Simultaneous determination of inorganic anions in bottled drinking water by the ion chromatography method

Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated with a thiodiacetic acid nanoprobe for selective detection of arsenic(iii) in rice and water samples

A sensitive and selective method for the detection of arsenic(iii) (As3+) based on chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (CS/AuNPs) decorated with a 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid (TDA) nanoprobe was developed and used to detect and indicate the contamination of rice, drinking water and environmental water samples. AuNPs were reduced and stabilized with CS and subsequently functionalized with TDA. As3+ interacted with the carboxylate group of TDA to form an As-TDA complex, inducing the aggregation of CS/AuNPs@TDA. The aggregation of CS/AuNPs@TDA was accompanied with a change in color from red to bluish purple and a shift in surface plasmon resonance wavelength from 525 nm to 645 nm. The response for the detection of As3+ was linear at concentrations from 10 to 1000 μg L-1 with a limit of detection of 6.1 μg L-1. The method exhibited selectivity toward As3+ among various cations (As5+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) and anions (Br-, Cl-, F-, SO4 2-, NO3 - and PO4 2-). The CS/AuNPs@TDA nanoprobe was applied to detect As3+ in rice, drinking water and environmental water samples. The results were consistent with those obtained via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 88.22% to 105.74% (RSDs of 0.25-2.99%) were obtained from spiked samples.

Effect of water sulfate and dietary bismuth subsalicylate on feed and water intake, ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration, and trace-mineral status of growing beef heifers

In the Northern Great Plains, cattle may be exposed to water with an elevated sulfate concentration resulting in ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production and risk of copper deficiency. There are currently few strategies available to help mitigate effects arising from high-sulfate water (HS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a moderate-forage diet with or without bismuth subsalicylate (BSS; 0.0% vs. 0.4% DM basis) when provided water with a low- (LS; 346 ± 13) or HS (4,778 ± 263 mg/L) concentration on feed and water intake, ruminal H2S concentration, and liver and serum trace-mineral concentrations. Twenty-four Limousin × Simmental cross beef heifers (221 ± 41 kg) were stratified based on initial liver Cu into a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Feed and water intake (measured weekly), ruminal H2S concentration (measured on days 42 and 91), liver (measured on days -13 and 91), and serum trace-mineral concentrations (measured on days 1, 28, 56, and 91) were evaluated. Initial liver trace-mineral concentrations were used as a covariate in the statistical model. Water intake tended to be reduced with the inclusion of BSS (P = 0.095) but was not affected by water sulfate (P = 0.40). Water sulfate and BSS did not affect dry matter intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.89). Heifers consuming HS had a ruminal H2S concentration that was 1.58 mg/L more (P < 0.001) than LS. The inclusion of BSS reduced (P = 0.035) ruminal H2S concentration by more than 44% (1.35 vs. 0.75 mg/L). Regardless of the water sulfate concentration, heifers fed BSS had lesser liver Cu concentration (average of 4.08 mg/kg) than heifers not provided BSS, and when not provided BSS, HS had lesser Cu than LS (42.2 vs. 58.3; sulfate × BSS, P = 0.019). The serum concentration of Cu did not differ over time for heifers not provided BSS; whereas, heifers provided BSS had lesser serum Cu concentration on day 91 than on days 28 and 55 (BSS × time, P < 0.001). The liver concentration of selenium was reduced (P < 0.001) with BSS inclusion but the selenium concentration in serum was not affected by sulfate, BSS, or time (P ≥ 0.16). BSS reduced ruminal H2S concentration, but depleted liver Cu and Se. Moreover, sulfate concentration in water did not appear to affect DMI, water intake, or growth, but increased ruminal H2S and reduced liver Cu concentration.