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Szukiewicz D. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of estrogen and progesterone signaling at the level of endometrial/endometriotic tissue in the pathomechanism of endometriosis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:193-235. [PMID: 36863794 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a term referring to a condition whereby the endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. This progressive and debilitating condition affects up to 15% of women of reproductive age. Due to the fact that endometriosis cells may express estrogen receptors (ERα, Erβ, GPER) and progesterone (P4) receptors (PR-A, PR-B), their growth, cyclic proliferation, and breakdown are similar to the processes occurring in the endometrium. The underlying etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still not fully explained. The retrograde transport of viable menstrual endometrial cells with the retained ability to attach within the pelvic cavity, proliferate, differentiate and invade into the surrounding tissue explains the most widely accepted implantation theory. Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) with clonogenic potential constitute the most abundant population of cells within endometrium that resemble the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accordingly, formation of the endometriotic foci in endometriosis may be due to a kind of EnSCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates the underestimated role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hormone-mediated epigenetic modifications of the genome in EnSCs or even MSCs were attributed an important role in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The roles of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance were also found to be crucial in the development of epigenetic homeostasis failure. Therefore, the aim of this review was to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs and the changed properties due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Szukiewicz D. Epigenetic regulation and T-cell responses in endometriosis – something other than autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943839. [PMID: 35935991 PMCID: PMC9355085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity. This common, estrogen dependent, inflammatory condition affects up to 15% of reproductive-aged women and is a well-recognized cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite the still unknown etiology of endometriosis, much evidence suggests the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the disease etiopathogenesis. The main rationale is based on the fact that heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence are common triggers for hormonal, immunological, and inflammatory disorders, which play a key role in the formation of endometriotic foci. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications, deserve attention because tissue-resident T lymphocytes work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ-specific environmental conditions. Thus, a failure to precisely regulate immune cell transcription may result in compromised immunological integrity of the organ with an increased risk of inflammatory disorders. The coexistence of endometriosis and autoimmunity is a well-known occurrence. Recent research results indicate regulatory T-cell (Treg) alterations in endometriosis, and an increased number of highly active Tregs and macrophages have been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Elimination of the regulatory function of T cells and an imbalance between T helper cells of the Th1 and Th2 types have been reported in the endometria of women with endometriosis-associated infertility. This review aims to present the state of the art in recognition epigenetic reprogramming of T cells as the key factor in the pathophysiology of endometriosis in the context of T-cell-related autoimmunity. The new potential therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic modulation and/or adoptive transfer of T cells will also be outlined.
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Chu LH, Liao CC, Liew PL, Chen CW, Su PH, Wen KC, Lai HC, Huang RL, Chen LY. Epigenomic Analysis Reveals the KCNK9 Potassium Channel as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Adenomyosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115973. [PMID: 35682653 PMCID: PMC9180761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is linked to dysmenorrhea and infertility. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis remains unclear, and little is known of the genetic and epigenetic changes in the eutopic endometrium in adenomyosis, which may predispose patients to the invasion and migration of endometrial tissues into the myometrium. Transcriptome studies have identified genes related to various cell behaviors but no targets for therapeutic intervention. The epigenetics of the eutopic endometrium in adenomyosis have rarely been investigated. Endometrial tissue was obtained from premenopausal women with (n = 32) or without adenomyosis (n = 17) who underwent hysterectomy aged 34–57 years at a tertiary hospital. The methylome and transcriptome were assessed by using a Methylation 450 K BeadChip array and Affymetrix expression microarray. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Differential methylation analysis revealed 53 lowly methylated genes and 176 highly methylated genes with consistent gene expression in adenomyosis, including three genes encoding potassium ion channels. High expression of KCNK9 in the eutopic and ectopic endometria in patients with adenomyosis but not in normal controls was observed. Hormone-free, antibody-based KCNK9 targeting is a potential therapeutic strategy for adenomyosis-related dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
| | - Chi-Chun Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Nuwa Fertility Center, Taipei 106467, Taiwan
| | - Phui-Ly Liew
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Dr Wang Reproductive Fertility Center, Taipei 110007, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Hsuan Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (C.-C.L.); (P.-H.S.); (K.-C.W.); (H.-C.L.); (R.-L.H.)
