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Dzulkarnain AA, Azizi AK, Sulaiman NH. Auditory sensory gating in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response with a psychological task: A preliminary investigation. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:495-501. [PMID: 33318741 PMCID: PMC7715407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the auditory sensory gating capacity in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with and without psychological tasks. Methods Twenty-three participants were recruited for this study. The participants were comprised of 11 Huffaz who memorized 30 chapters of the Islamic Scripture (from the Quran) and 12 non-Huffaz as the control group. All participants had normal hearing perception and underwent an ABR test with and without psychological tasks. The ABR was elicited at 70 dB nHL using a 3000 Hz tone burst stimulus with a 2-0-2 cycle at a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz. The ABR wave V amplitude and latencies were measured and statistically compared. A forward digit span test was also conducted to determine participants' working memory capacity. Results There were no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies between Huffaz and non-Huffaz in ABR with and without psychological tasks. There were also no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies in both groups of ABR with and without psychological tasks. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the digit span working memory score between both groups. Conclusions In this study, based on the ABR findings, Huffaz showed the same auditory sensory gating capacity as the non-Huffaz group. The ABR result was consistent with the digit span working memory test score. This finding implies that both groups have similar working memory performance. However, the conclusion is limited to the specific assessment method that we used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A.A. Dzulkarnain
- Corresponding address: Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia.
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Dzulkarnain AAA, Abdullah SA, Ruzai MAM, Ibrahim SHMN, Anuar NFA, Rahim ˈAEA. Effects of Different Electrode Configurations on the Narrow Band Level-Specific CE-Chirp and Tone-Burst Auditory Brainstem Response at Multiple Intensity Levels and Frequencies in Subjects With Normal Hearing. Am J Audiol 2018; 27:294-305. [PMID: 30054628 DOI: 10.1044/2018_aja-17-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 2 different electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical) on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings elicited from narrow band (NB) level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp and tone-burst in subjects with normal hearing at several intensity levels and frequency combinations. METHOD Quasi-experimental and repeated-measures study designs were used in this study. Twenty-six adults with normal hearing (17 females, 9 males) participated. ABRs were acquired from the study participants at 3 intensity levels (80, 60, and 40 dB nHL), 3 frequencies (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), 2 electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical), and 2 stimuli (NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst) using 2 stopping criteria (fixed averages at 4,000 sweeps and F test at multiple points = 3.1). RESULTS Wave V amplitudes were only 19%-26% larger for the vertical recordings than the ipsilateral recordings in both the ABRs obtained from the NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst stimuli. The mean differences in the F test at multiple points values and the residual noise levels between the ABRs obtained from the vertical and ipsilateral montages were statistically not significant. In addition, the ABR elicited from the NB LS CE-Chirp was significantly larger (up to 69%) than those from the tone-burst, except at the lower intensity level. CONCLUSION Both the ipsilateral and vertical montages can be used to record ABR to the NB LS CE-Chirp because of the small enhancement in the wave V amplitude provided by the vertical montage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Siti Aisyah Abdullah
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Muhammad Amar Mohd Ruzai
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Siti Hajra Mu'minah Noor Ibrahim
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Nur Farah Aida Anuar
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - ˈAfaf Ezzaty Abdul Rahim
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
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Chesnaye MA, Bell SL, Harte JM, Simpson DM. Objective measures for detecting the auditory brainstem response: comparisons of specificity, sensitivity and detection time. Int J Audiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1447697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Chesnaye
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK and
| | - S. L. Bell
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK and
| | - J. M. Harte
- Interacoustics Research Unit, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. M. Simpson
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK and
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Dzulkarnain AAA, Noor Ibrahim SHM, Anuar NFA, Abdullah SA, Tengku Zam Zam TZH, Rahmat S, Mohd Ruzai MA. Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels. Int J Audiol 2017; 56:723-732. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2017.1313462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hajra Mu’minah Noor Ibrahim
