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Yamazoe Y, Yoshinari K. Construction of a fused grid-based CYP2C18-Template system and its application to drug metabolism. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 54:100534. [PMID: 38070310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Detailed estimation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolisms of medicine and other chemicals is necessary for the efficacy and safety assessments. Data on the metabolisms mediated by minor CYP enzymes like CYP2C18 are often not available in metabolisms and safety assessments of chemicals except for medical drugs developed recently. A ligand-accessible space in the active site of human CYP2C18 was thus reconstituted as a fused grid-based Template with the use of structural data of its ligands. An evaluation system of CYP2C18-mediated metabolism was then developed on Template with the introduction of the idea of movement and fastening of ligands after Trigger-residue contact. Reciprocal comparison of the data of simulations on Template with experimental results suggested a unified way of the interaction of CYP2C18, in similar to the CYP2C8 interaction (Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023, in press). These experiments also displayed the roles of initial Trigger-residue-localizations on their distinct catalyses among human CYP2C enzymes. Simulation experiments for over 130 reactions of CYP2C18 ligands supported the system established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamazoe
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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2
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Sun L, Mi K, Hou Y, Hui T, Zhang L, Tao Y, Liu Z, Huang L. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interactions: Research Methods and Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 37623842 PMCID: PMC10456269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the high research and development cost of new drugs, the long development process of new drugs, and the high failure rate at later stages, combining past drugs has gradually become a more economical and attractive alternative. However, the ensuing problem of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) urgently need to be solved, and combination has attracted a lot of attention from pharmaceutical researchers. At present, DDI is often evaluated and investigated from two perspectives: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, in some special cases, DDI cannot be accurately evaluated from a single perspective. Therefore, this review describes and compares the current DDI evaluation methods based on two aspects: pharmacokinetic interaction and pharmacodynamic interaction. The methods summarized in this paper mainly include probe drug cocktail methods, liver microsome and hepatocyte models, static models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, machine learning models, in vivo comparative efficacy studies, and in vitro static and dynamic tests. This review aims to serve as a useful guide for interested researchers to promote more scientific accuracy and clinical practical use of DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Tianyi Hui
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Lan Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
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3
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Zubiaur P, Gaedigk A. CYP2C18: the orphan in the CYP2C family. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:913-916. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zubiaur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Research Institute (CMRI), Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Research Institute (CMRI), Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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4
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Xu M, Chen Y, Xi X, Jiang C, Zhang Q, Wu T, Chu J, Dai G, Bai Y, Yu Q, Zou J, Ju W. In vitro inhibitory effects of components from Salvia miltiorrhiza on catalytic activity of three human AA ω-hydroxylases. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 43:100402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Construction of a fused grid-based template system of CYP2C9 and its application. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 45:100451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Feng L, Ning J, Tian X, Wang C, Yu Z, Huo X, Xie T, Zhang B, James TD, Ma X. Fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of Cytochrome P450. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kawachi T, Ninomiya M, Katsube T, Wajima T, Kanazu T. Human mass balance, metabolism, and cytochrome P450 phenotyping of lusutrombopag. