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Martin E, Brassard P, Gagnon-Auger M, Yale P, Carpentier AC, Ardilouze JL. Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism and pharmacology: a new investigative technique. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:383-91. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the Fick principle, any metabolic or hormonal exchange through a given tissue depends on the product of blood flow by arteriovenous difference. Because adipose tissue plays dual storage and endocrine roles, regulation of adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) is of pivotal importance. Monitoring ATBF in humans can be achieved through different methodologies, such as the 133Xe washout technique, considered to be the “gold standard”, as well as microdialysis and other methods that are not well validated as of yet. This report describes a new method, called “adipose tissue microinfusion” or “ATM”, which simultaneously quantifies ATBF by combining the 133Xe washout technique together with variations of ATBF induced by local infusion of vasoactive agents. The most appropriate site for ATM investigation is the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall. This innovative method conveniently enables the direct comparison of the effects on ATBF of any vasoactive compound, drug, or hormone against a contralateral saline control. The ATM method improves the accuracy and feasibility of physiological and pharmacological studies on the regulation of ATBF in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Martin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pascal Brassard
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maude Gagnon-Auger
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Yale
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Ardilouze
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Williams LR, Leggett RW. Reference values for resting blood flow to organs of man. CLINICAL PHYSICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE HOSPITAL PHYSICISTS' ASSOCIATION, DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR MEDIZINISCHE PHYSIK AND THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF ORGANISATIONS FOR MEDICAL PHYSICS 1989; 10:187-217. [PMID: 2697487 DOI: 10.1088/0143-0815/10/3/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a reliable quantitative description of blood flow in man has hampered the development of accurate biokinetic models of essential elements, drugs, imaging agents, and carcinogens. In this paper we review and analyse data on blood flow and identify representative percentages of cardiac output and absolute blood flow rates to organs and tissues of man for use as reference values for biokinetic models. To keep the review and analysis to a manageable size we have limited attention to the resting state and have suggested reference values for absolute and relative flow rates only for adult males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Williams
- Health and Safety Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831-6383
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Bülow J, Jelnes R, Astrup A, Madsen J, Vilmann P. Tissue/blood partition coefficients for xenon in various adipose tissue depots in man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1987; 47:1-3. [PMID: 3576104 DOI: 10.1080/00365518709168861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue/blood partition coefficients (lambda) for xenon were calculated for subcutaneous adipose tissue from the abdominal wall and the thigh, and for the perirenal adipose tissue after chemical analysis of the tissues for lipid, water and protein content. The lambda in the perirenal tissue was found to correlate linearly to the relative body weight (RBW) in per cent with the regression equation lambda = 0.045 . RBW + 0.99. The subcutaneous lambda on the abdomen correlated linearly to the local skinfold thickness (SFT) with the equation lambda = 0.22 SFT + 2.99. Similarly lambda on the thigh correlated to SFT with the equation lambda = 0.20 . SFT + 4.63. It is concluded that the previously accepted lambda value of 10 is generally too high in perirenal as well as in subcutaneous tissue. Thus, by application of the present regression equations, it is possible to obtain more exact estimates of the adipose tissue blood flow measured with the 133Xe wash-out method.
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Jelnes R, Astrup A. Determination of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for 131iodo-antipyrine in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1985; 45:521-4. [PMID: 4070954 DOI: 10.3109/00365518509155253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
131Iodo-antipyrine (131I-AP) is commonly used for blood flow measurements in adipose tissue. These estimations have been based on the assumption of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient being 1 ml g-1. No exact determination of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for 131I-AP in adipose tissue has been carried out. In the present study a partition coefficient of 1.12 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- S.D.) for 131I-AP in adipose tissue has been determined based on the partition coefficient for 131I-AP between lipid-saline (1.24 ml g-1), red blood cells-plasma (0.64 ml g-1), protein-saline (0.19 ml g-1) and plasma-saline (0.84 ml ml-1).
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