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Ramos-Martínez I, Vivanco-Rojas O, Juárez-Domínguez B, Hernández-Zimbrón L, Ochoa-de la Paz L, Quiroz-Mercado H, Ramírez-Hernández E, Gulias-Cañizo R, Zenteno E. Abnormal N-Glycosylation of Human Lens Epithelial Cells in Type-2 Diabetes May Contribute to Cataract Progression. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:1365-1373. [PMID: 33833495 PMCID: PMC8020457 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In order to better understand cataract development, we analyzed the glycosylation profile of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from anterior lens capsules of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic (ND) patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. Setting Research Department of the Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Mexico. Design Experimental study. Methods Evaluation of anterior lens capsules from T2DM and ND patients undergoing phacoemulsification and free from other ocular diseases. Results Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed HLECs alterations in T2DM samples. From lectins with different sugar specificities used, concanavalin A showed significant differences, labeling homogeneously both in the cytoplasm and in cell membranes in ND capsules, while in T2DM capsules, in addition to membrane and cytoplasm labeling, there were perinuclear vesicles with high concanavalin A labeling. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that T2DM patients have a ~65-kDa spot with an isoelectric point of 5.5 with a higher density compared to ND capsules, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed 62% homology with type-1 cytokeratin. Immunohistochemistry using anti-pan cytokeratin antibody revealed co-localization with concanavalin A, and a lectin blot revealed with concanavalin A showed a band of ~65 kDa, a molecular weight that corresponds to human type 1 cytokeratin. Conclusion These results suggest that over-expression of N-glycosidically linked human type 1 cytokeratin may induce capsule disruption and affect selective permeability, allowing the entry of different molecules to the lens that facilitate cataract progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico.,Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Oscar Vivanco-Rojas
- Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Juárez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Hernández-Zimbrón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Ochoa-de la Paz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
- Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac Mexico, Huixquilucan, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico
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Makarov V, Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Khmelinskii I, Inyushin M. Quantum mechanism of light transmission by the intermediate filaments in some specialized optically transparent cells. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:011005. [PMID: 27570792 PMCID: PMC4985621 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Some very transparent cells in the optical tract of vertebrates, such as the lens fiber cells, possess certain types of specialized intermediate filaments (IFs) that have essential significance for their transparency. The exact mechanism describing why the IFs are so important for transparency is unknown. Recently, transparency was described also in the retinal Müller cells (MCs). We report that the main processes of the MCs contain bundles of long specialized IFs, each about 10 nm in diameter; most likely, these filaments are the channels providing light transmission to the photoreceptor cells in mammalian and avian retinas. We interpret the transmission of light in such channels using the notions of quantum confinement, describing energy transport in structures with electroconductive walls and diameter much smaller than the wavelength of the respective photons. Model calculations produce photon transmission efficiency in such channels exceeding 0.8, in optimized geometry. We infer that protein molecules make up the channels, proposing a qualitative mechanism of light transmission by such structures. The developed model may be used to describe light transmission by the IFs in any transparent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Physics, Rio Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan 00931-3343, Puerto Rico
| | - Lidia Zueva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Butlerova Street 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, Centro de Investigação em Química do Algarve (CIQA), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bayamón 00960-6032, Puerto Rico
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Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Makarov V, Khmelinskii I, Inyushin M. Foveolar Müller Cells of the Pied Flycatcher: Morphology and Distribution of Intermediate Filaments Regarding Cell Transparency. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:379-386. [PMID: 26926795 PMCID: PMC4940978 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specialized intermediate filaments (IFs) have critical importance for the clearness and uncommon transparency of vertebrate lens fiber cells, although the physical mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Recently, an unusual low-scattering light transport was also described in retinal Müller cells. Exploring the function of IFs in Müller cells, we have studied the morphology and distribution pattern of IFs and other cytoskeletal filaments inside the Müller cell main processes in the foveolar part of the avian (pied flycatcher) retina. We found that some IFs surrounded by globular nanoparticles (that we suggest are crystallines) are present in almost every part of the Müller cells that span the retina, including the microvilli. Unlike IFs implicated in the mechanical architecture of the cell, these IFs are not connected to any specific cellular membranes. Instead, they are organized into bundles, passing inside the cell from the endfeet to the photoreceptor, following the geometry of the processes, and repeatedly circumventing numerous obstacles. We believe that the presently reported data effectively confirm that the model of nanooptical channels built of the IFs may provide a viable explanation of Müller cell transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St-Petersburg, Russia,
