1
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Wong NSM, Yeung AWK, McGrath CP, Leung YY. Adverse childhood experiences and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372177. [PMID: 38840746 PMCID: PMC11150826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a university in Hong Kong. The recruiting period and data collection started in January 2023 and ended in June 2023. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed ACEs (using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire - ACE-IQ) and dental anxiety (using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale - MDAS and Dental Fear Survey - DFS). The study examined the impacts of both cumulative (i.e., total number) and independent ACE components on dental anxiety. To explore the relationships between cumulative ACEs, individual ACE components and dental anxiety (MDAS and DFS score), Pearson correlations, linear regression and logistic regression were conducted. Results Significant associations were observed between ACEs and dental anxiety among 171 subjects. Cumulative ACEs were positively correlated with MDAS scores (r = 0.169, p = 0.027) and DFS scores (r = 0.253, p < 0.001). The odds of an individual having high dental anxiety increased by 26-43% for every additional increase in the number of ACEs. Individual types of ACEs, such as emotional and physical neglect, sexual abuse, and household substance abuse, significantly influenced the likelihood of having high dental anxiety. Discussion The results showed a positive association between ACEs and dental anxiety, highlighting the impact of ACEs on dental anxiety. Dental practitioners should consider inquiring about a patient's ACE history to develop personalized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sui Miu Wong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman Patrick McGrath
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Ogawa M, Saito A, Karukivi M, Lahti S. Associations of sensory sensitivity, pain catastrophizing, and alexithymia with dental anxiety. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12973. [PMID: 38311805 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to reveal interrelationships between alexithymia, catastrophic thinking, sensory processing patterns, and dental anxiety among 460 participants who were registrants of a Japanese research company. Measures used were the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, the Adult Sensory Profile, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The interrelationships among the constructs were analyzed using structural equation modeling, adjusting for age, gender, and negative dental treatment experience. Data from 428 participants were used in the analyses. Sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing were independently associated with anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety, while difficulty identifying feelings was not. In the mediation model, sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing served as full mediators between difficulty identifying feelings and the dimensions of dental anxiety (indirect effects were between 0.13 and 0.15). The strength of the associations was 0.55 from difficulty identifying feelings to both pain catastrophizing and sensory sensitivity, and between 0.24 and 0.26 to anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety. The association between trait-like phenomena, such as alexithymia, and dental anxiety may be mediated by neurophysiological and cognitive factors such as sensory sensitivity and pain catastrophizing. These findings could be crucial for new and innovative interventions for managing dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ogawa
- Section of Anesthesiology, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Department of Business Administration, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Max Karukivi
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Uziel N, Meyerson J, Kuskasy M, Gilon E, Eli I. The Influence of Family Milieu on Dental Anxiety in Adolescents—A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062174. [PMID: 36983175 PMCID: PMC10051046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents play a significant role in the development of dental anxiety in their adolescent children. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the influence of family milieu on adolescents’ dental anxiety. The level of dental anxiety (Dental Anxiety Scale—DAS) was evaluated in 100 adolescent dental patients (ages 13–18 years) and their parents. Parents supplied information about family demographics and their personal experiences of dental treatment. Concomitantly, the family’s behavior was observed during the dental encounter. The adolescents’ mean DAS score was 9.83 ± 2.05. Adolescents’ DAS was higher when their parents’ memories from their own dental encounters were negative. A positive correlation was found between adolescents’ dental anxiety and that of their father (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and mother (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The following variables showed a significant ability to predict adolescents’ dental anxiety (stepwise regression): mother’s DAS (B = 0.57), adolescent’s behavior at the dental visit (B = 0.87), being the firstborn child (B = −0.44), father’s DAS (B = 0.13), and mother’s level of education (B = −0.10). The results showed that intra-family relationships and behavior, parents’ education, dental fear, and memories from previous treatments play an important role in defining the level of dental anxiety in their adolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Uziel
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph Meyerson
- The Department of Master of Arts in Medical Psychology, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emeq Yezreel 1930600, Israel
| | - Moataz Kuskasy
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Gilon
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilana Eli