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farah Aida Anuar
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Abdullah
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Zulaila Hasma Tengku Zam Zam
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Rahmat
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amar Mohd Ruzai
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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bin Dzulkarnain AAA, Hadi USA, Zakaria N’A. The effects of stimulus rate and electrode montage on the auditory brainstem response in infants. SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/2050572813y.0000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Petoe MA, Bradley AP, Wilson WJ. On chirp stimuli and neural synchrony in the suprathreshold auditory brainstem response. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 128:235-46. [PMID: 20649219 DOI: 10.1121/1.3436527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The chirp-evoked ABR has been regarded as a more synchronous response than the click-evoked ABR, referring to the belief that the chirp stimulates lower-, mid-, and higher-frequency regions of the cochlea simultaneously. In this study a variety of tools were used to analyze the synchronicity of ABRs evoked by chirp- and click-stimuli at 40 dB HL in 32 normal hearing subjects aged 18 to 55 years (mean=24.8 years, SD=7.1 years). Compared to the click-evoked ABRs, the chirp-evoked ABRs showed larger wave V amplitudes, but an absence of earlier waves in the grand averages, larger wave V latency variance, smaller FFT magnitudes at the higher component frequencies, and larger phase variance at the higher component frequencies. These results strongly suggest that the chirp-evoked ABRs exhibited less synchrony than the click-evoked ABRs in this study. It is proposed that the temporal compensation offered by chirp stimuli is sufficient to increase neural recruitment (as measured by wave V amplitude), but that destructive phase interactions still exist along the cochlea partition, particularly in the low frequency portions of the cochlea where more latency jitter is expected. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Petoe
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Sanchez JT, Gans D. Effects of Artifact Rejection and Bayesian Weighting on the Auditory Brainstem Response During Quiet and Active Behavioral Conditions. Am J Audiol 2006; 15:154-63. [PMID: 17182880 DOI: 10.1044/1059-0889(2006/019)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of 2 noise reduction techniques on the auditory brainstem response (ABR).
Method
ABRs of 20 normal hearing adults were recorded during quiet and active behavioral conditions using 2 stimulus intensity levels. Wave V amplitudes and residual noise root-mean-square values were measured following the offline application of artifact rejection and Bayesian weighting. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni adjusted pairwise
t
tests were utilized to evaluate significant main effects and interactions between the 2 noise reduction techniques.
Results
ABRs recorded during the quiet behavioral condition resulted in minimal differences in wave V amplitude and noise reduction improvement, suggesting that the 2 techniques were equally effective under ideal recording situations. During the active behavioral condition, however, the techniques differed significantly in the ability to preserve the evoked potential and reduce noise. Consequently, strict artifact rejection levels resulted in an inherent underestimation of wave V amplitudes when compared with the Bayesian approach.
Conclusion
Artifact rejection had a detrimental effect on waveform morphology of the ABR. This could lead to difficulty in ABR interpretation when patients are active and ultimately result in diagnostic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tait Sanchez
- Kent State UNiversity, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, 4209 State Route 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Wilson WJ, Bailey KL, Balke CL, D'Arbe CL, Hoddinott BR, Bradley AP, Mills PC. On the dual structure of the auditory brainstem response in dogs. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:2211-20. [PMID: 16893679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the over-complete discrete wavelet transform (OCDWT) to further examine the dual structure of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the dog. METHODS ABR waveforms recorded from 20 adult dogs at supra-threshold (90 and 70dBnHL) and threshold (0-15dBSL) levels were decomposed using a six level OCDWT and reconstructed at individual scales (frequency ranges) A6 (0-391Hz), D6 (391-781Hz), and D5 (781-1563Hz). RESULTS At supra-threshold stimulus levels, the A6 scale (0-391Hz) showed a large amplitude waveform with its prominent wave corresponding in latency with ABR waves II/III; the D6 scale (391-781Hz) showed a small amplitude waveform with its first four waves corresponding in latency to ABR waves I, II/III, V, and VI; and the D5 scale (781-1563Hz) showed a large amplitude, multiple peaked waveform with its first six waves corresponding in latency to ABR waves I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. At threshold stimulus levels (0-15dBSL), the A6 scale (0-391Hz) continued to show a relatively large amplitude waveform, but both the D6 and D5 scales (391-781 and 