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Salivary gland tumours in a northern Chinese population: a 50-year retrospective study of 7190 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:343-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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2
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Lennon P, Silvera VM, Perez-Atayde A, Cunningham MJ, Rahbar R. Disorders and tumors of the salivary glands in children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015; 48:153-73. [PMID: 25439553 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children. In infants most tumors are benign hemangiomas, with some notable exceptions, such as sialoblastomas. An asymptomatic swelling in the periauricular region is the most common presenting complaint in older children. Approximately 50% of these lesions are malignant, which dictates a thorough diagnostic evaluation by a head and neck surgeon. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality. Prognosis is primarily determined by histopathologic findings. This review discusses neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands in children, and malignant epithelial tumors in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lennon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - V Michelle Silvera
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology 300 Longwood Avenue Main Building, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Perez-Atayde
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader, 1st Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Cunningham
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, 333 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, 333 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Gonçalves CF, Morais MO, Alencar RDCG, Mota ED, Silva TA, Batista AC, Mendonça EF. Expression Of Ki-67 and MUC1 In mucoepidermoid carcinomas of young and adult patients: Prognostic implications. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 90:271-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Yu G, Li Z, Ma D, Zhang Y. Diagnosis and treatment of epithelial salivary gland tumours in children and adolescents. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(02)00117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Lindemann J, Koretz K, Verse T. Unusual neck mass in an adolescent: benign basal cell adenoma of the minor salivary glands of the piriform sinus. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2001; 58:243-7. [PMID: 11335014 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(01)00427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With an incidence of less than 3%, salivary gland tumors are rare in the head and neck. The percentage of basal cell adenomas within the group of salivary gland tumors is even less (0.2-2%). Salivary gland tumors occur very rarely in adolescents. The basal cell adenoma commonly affects older persons and occurs most frequently in the major salivary glands. We present the unusual case of a benign basal cell adenoma of the minor salivary glands of the piriform sinus in a 14 year old male patient. Unusual are the age of the patient, the histological type, size and localisation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, D-89075, Ulm, Germany.
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6
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Rogers DA, Rao BN, Bowman L, Marina N, Fleming ID, Schropp KP, Lobe TE. Primary malignancy of the salivary gland in children. J Pediatr Surg 1994; 29:44-7. [PMID: 8120760 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen pediatric patients with a major salivary gland malignancy (16 parotid, 1 submaxillary) were reviewed. Eight patients presented with carcinoma. The usual presentation was a mass over the affected gland. Six patients had localized disease, which was treated by excision. This was accomplished by either a total or subtotal parotidectomy or resection of the submaxillary gland. Two patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. All six patients with localized carcinoma are alive, without evidence of disease. Two patients presented with metastatic disease and died of the disease despite treatment with multiagent chemotherapy, and in one case, radiation therapy. Nine patients had rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The usual presentation was a mass at the angle of the mandible. Five patients had involvement of one or more cranial nerves, and two had concomitant cervical adenopathy. Eight patients had a biopsy and then were treated according to an existing prospective institutional protocol. The ninth patient initially underwent a superficial parotidectomy. Seven patients received radiation therapy. In one patient, rapid progression of the disease precluded this treatment. Seven patients died of progressive local and distant disease 2 months to 2 years (median, 6 months) from the time of diagnosis. Two patients are alive, without evidence of disease, 3 and 7 years after presentation. We conclude that carcinoma should be managed with complete excision. For RMS of the salivary gland, a biopsy should be performed, and treatment should consist of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/surgery
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/therapy
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Parotid Neoplasms/pathology
- Parotid Neoplasms/surgery
- Parotid Neoplasms/therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/surgery
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/surgery
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/therapy
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/surgery
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rogers
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101