- Unit of Medical Education, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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4
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Arkkila J, Suominen A, Nolvi S, Rantavuori K, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Associations between temperament dimensions and dental anxiety in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12897. [PMID: 36302720 PMCID: PMC10092261 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated associations between dental anxiety and four temperament dimensions: effortful control, extraversion/surgency, negative affect and orienting sensitivity among 2558 parents in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, and temperament with the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Associations between dental anxiety and temperament dimensions were modelled using linear and logistic (cut-off ≥ 19 for high dental anxiety) regression analyses adjusting for general anxiety and depressive symptoms, age and education. In women and men, dental anxiety was positively associated with negative affect (women β = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.15; men β = 1.11; 95%CI 1.05-1.18) and negatively associated with effortful control (women β = 0.95; 95% CI0.92-0.99, men β = 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.95). In women, extraversion/surgency was also positively associated with dental anxiety (β = 1.04; 95%CI 1.00-1.08). For high dental anxiety, negative affect in women (OR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.31-3.06) and men (OR = 5.21; 95%CI 1.72-15.83) and for extraversion/surgency in women (OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.01-1.47) associated positively with dental anxiety, but for effortful control, the association was not statistically significant. Dentists should understand that temperament dimensions affect the risk for dental anxiety more strongly than general anxiety or depressive symptoms. Dimensions negative affect and extraversion/surgency may increase and effortful control decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Arkkila
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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5
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Levi M, Bossù M, Luzzi V, Semprini F, Salaris A, Ottaviani C, Violani C, Polimeni A. Breathing out dental fear: A feasibility crossover study on the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing in children sitting on the dentist's chair. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:801-811. [PMID: 35152506 PMCID: PMC9790220 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety related to the dental context is a clinically significant challenge. In children, dental fear is often accompanied by disruptive and uncooperative behaviours that can render treatment difficult. Although techniques to reduce children's anxiety exist, many have not been formally evaluated. DESIGN Diaphragmatic breathing has been shown to reduce fear and anxiety, but few investigations have evaluated whether it can reduce dental anxiety in children. This crossover study tested the effectiveness and feasibility of diaphragmatic breathing in twenty children undergoing dental care. RESULTS Compared with the treatment as usual, such a simple technique had significant benefits on mood, self-reported pain and autonomic balance, thus reducing sympathetic activation. CONCLUSION Diaphragmatic breathing is a low-cost, easy-to-implement technique suitable for daily dental practice, and is a promising tool for reducing negative effect and physiological distress in children with dental anxiety that results in more cooperative behaviours and reduced visit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Levi
- Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Maurizio Bossù
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ScienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Valeria Luzzi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ScienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Semprini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ScienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Salaris
- Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly,Neuroimaging LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | | | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ScienceSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Valdes-Stauber J, Hummel K. The relationship between dental anxiety and other kinds of anxiety: a naturalistic, cross-sectional and comparative study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:184. [PMID: 34819158 PMCID: PMC8611955 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety is of public health importance because it leads to postponed dental treatment, which comes with health complications. The present study investigated whether there is a correlation between the degree of dental anxiety and other kinds of anxiety and whether there are prognostic factors for the different kinds of anxiety. METHOD In the sample (N = 156) from a dental practice in a large German city, 62% of patients received a check-examination and 38% received dental surgery. The target variables were recorded with validated questionnaires: dental anxiety (IDAF-4c+), subclinical anxiety (SubA), anxiety of negative evaluation (SANB-5), current general anxiety (STAI state), loneliness (LS-S) and self-efficacy (GSW-6). The applied statistics were: t-tests for 31 variables, correlation matrix and multivariate and bivariate regression analyses. RESULTS The dental surgery patients displayed more dental anxiety and more dental interventions than the check-examination group. The main result was a positive correlation of all kinds of anxiety with each other, a positive correlation of loneliness and neuroticism with all forms of anxiety and a negative correlation between all forms of anxiety and self-efficacy. Especially dental anxiety is positively associated with other kinds of anxiety. In multivariate regression models