781-1563Hz, respectively) now showed relatively small amplitude waveforms. CONCLUSIONS A dual structure exists within the ABR of the dog, but its relative structure changes with stimulus level. SIGNIFICANCE The ABR in the dog differs from that in the human both in the relative contributions made by its different frequency components, and the way these components change with stimulus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wilson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Ikeda K, Hayashi A, Sekiguchi T, Era S. Attention effects at auditory periphery derived from human scalp potentials: displacement measure of potentials. Int J Neurosci 2006; 116:1187-205. [PMID: 16923687 DOI: 10.1080/00207450500516446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is known in humans that electrophysiological measures such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR) are difficult to identify the attention effect at the auditory periphery, whereas the centrifugal effect has been detected by measuring otoacoustic emissions. This research developed a measure responsive to the shift of human scalp potentials within a brief post-stimulus period (13 ms), that is, displacement percentage, and applied it to an experiment to retrieve the peripheral attention effect. In the present experimental paradigm, tone pips were exposed to the left ear whereas the other ear was masked by white noise. Twelve participants each conducted two conditions of either ignoring or attending to the tone pips. Relative to averaged scalp potentials in the ignoring condition, the shift of the potentials was found within early component range during the attentive condition, and displacement percentage then revealed a significant magnitude difference between the two conditions. These results suggest that, using a measure representing the potential shift itself, the peripheral effect of attention can be detected from human scalp potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Ikeda
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wilson WJ. The relationship between the auditory brain-stem response and its reconstructed waveforms following discrete wavelet transformation. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 115:1129-39. [PMID: 15066538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) and its reconstructed waveforms following discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), and to comment on the resulting implications for ABR DWT time-frequency analysis. METHODS ABR waveforms were recorded from 120 normal hearing subjects at 90, 70, 50, 30, 10 and 0 dBnHL, decomposed using a 6 level discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), and reconstructed at individual wavelet scales (frequency ranges) A6, D6, D5 and D4. These waveforms were then compared for general correlations, and for patterns of change due to stimulus level, and subject age, gender and test ear. RESULTS The reconstructed ABR DWT waveforms showed 3 primary components: a large-amplitude waveform in the low-frequency A6 scale (0-266.6 Hz) with its single peak corresponding in latency with ABR waves III and V; a mid-amplitude waveform in the mid-frequency D6 scale (266.6-533.3 Hz) with its first 5 waves corresponding in latency to ABR waves I, III, V, VI and VII; and a small-amplitude, multiple-peaked waveform in the high-frequency D5 scale (533.3-1066.6 Hz) with its first 7 waves corresponding in latency to ABR waves I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Comparisons between ABR waves I, III and V and their corresponding reconstructed ABR DWT waves showed strong correlations and similar, reliable, and statistically robust changes due to stimulus level and subject age, gender and test ear groupings. Limiting these findings, however, was the unexplained absence of a small number (2%, or 117/6720) of reconstructed ABR DWT waves, despite their corresponding ABR waves being present. CONCLUSIONS Reconstructed ABR DWT waveforms can be used as valid time-frequency representations of the normal ABR, but with some limitations. In particular, the unexplained absence of a small number of reconstructed ABR DWT waves in some subjects, probably resulting from 'shift invariance' inherent to the DWT process, needs to be addressed. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of the relationship between the ABR and its reconstructed ABR DWT waveforms in a large normative sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wilson
- Division of Audiology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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Grönfors T, Juhola M. Effect of sampling frequencies and averaging resolution on medical parameters of auditory brainstem responses. Comput Biol Med 1995; 25:447-54. [PMID: 8575159 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(95)00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The amplitude ratio and latency between peaks of the auditory brainstem response are widely used as medical parameters of response in the clinical assessment. Several methodological factors affect the medical parameters. The sampling frequency, the resolution of the averager and filtering of the signal are important factors. Typically the signal is highly over-sampled in the recording phase. The resolution of the averager should be as good as possible to ensure adequacy of the amplitude parameter. The latency parameter is more tolerant to the reduction of the sampling frequency, and the signal can be decimated down to 10 kHz to reduce computational complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grönfors