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Taylor RE, Gattamaneni HR, Spooner D. Salivary gland carcinomas in children: a review of 15 cases. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1993; 21:429-32. [PMID: 8515723 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950210607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas are rare in childhood. We have reviewed the case records of 15 children aged 3-14 years (median 11) identified from children's tumour registries. Primary sites were parotid: 11, submandibular: 3, and base of tongue: 1. The range of histologies was similar to that occurring in adults. Six were treated by complete excision, with one given post-operative radiotherapy (RT). All six remain disease-free at 2 months to 21 years after completion of treatment. Five were treated by partial or sub-total excision. Four were given post-operative RT, of whom 3 are disease-free at 3 years, 6 months--18 years and 1 lost to follow-up (LTFA). One not given RT developed a local recurrence at 11 months and was given RT and LTFA. Four patients had a biopsy only. Three were treated by RT. One is disease-free at 8 years, one died of metastatic disease at 6 months, and one developed a local recurrence at 11 years and has remained disease-free following salvage surgery. One patient with advanced disease not suitable for RT died 3 months after diagnosis. Complete excision is the treatment of choice. Following sub-total or incomplete excision post-operative RT can prevent recurrence. Careful RT planning is necessary to minimise late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Taylor
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, England
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Viva E, Zorzi F, Annibale G, Stefini S, Baronchelli C, Bonetti MF. Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the parotid gland: a case report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1992; 24:269-74. [PMID: 1399316 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(92)90025-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant salivary gland neoplasms in children are rare, most common being mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Most germ-cell neoplasms of head and neck in children are teratomas. The authors report a case of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the parotid gland in a 2-year-old girl, which recurred after chemotherapy. The role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum level as a helpful marker in differential diagnosis and in evaluating tumor progression is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Viva
- Department of Maxillo-Surgery, Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy
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Rasp G, Permanetter W. Malignant salivary gland tumors: squamous cell carcinoma of the submandibular gland in a child. Am J Otolaryngol 1992; 13:109-12. [PMID: 1642326 DOI: 10.1016/0196-0709(92)90008-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands are extremely unusual in the pediatric age group. METHODS We report an 11-year-old boy who presented with a mass in the left submandibular region and a second mass in the jugularfacial venous angle. RESULTS Histologic evaluation determined that this was a squamous cell carcinoma of the submandibular gland with metastasis to a cervical node. Review of the literature was undertaken to identify the rate of malignant salivary gland tumors in children. Malignant salivary gland tumors are extremely rare in children. When malignancy does occur, nearly 90% are present in the parotid gland. The submandibular gland is effected in 7.7% of cases. The most common malignancy in salivary glands of children is the mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in less than 2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children in contrast to adults. The proportion of malignant tumors in children is higher than that observed in adults; however, it is not possible to draw conclusions concerning treatment from the few case reports that exist. A higher rate of local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis may be expected in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rasp
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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Jones DC, Bainton R. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate in a 9-year-old boy. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 69:483-6. [PMID: 2158033 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(90)90383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of salivary glands in children are extremely rare. A case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma affecting the palate in a 9-year-old child is described. This tumor has not previously been reported as affecting the minor salivary glands among patients in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Jones
- Regional Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Liverpool Hospital, England
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11
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Ito M, Nakagawa A, Nakayama A, Uno Y, Takahashi I, Asai J. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 10-month-old child. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1990; 40:149-52. [PMID: 2187319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1990.tb01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malignant salivary gland tumors in children are very rare. This report describes the autopsy of a child with parotid gland cancer. The patient, a 10-month-old girl, was admitted to the Nagoya First Red Cross Hospital with facial nerve palsy. Incisional biopsy of a post-auricular tumor was performed, and undifferentiated carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient died 6 months later of respiratory failure due to pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis. Light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of the tumor tissue were performed. The tumor cells were arranged in a medullary, sheet-like manner. Keratinization or mucus lakes were not observed. PAS-alcian blue staining demonstrated intracytoplasmic mucus as granules, and also small intercellular droplets of mucus that might otherwise have been unnoticed. Ultrastructurally, some of the tumor cells had tonofilament-like keratin filaments, and also small hollow spaces bounded by microvilli and containing secretory particles. These were stained by antisera against CEA and keratin. These findings are suggestive of differentiation to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We also review and discuss malignant salivary tumors of epithelial origin in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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12