only neuroticism is associated with dental anxiety, but feelings of loneliness are positively associated with with the other kinds of anxiety assessed in this study. The higher the self-efficacy, the lower the level of general anxiety. CONCLUSIONS In dentistry, anxiety from negative experiences with buccal interventions should be distinguished from anxiety caused by personality traits. Self-efficacy tends to protect against anxiety, while loneliness and neuroticism are direct or indirect risk factors for anxiety in this urban dentistry sample. Dental anxiety seems to be independent from biographical strains but not from neuroticism. In practice, more attention must be paid to anxiety control, self-management and efforts to improve the confidence of patients with emotional lability, less self-confidence and propensity to shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Valdes-Stauber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kevin Hummel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Nermo H, Willumsen T, Rognmo K, Thimm JC, Wang CEA, Johnsen JAK. Dental anxiety and potentially traumatic events: a cross-sectional study based on the Tromsø Study-Tromsø 7. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:600. [PMID: 34814891 PMCID: PMC8609887 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to describe the prevalence of dental anxiety and the possible associations between dental anxiety and potentially traumatic events in an adult population. METHOD The study is based on cross-sectional questionnaire data from the 7th wave of the Tromsø Study, a study of the adult general population in the municipality of Tromsø carried out in 2015-2016. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was used to measure dental anxiety across potentially traumatic events, oral health, dental attendance (avoidance) and current mental health symptoms (Hopkins Symptom Checklist). Individuals with high and low dental anxiety scores were compared to investigate differences in the distribution of potentially traumatic events, current mental health symptoms, avoidance, sex and oral health, and hierarchical multivariable regression was used to study the influence of traumatic events on dental anxiety. RESULTS High dental anxiety was reported by 2.9% of the sample and was most prevalent among females and in the youngest age groups. Individuals with high dental anxiety reported more current mental health symptoms, and they were more likely to report poorer oral health and more irregular dental visits compared to individuals with no or lower dental anxiety scores. Concerning traumatic events, the reporting of painful or frightening dental treatment showed the biggest difference between those with high dental anxiety and low dental anxiety scores (a moderate effect). The hierarchical regression model indicated that reporting sexual abuse, traumatic medical treatment in hospital and childhood neglect significantly predicted dental anxiety in the step they were entered in, but only sexual abuse remained a significant individual contributor after controlling for current mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of high dental anxiety was lower than expected (2.9%), but dentally anxious individuals expressed a high burden of mental health symptoms, poor oral health and the avoidance of dental care. The regression analysis indicated that experiences with sexual abuse could affect dental anxiety levels in the absence of generalised symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Nermo
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens C Thimm
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Höglund M, Bågesund M, Shahnavaz S, Wårdh I. Evaluation of the ability of dental clinicians to rate dental anxiety. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:455-461. [PMID: 31317603 PMCID: PMC6790589 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of dental clinicians to rate dental anxiety. A total of 104 clinicians from 24 public dental clinics in the Region of Östergötland, Sweden, examined 1,128 adult patients undergoing their regular dental examination. The patients rated their dental anxiety using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and a Visual Analogue Scale. After the examination, the clinicians rated the patients' levels of dental anxiety on a Visual Analogue Scale. The correlation (rs ) between the clinicians' and patients' ratings of dental anxiety was 0.45. Among highly dentally anxious patients, there was no correlation between clinicians' and patients' ratings. Dental clinicians rated dental anxiety lower than their patients did, especially if the patients were highly anxious. The ability of clinicians to rate dental anxiety was better when the clinician was older and the patient was older. There was an inverse association between clinicians' confidence and their ability to rate a patient's dental anxiety. In conclusion, clinicians are unsuccessful in identifying a dentally anxious patient without the concurrent use of patient self-assessment tools. A Visual Analogue Scale is a suitable screening tool in general practice for detection of dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Höglund
- Centre for Orofacial Medicine, Public Dental Service Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats Bågesund
- Centre for Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Norrköping, Public Dental Service Östergötland, Sweden.,Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shervin Shahnavaz
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychotherapy Education and Research, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Wårdh