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, 119992, Moscow, Russia,
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Physics, San Juan, PR 00931, USA,
| | - Igor Khmelinskii
- University of the Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Faro 8005-139, Algarve, Portugal,
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Central University of the Caribbean, Department of Physiology, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA,
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Sakthivel M, Geraldine P, Thomas PA. Alterations in the lenticular protein profile in experimental selenite-induced cataractogenesis and prevention by ellagic acid. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249:1201-10. [PMID: 21455778 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress underlies age-related formation of cataract, and that antioxidants retard cataractogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate whether ellagic acid, a natural polyphenol with antioxidant properties, prevents alterations in the lenticular protein profile in an experimental model of selenite cataract. METHODS Alterations in lenticular protein were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and image analysis. Eluted αA-crystallin spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was also performed to confirm the differential expression of certain crystallins and cytoskeletal proteins. RESULTS In cataractous lenses, 2DE and image analysis revealed approximately 45 and 60 prominent spots in soluble and insoluble protein fractions respectively. Analysis of the pI and molecular weight of protein spots revealed differences in the expression of crystallin proteins in soluble and insoluble fractions. Western blot analysis confirmed changes in the expression of αA- and βB1- crystallins in both soluble and insoluble protein fractions, while mass spectrometry confirmed the degradation of αA-crystallin in selenite cataractous lenses. Western blot analysis also confirmed the occurrence of altered expression of certain cytoskeletal proteins in insoluble fractions. However, the lenticular protein profile in lenses from selenite-challenged, ellagic acid-treated rats was essentially similar to that noted in lenses from normal rats. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the importance of structural and cytoskeletal proteins in the maintenance of lenticular transparency; the results also suggest that ellagic acid prevents lenticular protein alterations induced by selenite in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniyan Sakthivel
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 Tamil Nadu, India
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Clark JI, Matsushima H, David LL, Clark JM. Lens cytoskeleton and transparency: a model. Eye (Lond) 1999; 13 ( Pt 3b):417-24. [PMID: 10627819 DOI: 10.1038/eye.1999.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the cytoskeleton in lens was first considered when cytoplasmic microtubules were observed in elongating fibre cells of the chick lens nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, tubulin, actin, vimentin and intermediate filaments have been identified and found to function in mitosis, motility and cellular morphology during lens cell differentiation. A role for the cytoskeleton in accommodation has been proposed and modification of the cytoskeletal proteins has been observed in several cataract models. Recently, a progressive increase in protein aggregation and lens opacification was found to correspond with the loss of cytoskeletal protein in the selenite model for cataract. In the present report a model is proposed for the role of tubulin, actin, vimentin, spectrin and the lens-specific filaments, filensin and CP49, in the establishment and maintenance of transparent lens cell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Clark
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-7420, USA.
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Abstract
The sequential changes during selenite nuclear cataractogenesis were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and correlated with slit lamp observations. A posterior opacity, visible with the slit lamp 1-2 days after injection of sodium selenite, was found to consist of masses of vacuoles in the superficial posterior cortex by SEM. 2-3 days post injection, a biomicroscopic refractile ring around the nucleus was represented by SEM abnormalities suggesting membrane damage and possible loss of cytosol in the perinuclear region. All normal structure in this region was lost by 5 days after injection when the central nucleus had become opaque. SEM also showed evidence for damage in areas which were still clear by slit lamp examination. Changes, characteristic of aging, were found near selenite induced damage in peripheral (younger) fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201
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Gandolfi SA, Tagliavini J, Belpoliti M, Duncan G, Maraini G. Oxidative cross-linking of fodrin parallels a membrane conductance increase in the mammalian lens. Curr Eye Res 1988; 7:747-54. [PMID: 3180827 DOI: 10.3109/02713688809033205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An oxidative cross-linking of the lens spectrin-like protein fodrin was induced by incubating WKY-rat lenses in the presence of the SH-reagent diamide. The oxidation of fodrin was paralleled by an increase in lens membrane conductance. The time relationship between these two events as well as the reversibility of both, achieved by incubating the lens in the presence of dithiothreitol, indicate that normal permeability characteristics of the lens membranes require the integrity of the membrane attached cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Gandolfi
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università di Parma, Italy
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