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of Kuopio, Finland
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Polyakov A, Pratt H. Three-channel Lissajous' trajectory of the binaural interaction components in human auditory brain-stem evoked potentials. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1994; 92:396-404. [PMID: 7523083 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(94)90016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The 3-channel Lissajous' trajectory (3-CLT) of the binaural interaction components (BI) in auditory brain-stem evoked potentials (ABEPs) was derived from 17 normally hearing adults by subtracting the response to binaural clicks (B) from the algebraic sum of monaural responses (L + R). ABEPs were recorded in response to 65 dB nHL, alternating polarity clicks, presented at a rate of 11/sec. A normative set of BI 3-CLT measures was calculated and compared with the corresponding measures of simultaneously recorded, single-channel vertex-left mastoid and vertex-neck derivations of BI and of ABEP L + R and B. 3-CLT measures included: apex latency, amplitude and orientation, as well as planar segment duration and orientation. The results showed 3 apices and associated planar segments ("BdII," "Be" and "Bf") in the 3-CLT of BI which corresponded in latency to the vertex-mastoid and vertex-neck peaks IIIn, V and VI of ABEP L + R and B. These apices corresponded in latency and orientation to apices of the 3-CLT of ABEP L + R and ABEP B. This correspondence suggests generators of the BI components between the trapezoid body and the inferior colliculus output. Durations of BI planar segments were approximately 1.0 msec. Apex amplitudes of BI 3-CLT were larger than the respective peak amplitudes of the vertex-mastoid and vertex-neck recorded BI, while their intersubject variabilities were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polyakov
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Behavioral Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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14
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Grönfors T. Peak identification of auditory brainstem responses with multi-filters and attributed automaton. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 1993; 40:83-87. [PMID: 8370281 DOI: 10.1016/0169-2607(93)90002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An attributed automaton, a special case of attribute grammar, is a flexible tool in pattern recognition. It allows the utilization of contextual information from previously analyzed patterns in the analysis of the current pattern, and offers the possibility of describing those structural characteristics of patterns which cannot be described by classic methods of syntactic pattern recognition. Auditory brainstem responses are routinely used in audiology and otoneurology. Many studies on using the spectral analysis of averaged auditory brainstem responses have described at least two frequency bands, corresponding to the slow and fast components. Selective non-recursive digital filters for each frequency band in the spectrum of the auditory brainstem response have revealed enhancement or attenuation of components, depending on the band. In this study, multi-filters and an attributed automaton were combined for the identification of peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grönfors
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turku, Finland
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Spivak LG. Spectral composition of infant auditory brainstem responses: implications for filtering. AUDIOLOGY : OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AUDIOLOGY 1993; 32:185-94. [PMID: 8489479 DOI: 10.3109/00206099309072934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded from 20 normal neonates and 10 normal-hearing adults. The spectral compositions of ABRs from both groups were compared. Results indicated that significant amounts of low-frequency information are concentrated below 150 Hz in both the neonate and the adult ABRs although the neonate ABR has a slightly greater percentage of low-frequency information than that of the adults. This has implications for filtering during ABR recording. A low high-pass setting which preserves more of the low-frequency information will allow enhanced detectability of wave V in neonate ABRs recorded at low stimulus intensities. Furthermore, our experience indicates that the use of a 30- to 3,000-Hz bandpass is feasible in the neonatal intensive care unit as well as in the regular newborn nursery. Therefore the use of a 30- to 3,000-Hz bandpass is recommended for neonate ABR recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Spivak
- Adelphi University, Garden City, N.Y. 11530
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16