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Academic Centre of Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Karibe H, Kato Y, Shimazu K, Okamoto A, Heima M. Gender differences in adolescents' perceptions toward dentists using the Japanese version of the dental beliefs survey: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:144. [PMID: 31300056 PMCID: PMC6625028 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While adult women show greater dental anxiety than adult men, few studies have examined gender differences in adolescent perceptions of dentists. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in adolescents’ perceptions toward dentists by using the Japanese version of the Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS) and the factor structure of the DBS. Methods We conducted surveys at schools, and 957 Japanese adolescents (403 girls and 554 boys, aged between 13 and 15 years) participated in this study. To assess their confidence in dentists, participants were asked to complete the self-reported, 15-item Japanese version of the DBS. We performed a Welch’s t-test and a one-way analysis of variance to assess differences in DBS scores by gender and age. Factor analysis (principal components, varimax rotation) was used to assess the scale’s factor structure. Results A significant gender difference was observed in the DBS scores (P = 0.018), suggesting that boys exhibit greater negative perceptions toward the behavior of dentists than girls. However, there was no significant difference found among ages. The factor analysis yielded two results: Factor 1, “trust” (seven items); and Factor 2, “lack of control” (five items). Notably, the factor structure differed according to gender. As such, by including only factors with eigenvalues above 1.0, the DBS for girls comprised “trust” (seven items) and “communication” (three items), while that for boys comprised “lack of control” (six items) and “belittlement” (six items). Conclusions This study identified two factors of differing strengths pertaining to the confidence of Japanese adolescents in dentists. Gender differences in perceptions toward dentists were observed. Accounting for these differences may improve the effectiveness of strategies to lower dental anxiety and foster positive dental beliefs in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Karibe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Kisaki Shimazu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Ayuko Okamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Masahiro Heima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4905, USA
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10
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Karibe H, Koeda M, Aoyagi-Naka K, Kato Y, Tateno A, Suzuki H, Okubo Y. Differences in the perception of dental sounds: a preliminary study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:1051-1056. [PMID: 31308637 PMCID: PMC6614825 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s204465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The sound of dental treatments can evoke anxiety in some dental patients. While women have shown greater dental anxiety than men, little is known about the gender differences in the perception of dental sounds. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate differences in the perception of dental sounds according to the level of dental fear and gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on the level of dental fear, 69 adults (39 women, 30 men; average age, 28.1±8.1 years) were categorized into four groups. Three types of sounds were presented to participants: two sounds associated with dental treatment and a neutral sound. All participants rated their emotional reaction to each sound on a visual analog scale. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for ratings of valence and disgust for a dental drilling sound among the four groups (p=0.007 and 0.004, respectively). Female participants in the dental fear group rated the dental drilling sound as more negative and disgusting than did female participants in the control group (p=0.002 for both ratings). However, no significant differences were found in ratings between males in the dental fear and control groups. CONCLUSION Perception of dental sounds appears to differ by level of dental fear and by gender. Considering these differences may contribute to reducing fear in dental patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Karibe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Hiroyuki KaribeDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo102-8159, JapanTel +81 3 3261 6524Fax +81 3 5216 3720Email
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Aoyagi-Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Franćeski T, Karlović D, Peitl V, Ljubičić R, Silić A, Verzak Ž. INFLUENCE OF THE SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM POLYMORPHISM ON THE EXPRESSION OF DENTAL ANXIETY. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:417-424. [PMID: 31168173 PMCID: PMC6536273 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
- The aim of the study was to test the correlation between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and dental anxiety. Research hypothesis was that positive relation between the expression of dental anxiety and the S allele exists in the population of healthy Caucasians. We conducted a prospective study on 159 subjects, volunteers made up of medical and non-medical staff of the Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre. Both genders were included, age range 19 to 59, mentally and physically healthy (according to DSM-5 classification of mental disorders). For the purpose of this research, we used a sociodemographic questionnaire containing the following information: age, gender, education level, work status, marital status and residence. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised (DAS-R) was used to measure dental anxiety. Data distribution was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, difference between the groups by ?χ2-test and one-way analysis of variance, and correlation of variables by logistic regression. In the study population, we found positive correlation between S-allele and total result in DAS-R questionnaire. The presence of S allele suggests that the person will have a higher result in DAS-R questionnaire, i.e. higher expression of dental anxiety.