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Camacho AE, Goodman ML, Eavey RD. Pathologic correlation of the unknown solid parotid mass in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989; 101:566-71. [PMID: 2512537 DOI: 10.1177/019459988910100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A parotid mass in a pediatric patient is stated to have an approximately 50% likelihood of being malignant. To evaluate our experience in light of this suggested incidence, we conducted a retrospective study, which included 22 patients treated over an 8-year period, 1979 to 1987. Patients' ages ranged from 16 months to 19 years, and all patients presented with an unknown, solid parotid mass. One patient had a malignancy, mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Eight patients were diagnosed with benign pleomorphic adenoma. Thirteen patients had an inflammatory process consisting of one of the following conditions: cat-scratch disease (4); atypical mycobacteria (4); benign follicular hyperplasia of a lymph node (4); and toxoplasmosis (1). The histologic findings in this series suggest that unknown solid parotid masses that occur in children or adolescents are frequently the result of inflammatory conditions and are not likely to be malignant. We therefore recommend a reconsideration of the reputed estimation of malignancy in the parotid gland in children. The majority of pathologic conditions discovered, however, are still best diagnosed and treated by surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Camacho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114
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Abstract
During the 30-year period 1955-1985, 21 children with neoplasms of the major salivary glands were treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. A thorough review of the English literature revealed an additional 472 cases. The cases were studied as to age, sex, site, histopathologic characteristics, mode of treatment, and results. The majority of the patients were between 8 and 20 years of age. There was a female preponderance of 1.42:1. The parotid gland was the site of origin in 85.1%, the submandibular in 11.7%, and the sublingual in 3.2%. An equal incidence of benign (50.1%) and malignant (49.9%) lesions is noted. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm and mucoepidermoid carcinoma the most common malignant neoplasm. The final prognosis seems to be similar with superficial or total parotidectomy, provided the tumor has been completely removed at the initial surgery. Re-excision is recommended for tumor recurrence, and the use of radiation therapy should be individually determined in cases of aggressive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Shikhani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Kärjä J, Syrjänen S, Usenius T, Vornanen M, Collan Y. Oral cancer in children under 15 years of age. A clinicopathological and virological study. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1988; 449:145-9. [PMID: 2849281 DOI: 10.3109/00016488809106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
11 malignant tumours of the oral region in children under 15 years of age were diagnosed in Finland during the 20-year period from 1961 to 1980; the age adjusted annual incidence rate being 0.31 per 1,000,000 children. 5 cases were intraoral cancer and 5 cases malignant tumours of the major salivary glands. The formalin-fixed tumours were studied using the in situ DNA hybridization technique for Adenovirus, group II, Epstein-Barr and human papillomavirus, type 16. For the first time, evidence was provided for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in a malignant salivary gland tumour, implicating a possible etiological role for this virus in salivary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kärjä
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kuopio, Finland
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Gustafsson H, Dahlqvist A, Anniko M, Carlsöö B. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a minor salivary gland in childhood. J Laryngol Otol 1987; 101:1320-3. [PMID: 3323383 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms in childhood and adolescence are rare, especially in the minor salivary glands. Vasoformative tumours and pleomorphic adenomas appear to be the most common benign neoplastic salivary gland lesions in the pediatric age group. The distribution of various malignant histological types is not always consistent with that in the adult population, and they appear more often in girls than in boys. Only 17 cases have previously been documented. The clinical and histological picture of a case of palatal mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 13-year-old girl is presented as well as a review of the literature on malignant salivary gland tumours in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gustafsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Umeå, Sweden
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Myer C, Cotton RT. Salivary gland disease in children: a review. Part 2: Congenital lesions and neoplastic disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1986; 25:353-7. [PMID: 3709019 DOI: 10.1177/000992288602500704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the second of a two-part review of salivary gland disease in children. Part 1, on acquired non-neoplastic disease appeared on pages 314 through 322 in the June issue of this volume.
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Abstract
Malignant salivary gland neoplasms in children are rare. Such tumors usually occur in the parotid gland of older children. Sixteen cases of major salivary gland malignancy are reviewed, 14 occurring in the parotid gland and two in the submandibular gland. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignancy encountered, occurring in five patients; four have died of disease. Low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurred in three patients and all remain alive and free of disease. An assorted variety of other cancers occurred in eight patients. One child died of reticulum cell sarcoma of the parotid gland, and two children have died of adenocarcinoma. The remaining five patients remain alive and free of disease. Salivary gland malignancies in children appear to have similar biological activity as those occurring in adults. Such tumors must be treated according to the same principles generally accepted for management of salivary gland malignancies in adults.
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