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:287-296. [PMID: 33125290 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1845416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human mass balance of lusutrombopag, an orally bioavailable thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist, was characterised in seven healthy male subjects after a single oral dose of [14C]-lusutrombopag (2 mg, 100 μCi) in solution. Lusutrombopag was the main component in plasma, accounting for 56% of plasma radioactivity AUC0-∞. In plasma, the half-life of radioactivity (70.7 h) was longer than that of lusutrombopag (25.7 h), suggesting the presence of long circulating metabolites. The main excretion pathway of lusutorombopag was feces, with a radioactivity recovery of approximately 83% within 336 h post-dose. M6 (lusutrombopag-O-propanol or lusutrombopag-O-acetic acid) and M7 (lusutrombopag-O-ethane-1,2-diol) were also identified as main components in feces, accounting for at most 17.9%, and 16.9% of the dose, respectively, and were β-oxidation related metabolites. Our in vitro metabolism study of lusutrombopag indicated that β-oxidation was a subsequent metabolism of ω-oxidation and CYP4 enzymes, including CYP4A11, were the major isozymes contributing to ω-oxidation. In conclusion, lusutrombopag is primarily eliminated via ω-oxidation and excreted in the feces, where CYP4 enzymes play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawachi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ninomiya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsube
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Wajima
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Kanazu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
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Yamane M, Igarashi F, Yamauchi T, Nakagawa T. Main contribution of UGT1A1 and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of UR-1102, a novel agent for the treatment of gout. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:61-71. [PMID: 32813611 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1812012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UR-1102, a novel uricosuric agent for treating gout, has been confirmed to exhibit a pharmacological effect in patients. We clarified its metabolic pathway, estimated the contribution of each metabolic enzyme, and assessed the impact of genetic polymorphisms using human in vitro materials. Glucuronide, sulfate and oxidative metabolites of UR-1102 were detected in human hepatocytes. The intrinsic clearance by glucuronidation or oxidation in human liver microsomes was comparable, but sulfation in the cytosol was much lower, indicating that the rank order of contribution was glucuronidation ≥ oxidation > sulfation. Recombinant UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 showed high glucuronidation of UR-1102. We took advantage of a difference in the inhibitory sensitivity of atazanavir to the UGT isoforms and estimated the fraction metabolised (fm) with UGT1A1 to be 70%. Studies using recombinant CYPs and CYP isoform-specific inhibitors showed that oxidation was mediated exclusively by CYP2C9. The effect of UGT1A1 and CYP2C9 inhibitors on UR-1102 metabolism in hepatocytes did not differ markedly between the wild type and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Yamane
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshito Nakagawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Japan
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Effects of Child-Pugh B Cirrhosis on Pharmacokinetics of Tofogliflozin, a New Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT2) Inhibitor. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 70:401-409. [PMID: 32707593 DOI: 10.1055/a-1202-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofogliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. A mass balance study with combinations of microdoses revealed that tofogliflozin has high oral bioavailability (97.5%) and that tofogliflozin in circulation is eliminated primarily by metabolic pathways, with the liver playing a prominent role in elimination. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tofogliflozin and on the pharmacodynamics (urinary glucose excretion [UGE]). METHODS In an open-label, parallel-group study, 17 subjects (9 with moderate hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh Class B, score 7-9] and 8 healthy) received a single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin. Plasma and urine concentrations of tofogliflozin were determined. Accumulated UGE, adverse events, and physiological and laboratory test data were monitored. RESULTS Geometric mean ratio (GMR; geometric mean value for subjects with moderate hepatic impairment / geometric mean value for healthy subjects) of Cmax was 1.47 and GMR of AUCinf was 1.70. Moderate hepatic impairment had only a little effect on tmax and CLR but it prolonged MRT. The levels of cumulative UGE were similar between the 2 groups. No clinically significant adverse events, laboratory test values, or physiological test values were observed in any subject. CONCLUSIONS Moderate hepatic impairment increased Cmax and AUCinf of tofogliflozin by 47% and 70%, respectively. This increase in tofogliflozin exposure did not increase UGE in hepatically impaired subjects. A single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin was well tolerated, supporting dose adjustment is unnecessary even in moderately hepatically impaired subjects.