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Halonen H, Nissinen J, Lehtiniemi H, Salo T, Riipinen P, Miettunen J. The Association Between Dental Anxiety And Psychiatric Disorders And Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:207-222. [PMID: 30288171 PMCID: PMC6142663 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background A growing amount of evidence suggests that dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and symptoms. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies of comorbidity of dental anxiety with other specific phobias and other Axis I psychiatric disorders. Objective The aim of the review was to explore how dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and to estimate the level of comorbid symptoms in dental anxiety patients. Methods The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the MOOSE statement. Data sources included PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus. Results The search produced 631 hits, of which 16 unique records fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of eligible papers was low. Study populations were heterogeneous including 6,486 participants, and a total of 25 tests and in few cases clinical interviews were used in the evaluation processes. The results enhanced the idea about the comorbidity between dental anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. The effect was found strong in several studies. Conclusion Patients with a high level of dental anxiety are more prone to have a high level of comorbid phobias, depression, mood disorders and other psychiatric disorders and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Halonen
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenna Nissinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Lehtiniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Riipinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
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Wu L, Gao X. Children's dental fear and anxiety: exploring family related factors. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 29866080 PMCID: PMC5987456 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a major issue affecting children's oral health and clinical management. This study investigates the association between children's DFA and family related factors, including parents' DFA, parenting styles, family structure (nuclear or single-parent family), and presence of siblings. METHODS A total of 405 children (9-13 years old) and their parents were recruited from 3 elementary schools in Hong Kong. Child's demographic and family-related information was collected through a questionnaire. Parents' and child's DFA were measured by using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), respectively. Parenting styles were gauged by using the Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). RESULTS DFA was reported by 33.1% of children. The mean (SD) CFSS-DS score was 29.1 (11.0). Children with siblings tended to report DFA (37.0% vs. 24.1%; p = 0.034) and had a higher CFSS-DS score (29.9 vs. 27.4; p = 0.025) as compared with their counterpart. Children from single-parent families had lower CFSS-DS score as compared with children from nuclear families (β = - 9.177; p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis showed a higher CFSS-DS score among boys with siblings (β = 7.130; p = 0.010) as compared with their counterpart; girls' from single-parent families had a lower CFSS-DS score (β = - 13.933; p = 0.015) as compared with girls from nuclear families. Children's DFA was not associated with parents' DFA or parenting styles (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Family structure (nuclear or single-parent family) and presence of siblings are significant determinants for children's DFA. Parental DFA and parenting style do not affect children's DFA significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3rd Floor, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
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14
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Brogårdh-Roth S, Månsson J, Ridell K, Alward L, Hellén-Halme K, Ekberg E. Five years' follow-up of dental fear and anxiety, experience of dental care and oral health behaviour in Swedish preterm and full-term adolescents. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:145. [PMID: 29202809 PMCID: PMC5715547 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is rising concern about how preterm birth affects long-term health later in life. The various effects that preterm birth have on developmental outcomes, cognitive profiles and medical health may also affect levels of cooperation in the dental care situation in addition to general oral health and other oral health-related habits. Oral health is an integral part of one’s general health and well-being; however, less is known about how prematurity affects oral health and other related areas such as dental care, and including dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in individuals during adolescence and adulthood. This is considered of special interest to study, as preterm children during the preschool and school period were reported to have behavioural problems during dental treatments and less than favourable oral hygiene. Methods A questionnaire was used of self-report design and structured into behavioural aspects relating to dental treatment, oral health-related factors, and medical health. This questionnaire at 17–19 years of age was a follow-up from 12 to 14 years of age and considered a predictor for planning future dental care for this group of patients. The 145 participating adolescents were all preterm, born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation and 140 full-term controls, born ≥37 weeks of gestation. Results Dental fear and anxiety, oral health behaviour, and intake of sweets and sugary drinks of 17–19-year old adolescents born preterm was comparable to that of the full-term control group. Medical health problems as well as the intake of sweets and sugary drinks increased from the time of early adolescence to late adolescence in both groups. Conclusions Preterm as well as full-term adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age are satisfied with their dental care and display low prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The findings in this study indicate that adolescents born very preterm and extremely preterm are well prepared for transition to dental care in adult life with expectations of being able to take responsibility for their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brogårdh-Roth