- Translational Epigenetics Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2249-0088 (ext. 8740)
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Li J, Liu Y, Du K, Xiao L, He X, Dai F, Tang J. Endometriosis in para-aortic lymph node resembling a malignancy: a case report and literature review. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35379213 PMCID: PMC8981872 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease characterized by growing-functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Extra-pelvic endometriosis, which accounts for approximately 12% of endometriosis, is more challenging to diagnose because of its distance from the pelvic organs. Halban's theory of benign metastasis indicates that endometrial cells can appear in extra-pelvic organs via lymphatic and blood vessels, but endometrial lymph node metastasis cases are still rare. We report a case of endometriosis in a para-aortic lymph node whose clinical behavior mimicked a malignancy. Case presentation A 52-year-old perimenopausal woman underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingectomy (the patient insisted on the preservation of her ovaries) at a local hospital 2 years earlier because of adenomyosis. The patient presented with a complaint of low back pain to the gastrointestinal outpatient department of our hospital. The carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) was abnormally elevated at 5280.20 U/ml, human epididymis 4 (HE4) was 86.0 pmol/L, while other tumor markers were normal. Serum female hormone results were in the postmenopausal range, and her gastroenteroscopy showed no abnormalities. Moreover, both enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a high possibility of a retroperitoneal malignant lymph node (metastasis possible, primary site unknown). One week after admission, she underwent laparoscopic exploratory surgery, during which we observed normal shape and size of both ovaries while the left ovary was cystic-solid. After opening the retroperitoneal space, an enlarged lymph node-like tissue measuring 8 × 4 × 3 cm3 was found near the abdominal aorta. When the surrounding adhesions were separated, lymph node-like tissue was poorly demarcated from the abdominal aorta and renal artery. Some lymph node samples and left ovary were sent for intraoperative frozen section, which revealed benign lesions, similar to endometrial tissue. The lymph node tissue was then excised as much as possible, and the second set of intraoperative frozen sections showed high probability of endometrial tissue. The final histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining reached a diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node endometriosis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antigen treatment was recommended every 28 days because of the high preoperative CA125 and imaging-based suspicion of malignancy. The serum CA125 subsequently decreased to normal levels, and no para-aortic lesions were detected on abdominal enhancement CT. She is being followed up regularly. Conclusion It is known that the incidence of lymph node metastasis in pelvic endometriosis is relatively rare. Our report shows that endometriotic tissue can metastasize via the lymphatic route and suggests that endometriotic tissue has the characteristics of invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Du
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Dai
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Tang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Szukiewicz D, Stangret A, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG, Soriţău O, Suşman S, Szewczyk G. Estrogen- and Progesterone (P4)-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications of Endometrial Stromal Cells (EnSCs) and/or Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1174-1193. [PMID: 33411206 PMCID: PMC8316205 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterine cavity. Because ectopic endometriosis cells express both estrogen and progesterone (P4) receptors, they grow and undergo cyclic proliferation and breakdown similar to the endometrium. This debilitating gynecological disease affects up to 15% of reproductive aged women. Despite many years of research, the etiopathogenesis of endometrial lesions remains unclear. Retrograde transport of the viable menstrual endometrial cells with retained ability for attachment within the pelvic cavity, proliferation, differentiation and subsequent invasion into the surrounding tissue constitutes the rationale for widely accepted implantation theory. Accordingly, the most abundant cells in the endometrium are endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). These cells constitute a particular population with clonogenic activity that resembles properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Thus, a significant role of stem cell-based dysfunction in formation of the initial endometrial lesions is suspected. There is increasing evidence that the role of epigenetic mechanisms and processes in endometriosis have been underestimated. The importance of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance in epigenetic homeostasis failure in the endometrial/endometriotic tissue are crucial. Epigenetic alterations regarding transcription factors of estrogen and P4 signaling pathways in MSCs are robust in endometriotic tissue. Thus, perspectives for the future may include MSCs and EnSCs as the targets of epigenetic therapies in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis. Here, we reviewed the current known changes in the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G. Olivares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Soriţău
- Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii St, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Suşman
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Yilmaz BD, Bulun SE. Endometriosis and nuclear receptors. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:473-485. [PMID: 30809650 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is recognized as a steroid-dependent disorder; however, the precise roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in steroid responsiveness and other signaling pathways are not well understood. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Over the past several years, a number of paradigm-shifting breakthroughs have occurred in the area of NRs in endometriosis. We review and clarify new information regarding the mechanisms responsible for: (i) excessive estrogen biosynthesis, (ii) estrogen-dependent inflammation, (iii) defective differentiation due to progesterone resistance and (iv) enhanced survival due to deficient retinoid production and action in endometriosis. We emphasize the roles of the relevant NRs critical for these pathological processes in endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until 2018 in the following areas: endometriosis; the steroid and orphan NRs, estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (NR2F2); and retinoids. OUTCOMES Four distinct abnormalities in the intracavitary endometrium and extra-uterine endometriotic tissue underlie endometriosis progression: dysregulated differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal cells, abnormal epigenetic marks, inflammation activated by excess estrogen and the development of progesterone resistance. Endometriotic stromal cells compose the bulk of the lesions and demonstrate widespread epigenetic abnormalities. Endometriotic stromal cells also display a wide range of abnormal NR expression. The orphan NRs NR5A1 and NR2F2 compete to regulate steroid-synthesizing genes in endometriotic stromal cells; NR5A1 dominance gives rise to excessive estrogen formation. Endometriotic stromal cells show an abnormally low ESR1:ESR2 ratio due to excessive levels of ESR2, which mediates an estrogen-driven inflammatory process and prostaglandin formation. These cells are also deficient in PGR, leading to progesterone resistance and defective retinoid synthesis. The pattern of NR expression, involving low ESR1 and PGR and high ESR2, is reminiscent of uterine leiomyoma stem cells. This led us to speculate that endometriotic stromal cells may display stem cell characteristics found in other uterine tissues. The biologic consequences of these abnormalities in endometriotic tissue include intense inflammation, defective differentiation and enhanced survival. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Steroid- and other NR-related abnormalities exert genome-wide biologic effects via interaction with defective epigenetic programming and enhance inflammation in endometriotic stromal cells. New synthetic ligands, targeting PGR, retinoic acid receptors and ESR2, may offer novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar D Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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miR-4651 inhibits cell proliferation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting HMGA2 under nifedipine treatment. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:10. [PMID: 32231210 PMCID: PMC7105500 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is recognized as a side effect of nifedipine (NIF); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that overexpressed miR-4651 inhibits cell proliferation and induces G0/G1-phase arrest in gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) with or without NIF treatment. Furthermore, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and dual-luciferase report assay results confirmed that high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is the downstream target gene of miR-4651. Overexpression of HMGA2 enhanced GMSC proliferation and accelerated the cell cycle with or without NIF treatment. The present study demonstrates that miR-4651 inhibits the proliferation of GMSCs and arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase by upregulating cyclin D and CDK2 while downregulating cyclin E through inhibition of HMGA2 under NIF stimulation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism regulating DIGO progression and suggest the potential of miR-4651 and HMGA2 as therapeutic targets.