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Hassanabad MF, Fatehi M. Androgen Therapy in Male Patients Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Benefits and Risks. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:189-199. [PMID: 30073928 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180731125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current estimated numbers of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is believed to be close to 10% of the whole populations of many geographical regions, causing serious concerns over the resulting elevated morbidity and mortality as well as the impact on health care systems around the world. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of life, diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, indicating that appropriate drug therapy should not only deal with metabolic dysfunction but also protect the vascular system, kidney function and skeletal muscle mass from the effects of the epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycaemia. OBJECTIVE To provide an insight into the management of hypogonadism associated with T2D, this review focuses on clinical observations related to androgen therapy in qualified diabetic patients, and discusses the lines of evidence for its benefits and risks. The potential interactions of testosterone with medicines used by patients with T2D will also be discussed. CONCLUSION From recent clinical findings, it became evident that a considerable percentage of patients suffering from T2D manifested low serum testosterone and experienced diminished sexual activity, as well as reduced skeletal muscle mass and lower bone density. Although there are some controversies, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) for this particular population of patients appears to be beneficial overall only if it is implemented carefully and monitored regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza F Hassanabad
- Alberta Institute of Diabetes and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammad Fatehi
- Alberta Institute of Diabetes and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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11
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Serrano J, Tapper MA, Kolanczyk RC, Sheedy BR, Lahren T, Hammermeister DE, Denny JS, Hornung MW, Kubátová A, Kosian PA, Voelker J, Schmieder PK. Metabolism of cyclic phenones in rainbow trout in vitro assays. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:192-208. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1596331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Serrano
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mark A. Tapper
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Richard C. Kolanczyk
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Barbara R. Sheedy
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Tylor Lahren
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Dean E. Hammermeister
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Denny
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Michael W. Hornung
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Patricia A. Kosian
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Voelker
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Student Services Contractor, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Patricia K. Schmieder
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, USA
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12
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Murakata M, Kawase A, Kimura N, Ikeda T, Nagase M, Koizumi M, Kuwata K, Maeda K, Shimizu H. Synthesis of Tofogliflozin as an SGLT2 Inhibitor via Construction of Dihydroisobenzofuran by Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Murakata
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Akira Kawase
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kimura
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Takuma Ikeda
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagase
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koizumi
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kuwata
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimizu
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
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Yamaori S, Araki N, Shionoiri M, Ikehata K, Kamijo S, Ohmori S, Watanabe K. A Specific Probe Substrate for Evaluation of CYP4A11 Activity in Human Tissue Microsomes and a Highly Selective CYP4A11 Inhibitor: Luciferin-4A and Epalrestat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:446-457. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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14
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Murakata M, Ikeda T, Kimura N, Kawase A, Nagase M, Kimura M, Maeda K, Honma A, Shimizu H. The regioselective bromine-lithium exchange reaction of alkoxymethyldibromobenzene: A new strategy for the synthesis of tofogliflozin as a SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fowler S, Morcos PN, Cleary Y, Martin-Facklam M, Parrott N, Gertz M, Yu L. Progress in Prediction and Interpretation of Clinically Relevant Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions: a Minireview Illustrating Recent Developments and Current Opportunities. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:36-49. [PMID: 28261547 PMCID: PMC5315728 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review gives a perspective on the current "state of the art" in metabolic drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction. We highlight areas of successful prediction and illustrate progress in areas where limits in scientific knowledge or technologies prevent us from having full confidence. RECENT FINDINGS Several examples of success are highlighted. Work done for bitopertin shows how in vitro and clinical data can be integrated to give a model-based understanding of pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. The use of interpolative predictions to derive explicit dosage recommendations for untested DDIs is discussed using the example of ibrutinib, and the use of DDI predictions in lieu of clinical studies in new drug application packages is exemplified with eliglustat and alectinib. Alectinib is also an interesting case where dose adjustment is unnecessary as the activity of a major metabolite compensates sufficiently for changes in parent drug exposure. Examples where "unusual" cytochrome P450 (CYP) and non-CYP enzymes are responsible for metabolic clearance have shown the importance of continuing to develop our repertoire of in vitro regents and techniques. The time-dependent inhibition assay using human hepatocytes suspended in full plasma allowed improved DDI predictions, illustrating the importance of continued in vitro assay development and refinement. SUMMARY During the past 10 years, a highly mechanistic understanding has been developed in the area of CYP-mediated metabolic DDIs enabling the prediction of clinical outcome based on preclinical studies. The combination of good quality in vitro data and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling may now be used to evaluate DDI risk prospectively and are increasingly accepted in lieu of dedicated clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Fowler