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | - Karin Ridell
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lubna Alward
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hellén-Halme
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - EwaCarin Ekberg
- Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Mejía-Rubalcava C, Alanís-Tavira J, Mendieta-Zerón H, Sánchez-Pérez L. Changes induced by music therapy to physiologic parameters in patients with dental anxiety. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2015; 21:282-6. [PMID: 26573456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on patients suffering dental anxiety. In addition, a second objective was to determine the correlation between salivary cortisol and other physiologic parameters. METHODS 34 patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group. For each patient was measured for salivary cortisol, stimulate salivary flow, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Student t-test and Chi2 were applied to analyze significant differences between the studied variables before and after the unpleasant stimulation causes anxiety for dental treatment. RESULTS Initially, both groups registered the same level of anxiety. In the second measurement, significant differences were registered in the salivary cortisol concentration, systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, body temperature and stimulated salivary flow for treated group with music therapy. CONCLUSION Music therapy has a positive effect in control of dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Mejía-Rubalcava
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry (CIEAO), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), PaseoTollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Universidad, Toluca, ZC:50130, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Alanís-Tavira
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry (CIEAO), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), PaseoTollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Universidad, Toluca, ZC:50130, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Mendieta-Zerón
- Research Center of Medical Science (CICMED), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Venustiano Carranza, Col. Universidad, Toluca, ZC:50130, Mexico.
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Autonomous Metropolitan University of Xochimilco, Calz del Hueso #1100, Coyoacán, Villa Quietud, Ciudad de México, D.F, ZC:04960, Mexico.
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Storjord HP, Teodorsen MM, Bergdahl J, Wynn R, Johnsen JAK. Dental anxiety: a comparison of students of dentistry, biology, and psychology. J Multidiscip Healthc 2014; 7:413-8. [PMID: 25285013 PMCID: PMC4181736 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s69178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental anxiety is an important challenge for many patients and clinicians. It is thus of importance to know more about dental students’ own experiences with dental anxiety and their understanding of dental anxiety. The aim was to investigate differences in dental anxiety levels between dental students, psychology students, and biology students at a Norwegian university. Materials and methods A total of 510 students of dentistry, psychology, and biology at the University of Tromsø received a questionnaire consisting of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, demographic questions, and questions relating to their last visit to the dentist/dental hygienist; 169 students gave complete responses. Nonparametric tests were used to investigate differences between the student groups. Results The respondents were 78% female and 22% male; their mean age was 24 years. The dental students showed a significantly lower degree of dental anxiety than the psychology (P<0.001) and biology students (P<0.001). A significant decrease in dental anxiety levels was found between novice and experienced dentistry students (P<0.001). Discussion The dental students had less dental anxiety compared to psychology students and biology students. Experienced dental students also had less dental anxiety than novice dental students. This could indicate that the dentistry program structure at the university may influence dental anxiety levels. Conclusion Dental anxiety seemed to be less frequent in dentistry students compared to students of biology or clinical psychology. The practice-oriented dentistry education at the university might contribute to the differences in anxiety levels between new and experienced dentistry students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Mjønes Teodorsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Bergdahl
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ; Division of Addictions and Specialized Psychiatric Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Spindler H, Staugaard SR, Nicolaisen C, Poulsen R. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention on dental fear. J Public Health Dent 2014; 75:64-73. [PMID: 25234823 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with dental fear in a private dental clinic. METHODS Patients presenting with subjectively reported dental fear were randomly assigned to either an immediate intervention (n = 53) or a waiting list (n = 51) group. Both groups received an identical intervention, but delayed by 4-6 weeks in the waiting list group. Participants were asked to fill out two self-report questionnaires of dental fear at pre- and post-intervention, and again at a 2-year follow-up assessment. RESULTS Analysis of variance showed that dental fear was significantly reduced in the immediate intervention group (d = 1.5-2.2), compared with the waiting list group (d = 0.3-0.4). Additionally, all participants showed a significant reduction of dental fear following the brief intervention, and in the subgroup available for follow-up, this effect was maintained after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention may be efficacious in helping a significant number of patients with dental fear return to regular dental treatment. Future research should investigate the applicability of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention in the dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Spindler