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Aberrant expression of CHL1 gene and long non-coding RNA CHL1-AS1, CHL1-AS2 in ovarian endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 236:177-182. [PMID: 30943448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) CHL1 (close homologue of L1 or cell adhesion molecule L1 like), also referred as CALL, is a member of the L1 gene family of neural cell adhesion molecules and belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation of the CHL1 gene and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), i.e., CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2, and to validate the expression patterns of CHL1 and CHL1-AS2 in ovarian endometriosis (EM). STUDY DESIGN Our previous microarray analyses (GSE86534) of 4 patients with ovarian EM indicated that CHL1 was the most upregulated mRNA in ectopic endometrium (EC) compared with eutopic endometrium (EU) tissues, and that its two antisense lncRNAs CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2, exhibited the same expression pattern. We used a bioinformatics-based strategy to calculate the correlation among CHL1, CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to analyze commonly enriched gene sets for CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we examined the expression levels of CHL1 mRNA and lncRNA CHL1-AS2 in paired tissues of EC and EU from 30 EM patients and normal endometrium (NE) tissues from 27 controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We also examined the expression of CHL1 protein in EC, EU and NE tissues using western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS CHL1, CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2 were significantly correlated with each other given that the Pearson correlation values were > 0.9 using bioinformatic calculation. GSEA revealed that CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2 were negatively associated with the same gene set "WAMUNYOKOLI_OVARIAN_CANCER_LMP". qPCR confirmed that the CHL1 and CHL1-AS2 expression levels were significantly higher in EC tissues than in EU and NE tissues, while they were not significantly different in EU compared with NE tissues. The relative expression levels of CHL1 and CHL1-AS2 in EC compared with EU tissues were positively significantly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.421 and P value = 0.02). Elevated expression of CHL1 protein in EC tissues was detected by western blotting. IHC revealed that CHL1 protein expression levels enhanced in ectopic endometrial glands and stroma. CONCLUSION(S) Our results indicate a significant correlation among CHL1, CHL1-AS1 and CHL1-AS2, which might be involved in the development of ovarian EM and serve as novel targets for future research.
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Daraï E, Ploteau S, Ballester M, Bendifallah S. [Pathogenesis, genetics and diagnosis of endometriosis]. Presse Med 2017; 46:1156-1165. [PMID: 29150232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a multifactorial pathology. Trans-tubal reflux theory remains valid. Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with immunological perturbations are involved. The role of endocrine disruptors is discussed although epidemiological studies are contradictory. Therapeutics are primarily based on hormonal treatments but better understanding of pathophysiology should allow targeted non-hormonal therapy. The clinical examination is sometimes negative, which should not eliminate the diagnosis and imposes complementary examinations as best as possible by referents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Daraï
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), Paris 6, hôpital Tenon, service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, 75020 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre expert en endométriose (C3E), groupe de recherche clinique (GRC-6 UPMC), 75020 Paris, France; UMRS-938 Paris 6, 75012 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre de diagnostic en un jour de l'endométriose (CDJE), 75020 Paris, France.
| | - Stéphane Ploteau
- CHU de Nantes, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marcos Ballester
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), Paris 6, hôpital Tenon, service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, 75020 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre expert en endométriose (C3E), groupe de recherche clinique (GRC-6 UPMC), 75020 Paris, France; UMRS-938 Paris 6, 75012 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre de diagnostic en un jour de l'endométriose (CDJE), 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), Paris 6, hôpital Tenon, service de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction humaine, 75020 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre expert en endométriose (C3E), groupe de recherche clinique (GRC-6 UPMC), 75020 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, centre de diagnostic en un jour de l'endométriose (CDJE), 75020 Paris, France
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Laganà AS, Salmeri FM, Vitale SG, Triolo O, Götte M. Stem Cell Trafficking During Endometriosis: May Epigenetics Play a Pivotal Role? Reprod Sci 2017; 25:978-979. [PMID: 28100109 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116687661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- 1 Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Salmeri
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- 1 Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- 1 Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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