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Smith DI, Mills JH. Low-frequency component of the gerbil brainstem response: response characteristics and anesthesia effects. Hear Res 1991; 54:1-10. [PMID: 1917708 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5955(91)90130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded with epidural electrodes in awake and anesthetized gerbils. Low- and high-frequency components of the ABR were separated by analog filters and compared as functions of stimulus intensity, frequency, repetition rate, and effects of anesthesia. In response to 0.5 kHz tone bursts, thresholds of the low-frequency component (LF-ABR) were significantly lower than that of the most prominent peak of the high-frequency components (wave P4). At both 2 and 4 kHz, thresholds of the LF-ABR and wave P4 were not significantly different. Changes in stimulus intensity over a 70 dB range produced similar changes in peak amplitudes and latencies for the LF-ABR and P4. However, while the amplitude of the LF-ABR was inversely related to stimulus frequency, the amplitude of P4 was reduced at 0.5 kHz, as compared to 2 and 4 kHz. Increases in stimulus rate from 7 to 100 bursts/s produced little change in the amplitude of the LF-ABR. At rates of 80 and 100 bursts/s, the LF-ABR was sinusoidal in appearance due to the proximity of successively generated potentials. In contrast, the amplitude of P4 varied inversely with stimulus rate between 20 and 100 bursts/s. Administration of ketamine and xylazine produced minor changes in the amplitudes and latencies of both the LF-ABR and wave P4. The response characteristics of the gerbil LF-ABR are similar to those of the low-frequency component of the ABR in humans and cats. The LF-ABR provides an estimate of hearing threshold at low frequencies (0.5 kHz) as well as higher frequencies (2-4 kHz). A major advantage to the LF-ABR is that it can be recorded at high stimulation rates in awake and anesthetized animals, thus providing an efficient measure of auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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Kavanagh KT, Franks R. Analog and digital filtering of the brain stem auditory evoked response. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98:508-14. [PMID: 2751210 DOI: 10.1177/000348948909800704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the filtering effects on the auditory evoked potential of zero and standard phase shift digital filters (the former was a mathematical approximation of a standard Butterworth filter). Conventional filters were found to decrease the height of the evoked response in the majority of waveforms compared to zero phase shift filters. A 36-dB/octave zero phase shift high pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz produced a 16% reduction in wave amplitude compared to the unfiltered control. A 36-dB/octave, 100-Hz standard phase shift high pass filter produced a 41% reduction, and a 12-dB/octave, 150-Hz standard phase shift high pass filter produced a 38% reduction in wave amplitude compared to the unfiltered control. A decrease in the mean along with an increase in the variability of wave IV/V latency was also noted with conventional compared to zero phase shift filters. The increase in the variability of the latency measurement was due to the difficulty in waveform identification caused by the phase shift distortion of the conventional filter along with the variable decrease in wave latency caused by phase shifting responses with different spectral content. Our results indicated that a zero phase shift high pass filter of 100 Hz was the most desirable filter studied for the mitigation of spontaneous brain activity and random muscle artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Kavanagh
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Svensson O, Almqvist B, Jönsson KE. Effects of low-frequency components and analog filtering on auditory brainstem responses. A comparison of analog and digital filtering. SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY 1987; 16:43-7. [PMID: 3589480 DOI: 10.3109/01050398709042154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Analog and digital filtering of ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response) is compared for 20 adults with normal hearing. The result shows that the shape of the ABR is changed by the non-linear phase function of the analog filter (350-1,700 Hz). Peaks IV and V are particularly affected. The result also shows that if peaks IV and V are to be identified with certainty it is sometimes necessary to raise the lower band limit of the filter. This is because the low-frequency part of the ABR interferes with peaks IV and V. The latencies of peaks I to V obtained from ABRs after digital and analog filtering have been compared. This showed small but significant differences.
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Suzuki T, Kobayashi K, Takagi N. Effects of stimulus repetition rate on slow and fast components of auditory brain-stem responses. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1986; 65:150-6. [PMID: 2419104 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(86)90048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of stimulus repetition rate on the slow and fast components of the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) were investigated in 10 adult subjects with normal hearing. The ABRs were recorded with click stimuli at repetition rates of 8, 13.3, 23.8, 40 and 90.9/sec and at an intensity level of 55 dB nHL. Power spectral analysis of the averaged responses was performed. Then the responses were divided into a slow component (0-400 Hz) and a fast component (400-1500 Hz) by using digital filtering technique. The magnitude of the slow component was little affected with increasing stimulus rate from 8/sec to 90.9/sec, while successive waves of the fast component, including wave V, decreased in amplitude as stimulus rate was increased. The latency of the slow component and each wave of the fast component was prolonged with increasing click rates. The shift of latency became longer in the later waves than in the earlier waves.