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mohammed RB, Lalithamma T, Varma DM, Sudhakar KNV, Srinivas B, Krishnamraju PV, Shaik AB. Prevalence of dental anxiety and its relation to age and gender in coastal Andhra (Visakhapatnam) population, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2014; 5:409-14. [PMID: 25097425 PMCID: PMC4121925 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.136210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental fear, anxiety and phobia have consistently been reported as widespread problems that persist despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety (DA) and its relation to age and sex among Coastal Andhra (Visakhapatnam) population. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study was designed among 340 individuals at GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam. The sample for the study consisted of 180 female and 160 male subjects between 15 and 65 years of age; all were supplied with two questionnaires (Corah DA scale [CDAS] and Clarke and Rustvold dental concerns assessment scale describing anxiety provoking stimuli. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied (significance level P < 0.05). The correlations between the two questionnaires were calculated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Two questionnaires were collected from all 340 individuals and the Indian translation of both instruments was found to be internally reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.093. Overall prevalence of DA was high (77.4%) but severe (22.6%) anxiety (phobia) was low. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant relation between age and DA. The mean CDAS scores were high in 25-35 (11.08) and low in 55-65 (9.45) year age groups. Mann-Whitney U test showed significant relation between sex and DA. Mean CDAS score levels were significantly higher in females (10.88) than in males (9.96) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients anxious about dental procedures are often more difficult to treat. If Dentists become aware about the level of DA among their patients, they can anticipate patient's behavior and can be prepared to take behavioral/pharmacological measures to reduce anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Begum Mohammed
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Thota Lalithamma
- M. D. S. and Reader, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, C.K.S. Teja Dental College and Hospital, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dandu Maruti Varma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Bheemunipatnam, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Baratam Srinivas
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ahammad Basha Shaik
- Statistician cum Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Beaton L, Freeman R, Humphris G. Why are people afraid of the dentist? Observations and explanations. Med Princ Pract 2013; 23:295-301. [PMID: 24356305 PMCID: PMC5586885 DOI: 10.1159/000357223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to explore the peer-reviewed literature to answer the question: 'Why are people afraid of the dentist?' METHOD Relevant literature was identified by searching the following on-line databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Publications were extracted if they explored the causes and consequences of dental fear, dental anxiety or dental phobia. RESULTS The research evidence suggests that the causes of dental fear, dental anxiety or dental phobia are related to exogenous factors such as direct learning from traumatic experiences, vicarious learning through significant others and the media, and endogenous factors such as inheritance and personality traits. Each individual aetiological factor is supported by the evidence provided. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that the aetiology of dental fear, anxiety or phobia is complex and multifactorial. The findings show that there are clear practical implications indicated by the existing research in this area: a better understanding of dental fear, anxiety and phobia may prevent treatment avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beaton
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gerry Humphris
- Health Psychology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Anxiety due to Dental Treatment and Procedures among University Students and Its Correlation with Their Gender and Field of Study. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:647436. [PMID: 23573092 PMCID: PMC3612457 DOI: 10.1155/2013/647436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of Study. To investigate dental anxiety levels among university students and its relation with their specialty and gender. Materials and Methods. 850 undergraduate university students were recruited into the study. The Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to measure the levels of their dental anxiety. 700 questionnaires were returned, 390 females and 310 males (response rate of 0.92% among females, 0.73% among males). The MDAS score ranged from 5 to 25. Patients were considered to suffer from high dental anxiety if they scored 13 to 20 points. Statistical analysis significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results. Seven hundred students participated in this study including 13% of medical students, 10% of dental students, 58% of arts students, and 18% of computer science students. Medical and dental students were less anxious than arts and computer science students (P < 0.05). Local anesthesia injection was the most fearful dental procedure (P < 0.05). Females were more anxious than males (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Male students were less anxious than female students. Students from medical background faculties were less anxious than students from nonmedical faculties. Lack of adequate dental health education may result in a higher level of dental anxiety among nonmedical students in Saudi Arabia.
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Tolvanen M, Hagqvist O, Luoto A, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Changes over time in adult dental fear and correlation to depression and anxiety: a cohort study of pregnant mothers and fathers. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:264-9. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain study group; Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Turku; Turku; Finland
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