, this never-ending question. For many, however, the debate persists; these results raised several questions among urologists and radiation oncologists. BCR is thought to be a surrogate for clinically meaningful endpoints such as overall survival and cancer-specific survival but may be poorly efficient in comparison with metastasis-free survival. Imaging of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), post-operative persistent PSA and BCR was revolutionized by the broader use of MRI and nuclear imaging such as PET-PSMA; these imaging modalities were not analyzed in the previous randomized trials. A sub-group of very high-risk patients could possibly benefit from an adjuvant radiotherapy; but their usual risk factors such as high Gleason score or invaded surgical margins mean they are unable to be selected. More precise biomarkers of early BCR or even metastatic-relapse were developed in this setting and could be useful for the patients’ stratification. In this review, we insist on the need for multidisciplinary discussions to fully comprehend the individual characteristics of each patient and propose the best treatment strategy for every patient.
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Metser U, Zukotynski K, Mak V, Langer D, MacCrostie P, Finelli A, Kapoor A, Chin J, Lavallée L, Klotz LH, Hagerty M, Hildebrand C, Bauman G. Effect of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT on the Management of Patients with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Registry Trial. Radiology 2022; 303:414-422. [PMID: 35076300 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The high positivity rate of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET in the setting of biochemical failure (BCF), even when conventional imaging is negative, is promising. Purpose To assess the disease detection rate of PSMA-based PET/CT with fluorine 18-DCFPyL as a radiotracer and the PET-directed management change in men with suspected limited recurrent prostate cancer. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter registry (Ontario PSMA-PET Registry for Recurrent Prostate Cancer, or PREP) enrolled men with BCF after primary therapy (radical prostatectomy plus or minus salvage radiation therapy or primary radiation therapy) and zero to four disease sites at conventional imaging (CT and bone scintigraphy). The positivity rate of PSMA PET according to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level; frequency of local-egional, oligometastatic, and extensive metastatic recurrence; and rate of change in management after PET findings were recorded. The nonparametric Mood median test was used to assess the association between serum PSA level and change in management. Results A total of 1289 men (median age, 71 years [interquartile range, 65-75 years]) were evaluated. PSMA PET helped detect disease in 841 of 1289 men (65%) and in 615 of 999 men (62%) with negative conventional imaging. The recurrence detection rates according to serum PSA level at enrollment were 38% (160 of 424 men), 63% (107 of 171 men), and 83% (573 of 692 men) for PSA under 0.5 ng/mL, 0.5-1.0 ng/mL, and above 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. At PSMA PET, 399 of 1289 men (31%) had local-regional recurrence, 314 (24%) had oligometastatic disease, and 128 (10%) had extensive metastases. Following PET examination, a change in planned management was recorded in 748 of 1289 men (58%), and in 371 of 1250 men (30%), there was a change in management intent, more commonly from palliative to potentially curative intent (255 of 1289 men [20%]). Conclusion Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET helped detect additional sites of disease compared with conventional imaging in approximately 60% of men with biochemical failure and suspected low-volume metastatic disease, resulting in frequent change in management, including a change from palliative to curative or radical intent therapy in 20% of men. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether this impacts disease control. Clinical trial registration no. NCT03718260 © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Civelek in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ur Metser
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Katherine Zukotynski
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Victor Mak
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Deanna Langer
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Pamela MacCrostie
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Antonio Finelli
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Anil Kapoor
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Joseph Chin
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Luke Lavallée
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Laurence H Klotz
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Marlon Hagerty
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Catherine Hildebrand
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | - Glenn Bauman
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9 (U.M.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine (K.Z.) and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (A.K.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Cancer Imaging Program, Ontario Health-Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.M., D.L., P.M.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.F., L.H.K.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery (J.C.) and Department of Oncology (C.H., G.B.), Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (L.L.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada (M.H.)
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Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Is Associated with Improved Oncological Outcome in Men Treated with Salvage Radiation Therapy for Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Comparing the diagnostic performance of radiotracers in prostate cancer biochemical recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:7374-7385. [PMID: 35486169 PMCID: PMC9668945 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically assess the early detection rate of biochemical prostate cancer recurrence using choline, fluciclovine, and PSMA. METHODS Under the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines, literature that assessed the detection rates (DRs) of choline, fluciclovine, and PSMA in prostate cancer biochemical recurrence was searched in PubMed and EMBASE databases for our systematic review from 2012 to July 15, 2021. In addition, the PSA-stratified performance of detection positivity was obtained to assess the DRs for various methods, including fluciclovine, PSMA, or choline PET/CT, with respect to biochemical recurrence based on different PSA levels. RESULTS In total, 64 studies involving 11,173 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the studies, 12, 7, and 48 focused on choline, fluciclovine, and PSMA, respectively. The pooled DRs were 24%, 37%, and 44%, respectively, for a PSA level less than 0.5 ng/mL (p < 0.001); 36%, 44%, and 60% for a PSA level of 0.5-0.99 ng/mL (p < 0.001); and 50%, 61%, and 80% for a PSA level of 1.0-1.99 ng/mL (p < 0.001). The DR with 18F-labeled PSMA was higher than that with 68Ga-labeled PSMA, and the DR was 58%, 72%, and 88% for PSA levels < 0.5 ng/mL, 0.5-0.9 ng/mL, and 1.0-1.99 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The DRs of PSMA-radiotracers were greater than those of choline-radiotracers and fluciclovine-radiotracers at the patient level. 18F-labeled PSMA achieved a higher DR than 68Ga-labeled PSMA. KEY POINTS • The DRs of PSMA-radiotracers were greater than those of choline-radiotracers and fluciclovine-radiotracers at the patient level. • 18F-labeled PSMA achieved a higher DR than 68Ga-labeled PSMA.
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