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter N. Morcos
- Pharmaceutical Reseach and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 430 East 29th Street, New York City, NY USA
| | - Yumi Cleary
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meret Martin-Facklam
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gertz
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Li Yu
- Pharmaceutical Reseach and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 430 East 29th Street, New York City, NY USA
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Ruscica M, Baldessin L, Boccia D, Racagni G, Mitro N. Non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs: An update on pharmacological interactions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:14-24. [PMID: 27838511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains personalized control of glucose. Since less than 50% of patients with T2DM achieve glycemic treatment goal and most of them take medications for comorbidities associated to T2DM, drug interactions, namely pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, may enhance or reduce the effect of compounds involved in hyperglycemia. Hence, clinicians should be aware of the severe complications in T2DM patients in case of a concomitant use of these medications. It is within this context that this review aims to evaluate the effect of a second drug on the pharmacokinetic of these compounds which may lead, along with several pharmacodynamic interactions, to severe clinical complications, i.e., hypoglycemia. Available drugs already approved in Europe, USA and Japan have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - G Racagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Pafili K, Maltezos E, Papanas N. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug evaluation of tofogliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:1367-1380. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1229302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efstratios Maltezos
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Miyata A, Hasegawa M, Hachiuma K, Mori H, Horiuchi N, Mizuno-Yasuhira A, Chino Y, Jingu S, Sakai S, Samukawa Y, Nakai Y, Yamaguchi JI. Metabolite profiling and enzyme reaction phenotyping of luseogliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in humans. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:332-345. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1193263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Miyata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Kenji Hachiuma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Haruyuki Mori
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Nobuko Horiuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Akiko Mizuno-Yasuhira
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Yukihiro Chino
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Shigeji Jingu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Soichi Sakai
- Clinical Development, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Yoshishige Samukawa
- Research and Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Yasuhiro Nakai
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan,
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19
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Ohtake Y, Emura T, Nishimoto M, Takano K, Yamamoto K, Tsuchiya S, Yeu SY, Kito Y, Kimura N, Takeda S, Tsukazaki M, Murakata M, Sato T. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of Tofogliflozin. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2148-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Ohtake
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Takashi Emura
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimoto
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Koji Takano
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuchiya
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Sang-Yong Yeu
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kito
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200
Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kimura
- Pharmaceutical Technology
Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Sunao Takeda
- Pharmaceutical Technology
Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Masao Tsukazaki
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200
Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murakata
- Pharmaceutical Technology
Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Research Division,
Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135
Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
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20
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Xiao J, Chen D, Lin XX, Peng SF, Xiao MF, Huang WH, Wang YC, Peng JB, Zhang W, Ouyang DS, Chen Y. Screening of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes for the Ginsenoside Compound K In Vitro: An Efficient Anti-Cancer Substance Originating from Panax Ginseng. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147183. [PMID: 26845774 PMCID: PMC4742234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a rare ginsenoside originating from Panax Ginseng, has been found to possess unique pharmacological activities specifically as anti-cancers. However, the role of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in the metabolism of CK is unclear. In this study, we screened the CYPs for the metabolism of CK in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs) or human recombinant CYPs. The results showed that CK inhibited the enzyme activities of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in the HLMs. The Km and Vmax values of CK were 84.20±21.92 μM and 0.28±0.04 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively, for the HLMs; 34.63±10.48 μM and 0.45±0.05 nmol/nmol P450/min, respectively, for CYP2C9; and 27.03±5.04 μM and 0.68±0.04 nmol/nmol P450/min, respectively, for CYP3A4. The IC50 values were 16.00 μM and 9.83 μM, and Ki values were 14.92 μM and 11.42μM for CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, respectively. Other human CYP isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP2C19, showed minimal or no effect on CK metabolism. The results suggested that CK was a substrate and also inhibitors for both CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Patients using CK in combination with therapeutic drugs that are substrates of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 for different reasons should be careful, although the inhibiting potency of CK is much poorer than that of enzyme-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Xian Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Fang Peng
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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