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Birchall JP, Green GG, Reid A, Newson J. Fourier analysis of ECochG templates. Clin Otolaryngol 1985; 10:253-61. [PMID: 3841036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1985.tb00251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Computer templates of the action potential/summating potential waveforms from electrocochleograms have been analysed in the frequency domain following the Fast Fourier Transform. Analysis in the frequency domain is compared with standard time domain analysis and some inadequacies of the latter technique are shown. A simple account of the principles of Fourier analysis is given which may be of assistance to the general reader, particularly as computer packages currently being marketed with electric response audiometry equipment make this analytical technique readily available.
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Takagi N, Suzuki T, Kobayashi K. Effect of tone-burst frequency on fast and slow components of auditory brain-stem response. SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY 1985; 14:75-9. [PMID: 4023602 DOI: 10.3109/01050398509045926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
By means of digital filtering, averaged auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) were divided into slow and fast components with frequency compositions of 50-300 Hz and 400-1 500 Hz, respectively, and the relation of the two components to stimulus frequency was investigated. Tone bursts with a rise-decay time of two periods of the chosen frequency with no plateau (2-0-2) and with a 4 ms rise-decay time with no plateau (8 ms duration) were used as acoustic stimuli. Tone-burst frequencies were 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz at an intensity level of 40 dB nHL. The amplitude ratio of wave V of the fast component to the slow component decreased with decreasing stimulus frequency, and it remained almost unchanged at each stimulus frequency regardless of the rise-decay time of the stimuli. From these results, it became clear that the frequently-mentioned audiometric difficulties for lower frequency stimuli in ABR testing are related mainly to the low amplitude of the fast component for the frequency range below 1.0 kHz. The slow component, with relatively large amplitude for the low-frequency stimuli, is regarded as the most useful index in the ABR for threshold estimation of hearing.
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Abstract
The generators of the frequency following response (FFR) were characterized for three frequency ranges by studying changes in FFR response after lesioning the nuclei within the central brainstem auditory pathway. Responses to low frequency (200-500 Hz) stimulation demonstrated changes in the complexity of the FFR waveform in both time and frequency domains following lesions in the brainstem auditory pathway. The results indicate that the complexity of the low frequency FFR is due to activity from multiple sites within the auditory pathway. The intermediate frequency (700-1500 Hz) responses showed unpredictable amplitude changes following similar lesions and no conclusion could be drawn about the generators of the FFR in this frequency range. The responses to high frequency (3-8 Hz) stimulation showed no reduction in amplitude following serial lesioning. These results, combined with other experimental evidence presented, indicate that the high frequency FFR response originates from the cochlear microphonic. Different electrode configurations were used to evaluate the low frequency FFR. In contrast to multiple generator sources recorded with the standard vertex-mastoid electrode configuration, we were able to record a response contributed primarily by the inferior colliculi with a less peripherally sensitive electrode configuration (vertex-linked-pinnae) at low intensity stimulation. The fact that auditory brainstem nuclei contribute to the FFR in varying amounts depending on the electrode configuration may explain some of the conflicting characterizations of this response in the literature. Despite this difficulty, the FFR neural generators were identified and characterized in the low frequency range using our most sensitive electrode configuration (vertex-mastoid) and in the high frequency range where the single generator is the cochlear microphonic.
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Suzuki T, Kobayashi K, Hirabayashi M. Frequency composition of auditory middle responses. BRITISH JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY 1983; 17:1-4. [PMID: 6860817 DOI: 10.3109/03005368309081475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Power spectral analysis and digital filtration were performed on the auditory middle responses (AMR) to click stimuli in six subjects with normal hearing. The spectral analysis revealed that the main power of the AMR was located at frequencies between 30 and 50 Hz with a peak at 40 Hz. A small elevation of power observed in the spectrum between 90 and 180 Hz was considered to be due to the ABR and the earliest part of the AMR. Typical AMR components, namely Na, Pa, Nb and Pb, were constantly recognised with digital high-pass (HP) filtration at 30 Hz. With increasing cut-off frequencies up to 50 Hz, the peak latencies of Na and Pa remained unchanged, while their magnitudes markedly decreased. On the other hand, Pb completely disappeared with 40 Hz filtration, forming two distinct positive peaks at about 55 and 80 ms after the stimulus onset. In some cases, three small positive peaks were seen following Pa with HP filtration at 50 Hz. With 60 Hz HP filtration, main components of the AMR substantially disappeared.
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